The Comet Assay with Multiple Mouse Organs: Comparison of Comet Assay Results and Carcinogenicity with 208 Chemicals Selected from the IARC Monographs and U.S. NTP Carcinogenicity Database

REFERENCES

• Tennant, R. W., B. H. Margolin, M. D. Shelby, E. Zeiger, J. K. Haseman, J. Spalding, and W. Caspary (1987) Prediction of chemical carcinogenicity in rodents from in vitro genetic toxicity assays, Science, 236, 933–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiger, E., J. K. Haseman, M. D. Shelby, B. H. Margolin, and R. W. Tennant (1990) Evaluation of four in vitro genetic toxicity tests for predicting rodent carcinogenicity: confirmation of earlier results with 41 additional chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 16 (Suppl. 18), 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Morita, T., N. Asano, T. Awogi, Y. F. Sasaki, S. Sato, H. Shimada, S. Sutou, T. Suzuki, A. Wakata, T. Sofuni, and M. Hayashi (1997) Evaluation of the rodent micronucleus assay to screen IARC carcinogens (group 1, 2A, and 2B), The summary report of the 6th collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMS, Mutation Res., 389, 3–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pool-Zobel, B. L., R. G. Klein, U. M. Liegibel, F. Kuchenmeister, S. Weber, and P. Schmezer (1992). Systemic genotoxic effects of tobacco-related nitrosoamines following oral and inhalation administration to Sprague-Dawley rats, Clin. Invest., 70, 299–306.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh, N. P., M. T. McCoy, R. R. Tice, and E. L. Schneider (1988). A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells, Exp. Cell. Res., 175, 184–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbairn, D. W., P. L. Olive, and K. L. O'Neill (1995). The comet assay: a comprehensive review, Mutat. Res., 339, 37–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmezer, P., C. Eckert, and U. M. Liegibel (1994). Tissue-specific induction of mutations by streptozotocin in vivo, Mutat. Res., 307, 495–499.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monteith, D. K. and J. Vanstone (1995). Comparison of the microgel electrophoresis assay and other assays for genotoxicity in the induction of DNA damage, Mutat. Res., 345, 97–103.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, N. P., H. Lai, and A. Khan (1995). Ethanol-induced single-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells, Mutat. Res., 345, 191–196.
   Google Scholar
• Altamirano-Lozano, M., L. Alvarez-Barrera, F. Basurto-Alcanyara, M. Valverde, and E. Rojas (1996). Reprotoxic and genotoxic studies of vanadium pentaoxide in male mice, Terato. Carcino. Mutagenesis, 16, 7–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh, N. P., R. R. Tice, R. E. Stephens, and E. L. Schneider (1991). A microgel electrophoresis technique for the direct quantitation of DNA damage and repair in individual fibroblasts cultured on microscope slides, Mutat. Res., 252, 289–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbairn, D. W., W. A. Reyes, and K. L. O'Neill (1994). Alkali-liable sites are prevalent in kidney tissue DNA, Cancer Lett. 81, 67–76.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, H. and P. L. Olive (1996). Reduction of tumor hypoxia and inhibition of DNA repair by nicotinamide after irraciation of SCCVII murine tumors and normal tissues, Cancer Res. 56, 2801–2808.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., S. Tsuda, F. Izumiyama, and E. Nishidate (1997a). Detection of chemically induced DNA lesions in multiple mouse organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow) using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay, Mutat. Res., 388, 33–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., F. Izumiyama, E. Nishidate, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1997b). Detection of genotoxicity of rodent carcinogens targeting the liver by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in multiple mouse organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow), Mutat. Res., 391, 201–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., F. Izumiyama, E. Nishidate, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1997c). Simple detection of genotoxicity of chemical mutagens by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in multiple mouse organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow), Mutat. Res., 391, 215–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., F. Izumiyama, E. Nishidate, T. Ohta, T. Ono, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1997d). Simple detection of in vivo genotoxicity of pyrimethamine in rodents by the alkaline single cell gel elecyrophoresis assay, Mutat. Res., 392, 251–259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., F. Izumiyama, E. Nishidate, M. Watanabe-Akanuma, N. Kinae, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1997e). Detection of in vivo genotoxicity of 3- chloro-4- (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-25H. -furanone (MX) by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in multiple mouse organs, Mutat. Res., 393, 47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Over all Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France).
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J. and R. W. Tennant (1991). Definitive relationships among chemical structure, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for 301 chemicals tested by the U.S. NTP, Mutat. Res., 257, 229–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., A. Saga, M. Akasaka, E. Nishidate, M. Watanabe-Akanuma, T. Ohta, N. Matsusaka, and Shuji Tsuda (1997f). In vivo genotoxicity of heterocyclic amines detected by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay with mouse multiple organs, Mutat. Res., 395, 57–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., A. Saga, M. Akasaka, K. Yosida, E. Nishidate, Y. Q. Su, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1997g). In vivo genotoxicity of ortho-phenylphenol, biphenyl and thiabendazole detected by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay with mouse multiple organs, Mutat. Res., 395, 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., E. Nishidate, Y. Q. Su, N. Matsusaka, S. Tsuda, N. Susa, Y. Furukawa, and S. Ueno (1998a). Organ-specific genotoxicity of the potent rodent bladder carcinogens o-anisidine and p-cresidine, Mutat. Res., 412, 155–160.
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., A. Saga, K. Yosida, Y. Q. Su., T. Ohta, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1998b). Colon-specific genotoxicity of heterocyclic amines detected by the modified alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay of multiple mouse organs, Mutat. Res., 414, 9–14.
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., A. Saga, M. Akasaka, S. Ishibashi, K. Yosida, Y. Q. Su, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1998c). Organ-specific genotoxicity of the potent rodent colon carcinogen 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine and three hydrazine derivatives: difference between intraperitoneal and oral gavage, Mutat. Res., 415, 1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki Y. F., A. Saga, M. Akasaka, S. Ishibashi, K. Yoshida, Y. Q. Su, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1998d). Detection of in vivo genotoxicity of haloalkanes and haloalkenes carcinogenic to rodents by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay in multiple mouse organs, Mutat. Res., 419, 13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., K. Fujikawa, K. Ishida, N. Kawamura, Y. Nishikawa, S. Ohta, M. Satoh, H. Madarame, S. Ueno, N. Susa, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda (1999). The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay with mouse multiple organs: results with 30 aromatic amines evaluated by the IARC and U.S. NTP, Mutat. Res., 440, 1–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsuda, S. Y. Kosaka, N. Matsusaka, and Y. F. Sasaki (1998a). Detection of pyrimethamine-induced DNA damage in mouse embryo and maternal organs by the modified alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, Mutat. Res., 415, 69–77.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuda S., Y. Kosaka, M. Murakami, H. Matsuo, N. Matsusaka, K. Taniguchi, and Y. F. Sasak (1998b). Detection of nivalenol genotoxicity in cultured cells and multiple mouse organs by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, Mutat. Res., 415, 191–200.
   Google Scholar
• Dunkel, V. C., E. Zeiger, D. Brusick, E. McCoy, D. McGregor, K. Mortelmans, H. S. Rosenkranz, and V. F. Shimmon (1984). Reproducibility of microsomal mutagenicity assays. I. Test with Salmonella typhumurium and Escherichia coli using standard protocol, Environ. Mutagen. 6 (S2) 1–254.
   Google Scholar
• Shiraishi, Y. (1986). Hypersensitive character of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines usable sensitive carcinogen detection, Mutat. Res., 175, 179–187.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe, K. K. Sakamoto, and T. Sasaki (1995). Collaborative study of interlaboratory variability in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA2638 and Escherichia coli WP2/pKM101 and WP2 uvrAlpKM101. Association of Microbial Mutation Testing Laboratory C.O., Mutagenesis, 10, 235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCann J., N. E. Spingarn, J. Kobori, and B. N. Ames (1975). Detection of carcinogens as mutagens: bacterial tester strains with R factor plasmids, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 979–983.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). Mitomycin C (MMC), in: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 282.
   Google Scholar
• CSGMT (1992). Micronucleus test with mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes by acridine orange supravital staining: The summary report of the 5th collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMSMMS, Mutat. Res., 278, 83–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (1975). 2-Methyaziridine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 9, Lyon (France) pp. 61.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1976). Mitomycin C (MMC), in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 10, Lyon (France) pp. 171.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). Thiotepa, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 50, Lyon, (France) pp. 123.
   Google Scholar
• McGregor, D. B., A. Brown, P. Cattanach, I. Edwards, D. McBride, and W. J. Caspary (1988). Responses of the L5178Y tk+/tk- mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay. II. 18 coded chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 11, 91–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishidate, M., Jr., M. C. Harnois, and T. Sofuni (1988). A comparative analysis of data on the clastogenicity of 951 chemical substances tested in mammalian cell culture, Mutat. Res., 195, 151–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Epichlorohydrin, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 202.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1994). Propylene oxide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 60, Lyon (France) pp. 181.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1994). Styrene-7,8-oxide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 60, Lyon, (France) pp. 321.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1976). Diepoxybutane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 11, Lyon (France) pp. 175.
   Google Scholar
• Zeiger, E., B. Anderson, S. Haworth, T. Lawlor, and K. Mortelmans (1992). Salmonella mutagenicity tests. V. Results from the testing of 311 chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 21 (Suppl. 19), 2–141.
   Google Scholar
• Loveday, K. S., M. H. Lugo, M. A. Resnick, B. E. Anderson, and E. Zeiger (1989). Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange tests in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. II. Results with 20 chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 13, 60–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gold, L. S., T. H. Slone, B. R. Stern, and L. Bernstein (1993). Comparison of target organs of carcinogenicity for mutagenic and non-mutagenic chemicals, Mutat. Res., 286, 75–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cliet, I., C. Melcion, and A. Cordier (1993) A lack of predictivity of bone marrow micronucleus test versus testis micronucleus test: comparison with four carcinogens, Mutat. Res., 292, 105–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (1976). ß-Butyrolactone, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 11, Lyon (France) pp. 265.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). 1,3-Propane sultone, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, Lyon (France) pp. 253.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). ß-Propiolactone, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, Lyon (France) pp. 259.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Chlorambucil, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 144.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Melphalan, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 239.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Cyclophosphamide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 182.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), in: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 194.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). N-Methyl-N-nitro-N′-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), in: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 268.
   Google Scholar
• Shibuya, T., T. Murota, and K. Tutikawa (1982). Mouse spot tests with alkylnitrosoureas, Mutat. Res., 104, 311–315.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 191.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). N-Methyl-N-nitro-N′-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Over all Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 248.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine (DBN), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 51.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 83.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosodimethylamine (DMN), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 125.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosodiethanolamine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 77.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (DPN), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 177.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978) N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (DPN), in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp.221.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-nitrosomorpholine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 263.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosopiperidine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 287.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N-Nitrosopyrrolidine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 17, Lyon (France) pp. 313.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1992). Diethyl sulfate, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 54, Lyon (France) pp. 213.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Dimethyl sulfate, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 200.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), In: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No.C 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 191.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), In: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 263.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980) Busulfan (BUS), In: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 80.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, Lyon (France) pp. 245.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, Lyon (France) pp. 253.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). 1, 4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Myleran) (BUS), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, Lyon (France) pp. 247.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). Urethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 111.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). Dimethyl formamide, In: IARC Mono graphs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 47, Lyon (France) pp. 171.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). Methylthiouracil, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 53.
   Google Scholar
• Mavournin, K. H., D. H. Blakey, M. C. Cimino, M. F. Salamone, and J. A. Heddle (1990). The in vivo micronucleus assay in mammalian bone marrow and peripheral blood, a report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tax Program, Mutat. Res., 239, 29–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1994). Acrylamide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 60, Lyon (France) pp. 389.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Ethylene thiourea, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 207.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Acetamide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1-42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 389.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). Thioacetamide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, Lyon (France) pp. 77.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, R. S., J. E. Doos, and F. L. Rose (1982). Differential ability of Ambystoma tigtinum hepatic microsomes to produce mutagenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, Cancer Lett., 16, 33–41.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). 3, 3′-Dichlorobenzidine and its dihydrochloride, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 29, IARC, Lyon (France) pp. 238–256.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). Benzidine and its sulfate, hydrochloride and dihydrochloride, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 29, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 149.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). N,N′-Diacetylbenzidine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 16, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 293–399.
   Google Scholar
• Sugimura, T. (1982). Mutagens, carcinogens and tumor promoters in our daily food, Cancer, 49, 1970-1984.
   Google Scholar
• Felton, J. S., M. G. Knize, N. H. Shen, B. D. Andersen, L. F. Bjeldanes, and F. T. Hatch (1986). Identification of the mutagens in cooked beef, Environ. Health Perspect., 67, 17–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1993) MeIQx, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 56, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 93.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). IQ, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 56, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 165.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). PhIP, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 56, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 229.
   Google Scholar
• Sawada, S., T. Yamanaka, K. Yamatsu, C. Furihata, and T. Matsushima (1991). Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in rat liver induced in vivo by hepatocarcinogens including heterocyclic amines, Mutat. Res., 251, 59–69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sugimura, T. (1988). Successful use of short-term tests for academic purposes: their use in identification of new environmental carcinogens with possible risk for humans, Mutat. Res., 205, 33–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sugimura, T., S. Takayama, H. Ohgaki, K. Wakabayashi, and M. Nagao (1990). Mutagens and carcinogens formed by cooking meat and fish: hetero cyclic amines, In: P. A. Finot, H. U. Aeschbacher, R. F. Hurrell, and R. Liardon Eds., The Maillard Nutrition and Physiology, Birkhaeuser Verlag, Basel, pp. 323–334.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, J., G. Becher, and L. Busk (1989). Cooked food mutagens — a general overview, Var. Foda, 42 (Suppl. 2), 9–59.
   Google Scholar
• Overvik, E. and J. A. Gustafsson (1990). Cooked food mutagens: current knowledge of formation and biological significance, Mutagenesis, 5, 437–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esumi, H., H. Ohgaki, E. Kohzen, S. Takayama, and T. Sugimura (1989). Induction of lymphoma in CDF1 mice by the food mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 80, 1176–1178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weisburger, J. H., A. Rivernson, J. Reinhaedt, C. Aliaga, J. Braley, L. M. Dolan, G. M. Wiliams, E. Zang, D. G. Kingston, and M. Bashir (1994). Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in rats and mice of 2-amino-3, 6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo4,5-f. quinoline-7-one (IQ): an intestinal bacterial metabolite of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo4,5-f. quinoline (IQ), J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 86, 25–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagao, M. and T. Sugimura (1993). Carcinogenic factors in food with relevance to colon cancer development, Mutat. Res., 290, 43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl ether, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 29, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 203–212.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (XE “4,4′-Methylenedianiline” “Methylenedianiline”) and its dihydrochloride, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 39, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 347–365.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Auramine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1-42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 118.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). 4,4′-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 271–303.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). 4,4′-Thiodianiline, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 27, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 147–154.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). para-Chloroaniline, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 305.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). para-Chloro-ortho-toluidine and its strong acid salts, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 48, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 123–137.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). 4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine and 4-chloro-meta-phenylenediamine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 27, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 81–89.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). 2,4-Diaminotoluene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 16, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 83–95.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). 2,5-Diaminotoluene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 16, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 97.
   Google Scholar
• Mirsalis, J. C., C. K. Tyson, and B. E. Butterworth (1982). Detection of genotoxic carcinogens in the in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte DNA repair assay, Environ Mutagen., 4, 553–562.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyagawa, M., H. Takasawa, A. Sugiyama, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, Y. Uno, and K. Yoshikawa (1995). The in vivo-in vitro replicative DNA synthesis (RDS) test with hepatocytes prepared from male B6C3F1 mice as an early prediction assay for putative nongenotoxic (Ames-negative) mouse hepatocarcinogens, Mutat. Res., 343, 157–183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (1982). 2,4-Diaminoanisole and 2,4- diaminoanisole sulphate, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 27, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 103–117.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Aniline, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42., IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 99.
   Google Scholar
• Westmoreland, C. and D. G. Gatehouse (1991). Effects of aniline hydrochloride in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test after oral administration, Carcinogenesis, 12, 1057–1059.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (1993). 2,6-Dimethylaniline (2,6-Xylidine), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 323.
   Google Scholar
• Parton, J. W., J. E. Beyers, M. L. Garriott, and R. N. Tamura (1990). The evaluation of a multiple dosing protocol for the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus assay using benzidine and 2,6-xylidine, Mutat. Res., 234, 165–168.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). ortho-Toluidine and ortho-toluidine hydrochloride, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 27, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 155–175.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1980). Phenacetin, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 24, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 135.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). 2- Acetylaminofluorene (2AAF), In: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 18.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). 2-Naphthylamine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1-42., IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 261–263.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). 1-Naphthylamine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42., IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 260.
   Google Scholar
• Potot, H. C., III and Y. P. Dragan (1996). Chemical carcinogenesis, In: Klaassen, C. D. Ed. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology the Basic Science of Poisons, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 201–267.
   Google Scholar
• Ishidate, M. Jr, T. Sofuni, K. Yoshikawa, M. Hayashi, T. Nohmi, M. Sawada, and A. Matsuoka (1984). Primary mutagenicity screening of food additives currently used in Japan, Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 623–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). Magenta and CI Basic Red 9, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 215.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). Fast Green FCF, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 16, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 187.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). Magenta, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 57–64.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). Disperse Blue 1, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 48, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 139.
   Google Scholar
• Zeiger, E., B. Anderson, S. Haworth, T. Lawlor, K. Mortelmans, and W. Speck (1987). Salmonella mutagenicity tests, III. Results from the testing of 255 chemicals, Environ. Mutagen., 9 (Suppl. 9), 1–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Combes, R. D. and R. B. Haveland-Smith (1982). A review of the genotoxicity of food, drug and cosmetic colours and other azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes, Mutat. Res. 98. 101–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamone, M. F., J. A. Heddle and M. Katz (1987). Mutagenic activity of 41 compounds in the in vivo micronucleus test, In: F. J. de Serres and J. Ashby Eds., Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens, Elsevier, New York, pp. 686–697.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). p-Aminoazobenzene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1-42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 390.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). o-Aminoazotoluene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), 61.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 125–139.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). Dieperse Yellow 3, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 48, IARC, Lyon (France), 149.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Azobenzene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), 75.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). CI Pigment Red 3, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 259.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Sudan I, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 225.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Oil Orange SS, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 165.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Ponceau SX, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 207.
   Google Scholar
• Prival, M. J., S. J. Bell, V. D. Mitchell, M. D. Peiperl, and V. L. Vaughan (1984). Mutagenicity of benzidine and benzidine-congener dyes and selected monoazo dyes in a modified Salmonella assay, Mutat. Res., 136, 33–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Ponceau 3R, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 199.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Orange I, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 173.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Amaranth, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 41.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Orange G, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 181.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Sudan II, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 233.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Sudan III, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 241.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Sudan Red 7B, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 253.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Benzidine-based dyes, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 125.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). CI Direct Blue 15, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 235.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). CI Acid Red 114, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 57, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 247.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, J. A., W. J. Harris, and D. B. McGregor (1982) Mutagenicity of azo dyes in the Salmonella/ activation test, Carcinogenesis, 3, 21–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron T. J., P. E. Kirby, V. A. Fung, and V. C. Dunkel (1987). VC Mutagenic activity of 27 dyes and related chemicals in the Salmonella/microsome and mouse lymphoma TK+/- assays, Mutat. Res., 189, 223–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Evans Blue, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 151.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1975). Trypan Blue, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 8, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 267.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Dacarbazine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 184.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Phenazopyridine hydrochloride, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Mono graphs from Vols. 1-42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 312.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). AF-2 2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2- furyl)acrylamide., In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 31, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 47.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Methoronidazole, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 250.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. Ed. (1980). 4- Notroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), In: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 310.
   Google Scholar
• CSGMT (1986). Sex difference in the micronucleus test. The Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test, Mutat. Res., 172, 151–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takahashi, K., Y. Kawazoe, M. Tada, M. N. Ito, and M. Okada (1978). Carcinogenicity of 4-nitrosoquinoline 1 -oxide and its possible role in carcinogenesis by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, Gann, 69, 499–505.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitano, M., H. Hatano, and H. Shisa (1992). Strain difference of susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced tongue carcinoma in rats, Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 83, 843–50.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). 1,8-Dinitropyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 46, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 231.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). 1,6-Dinitropyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 46, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 215.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). 1,3-Dinitropyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 46, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 201.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). 1-Nitropyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 46, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 321.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). 2-Nitrofluorene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 46, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 277.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). Chloramphenicol, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 50, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 169.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1978). 5-Nitroacenaphthene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 16, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 379.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). Nitrofen, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 30, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 271.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1991). Chlorodibromomethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 52, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 243.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Dichloromethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 194.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Carbon tetrachloride, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, TARC, Lyon (France), pp. 143.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Chloroform, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 152.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 191.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Ethylene dibromide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 204.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1979). 1,2-Dichloroethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 20, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 429.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Hexachlorocyclohexanes, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 204.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1979). Hexachloroethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 20, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 467.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). Pentachloroethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 41, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 99.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol 41, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 87.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 354.
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., H. Imanishi, M. Watanabe, A. Sekiguchi, M. Moriya, Y. Shirasu, and K. Tutikawa (1986). Mutagenicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the mouse spot test, Mutat. Res., 174, 145–147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Søderlund, E. J., M. Låg, J. A. Holme, G. Brunborg, J. G. Omichinski, J. E. Dahl, S. D. Nelson, and E. Dybing (1990). Species differences in kidney necrosis and DNA damage, distribution and glutathione-dependent metabolism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), Pharmacol. Toxicol., 66, 287–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Låg, M, E. J. Søderlund, G. Brunborg, J. E. Dahl, J. A. Holme, J. G. Omichinski, S. D. Nelson, and E. Dybing (1989). Species differences in testicular necrosis and DNA damage, distribution and metabolism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), Toxicology, 58, 133–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arfellini, G., S. Bartoli, A. Colacci, M. Mazzulo, M. C. Galli, G. Prodi and S. Grilli (1984) In vivo and in vitro binding of 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2- dichloroethane to macromolecules in rat and mouse organs, J. Cancer Res. Cln. Oncol., 108, 204–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). 1,3-Dichloropropene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 41, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 113.
   Google Scholar
• ARC (1986). Vinyl bromide, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 39, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 133.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1995) Tetrachloroethylene, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 63, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 159.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1995). Trichloroethylene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 63, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 75.
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., H. Imanishi, M. Watanabe, T. Ohta, Y. Shirasu, and T. Tutikawa (1986) Mutagenicity evaluation of pesticides in the mouse spot test, Annual Meeting of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (Tokyo).
   Google Scholar
• Kevekordes, S., T. Gebel, K. Pav, R. Edenharder, and H. Dunkelberg (1996). Genotoxicity of selected pesticides in the mouse bone-marrow micronulceus test and in the sister-chromatid exchange test with human lymphocytes in vitro, Toxicol. Lett., 89, 35–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1991). Captafol, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 53, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 353.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Bis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade), in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 59.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1991). Dichlorvos, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 53, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 353.
   Google Scholar
• Meier, J. R., W. F. Blazak, R. B. Knohl (1987). Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3-chloro-4- (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-25H-furanone: a potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 10, 411–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Aldrin, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 88.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1991). Chlordane and heptachlor, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 53, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 115.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Dieldrin, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 196.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1995). Trichloroacetic acid, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 63, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 291.
   Google Scholar
• Komulainen, H. V. M. Kosma, S. L. Vaittinen, T. Vartiainen, E. Kaliste Korhonen, S. Ljen, R. K. Tuominen, and J. Tuomisto (1997). Carcinogenicity of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4- (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in the rat, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 89, 848–856.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (1991). DDT and associated compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 53, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 179.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby J. and D. Paton (1993). The influence of chemical structure on the extent and sites of carcinogenesis for 522 rodent carcinogens and 55 different human carcinogen exposures, Mutat. Res., 286, 3–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). ortho-Dichlorobenzene and para-dichlorobenzene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 192.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Hexachlorobenzene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 219.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Chlorophenols, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 154.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Pentachlorophenol, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 53, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 371.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 322.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Diethylstilboestrol (DES), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1-42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 273.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Oestrogens, nonsteroidal, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 273.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Oestrogens, steroidal, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 280.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Androgenic steroid, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 96.
   Google Scholar
• Gold, L. S., T. H. Slone, B. R. Stern. and L. Bernstein (1993). Comparison of target organs of carcinogenicity for mutagenic and non-mutagenic chemicals, Mutat. Res., 286, 75–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Hydrazine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), 223–224.
   Google Scholar
• MacCann, J. E., E. Choi, E. Yamasaki, and B. N. Ames (1975) Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 5135–5139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCann, J. and B. N. Ames (1976). Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals: discussion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 73, 950–954.
   Google Scholar
• Ishidate, M., Jr. Ed. (1987). Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Tests in vitro, L.I.C. Inc., Tokyo, pp. 141.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, I. P. and R. L. Dixon (1978). Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of procarbazine, Mutat. Res., 55, 1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (1974). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 145.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1974). 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 137.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Cisplatin, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 170.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). Chromium and chromium compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 49, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 49.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Arsenic and arsenic compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 100.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). Cadmium and cadmium compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 58, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 119.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1990). Nickel and nickel compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 49, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 257.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Lead and lead compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 230.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1993). Beryllium and beryllium compounds, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 58, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 41.
   Google Scholar
• Tice, R. R., J. W. Yager, P. Andrews, and E. Crecelius (1997). Effect of hepatic methyl donor status on urinary excretion and DNA damage in B6C3F1 mice treated with sodium arsenite, Mutatio Res., 386, 315–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1983) Benz [a] anthracene, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 32, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 135.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). Benzo[a]pyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 32, IARC, Lyon (France), pp.211.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). Benzo[j] fluoranthene, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 32, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 155.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). Benzo[b]fluoranthene, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 32, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. ?.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). Benzo[e]pyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 32, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 225.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). Pyrene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 32, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 431.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate Jr. Ed. (1980). 7,12- Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), in: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 160.
   Google Scholar
• Akamatsu, Y. (1975). Neoplasms in strains of splenectomized mice after a single 7, 12- dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene treatment, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 55, 893–897.
   Google Scholar
• Parkinson, A. (1996). Biotransformation of xenobiotics, In: Klaassen, C. D., Ed. Casarett and Douli's Toxicology the Basic Science of Poisons, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 113–186
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1995). Benzfuran, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 63, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 431.
   Google Scholar
• Hastie, A. C. and S. G. Georgopoulos (1971). Mutational resistance to fungitoxic benzimidazole derivatives in Aspergillus nudulans, J. Gen. Microbiol., 67, 371–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seiler, J. P. (1972). Mutagenicity of benzimidazole and benzimidazole derivatives, I. Forward and reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium caused by benzimidazole and some its derivatives, Mutat. Res., 15, 273–276.
   Google Scholar
• Kappas, A., S. G. Georgopoulos, and A. C. Hastie (1974). On the genetic activity of benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides on diploid Aspergillus nudulans, Mutat. Res., 26, 17–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ogata, A., H. Ando, K. Kubo, and K. Hiraga, Teratogenicity of thiabendazole in ICR mice, Food Chem. Tocxicol., 22, 509–520.
   Google Scholar
• Seiler, J. P. (1972). The mutagenicity of benzimidazole compounds, Mutat. Res., 32, 151–168.
   Google Scholar
• Seiler, J. P. (1976). The mutagenicity of benzimidazole derivatives, VI. Cytogenetic effects of benzimidazole derivatives in the bone marrow of the mouse and in the Chinese hamster, Mutat. Res., 40, 339–348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mundry de Pargament, M. D., M. Labal de Vinuesa and I. Larripa (1987). Mutagenic bioassay of certain pharmacological drugs, I. Thiabendazole (TBZ), Mutat. Res., 188, 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• von Borstel, R. C. and J. A. Higgins (1998). Janus carcinogens and mutagens, Mutat. Res., 402, 321–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1985). Acetaldehyde, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 36, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 101.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Acrylonitrile, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 79.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986) Ethyl acrylate, in: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 39, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 81.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). 2-Nitropropane, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 29, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 331.
   Google Scholar
• Deng, X. S., J. Tuo, H. E. Poulsen, and S. Loft (1997). 2-Nitropropane-induced DNA damage in rat bone marrow, Mutation Res., 391, 165–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate Jr. Ed. (1980). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 282.
   Google Scholar
• Urban, H. (1976). Tumorigenicity of trinitrosotrimethylene triamine dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Arch. Geschwulstforsch, 46, 657–662.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1976). Daunomycin, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 10, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 145.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 40, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 123.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 40, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 161.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1989). Phenol, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 47, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 263.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1983). ortho-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 30, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 329.
   Google Scholar
• Pathak, D. N. and D. Roy (1993) In vivo genotoxicity of sodium o-phenylphenol: phenylbenzoquinone is one of the DNA-binding metabolite(s) of sodium o- phenylphenol, Mutat. Res., 286, 309–319.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Benzene, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 120.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). Benzyl acetate, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 40, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 109.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1982). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 29, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 269.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1995). Formaldehyde, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 62, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 217.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Bleomycins, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 134.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1977). 8-Hydeoxyquinoline, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 13, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 101.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Phenobarbital, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 313.
   Google Scholar
• Gocke, E., M. T. King, K. Echhardt, and D. Wild (1981). Mutagenicity of cosmetics ingredients licensed by the European Communities, Mutat. Res., 90, 91–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). 1,4-Dioxian, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 201.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1995). Fulfural, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 63, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 409.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Caprolactam, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 390.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). 5-Fluorouracil, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 210.
   Google Scholar
• Kada, T. and M. Ishidate Jr. Ed. (1980). Cytarabine, In: Environmental Mutagens Data Book No. 1, Scientist Inc., Tokyo, pp. 118.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1986). Potassium bromate, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenesis Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 40, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 207.
   Google Scholar
• IARC (1987). Tobacco smoke, In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement 7, Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity, An Updating of IARC Monographs from Vols. 1–42, IARC, Lyon (France), pp. 359.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. K., B. G. Brown, E. A. Reed, G. D. Lowe, S. C. McKarns, C. W. Fulp, C. R. Coggins, P. H. Ayres, and D. J. Boolittle (1990). Analysis of cytogenetic effects in bone marrow cells of rats subcuronically exposed to smoke cigarettes which bum or only heat tabacco, Mutat. Res., 240, 251–257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyamae, Y., K. Zaizen, K. Ohara, Y. Mine, and Y. F. Sasaki (1997). Detection of DNA lesions induced by chemical mutagens by the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay: I. Relationship between the onset of DNA damage and the characteristics of mutagens, Mutat. Res., 393, 99–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyamae, Y., K. Iwasaki, N. Kinae, S. Tsuda, M. Murakami, M. Tanaka, and Y. F. Sasaki (1997). Detection of DNA lesions induced by chemical mutagens using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay: II. Relationship between DNA migration and alkaline condition, Mutat. Res., 393, 107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ames, B. N., M. K. Shigenaga, and L. S. Gold (1993). DNA lesions, inducible DNA repair, and cell division: three key factors in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, Environ. Health Perspect., 101 (Suppl. 5), 35–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennant, R. W. and E. Zeiger (1993). Genetic toxicology: current status of methods of carcinogen identification, Environ. Health Perspect., 100, 307–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi, M., S. Sutou, H. Shimada, S. Sato, Y. F. Sasaki, and A. Wakata (1989). Difference between intraperitoneal and oral gavage application in the micronucleus test: the 3rd collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMS.MMS. Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test/Mammalian Mutagenesis Study Group of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan, Mutat. Res., 223, 329–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albanse, R., E. Mirkova, D. Gatehouse, and J. Ashby (1988). Species-specific response to the rodent carcinogens 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 1,2-dibromo-3- chloropropane in rodent bone marrow micronucleus assay, Mutagenesis, 3, 35–38.
   Google Scholar
• Shelby, M. D., G. L. Erexson, G. J. Hook, and R. R. Tice (1993). Evaluation of a three-exposure mouse bone marrow micronucleus protocol: results with 49 chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 21, 160–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, Z., M. D. Brezzell, S. K. Das, M. C. Espadas-Torre, B. H. Hooberman, and J. E. Sinsheimer (1993). ortho-Substituent effects on the in vivo genotoxicity of benzidine derivatives, Mutat. Res., 319, 19–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrisman, C. L. and A. P. Baumgartner (1979). Cytogenetic effects of diethylstilbestrol-diphosphate (DES-dp) on mouse bone marrow monitored by the micronucleus test, Mutat. Res., 67, 157–160.
   Google Scholar
• Pylkken, L., K. Jahnukainen, M. Parvinen, and R. Santti (1991). Testicular toxicity and mutagenicity of steroidal and non-steroidal estrogens in the male mouse, Mutat. Res, 261, 181–191.
   Google Scholar
• Hayashi, M., S. Honda, and M. Watanabe (1981). Micronucleus test with synthesized food colours, Annu. Rep. Toyama Instit. Health, 4, 265–267.
   Google Scholar
• Schop, R. N., M. H. Hardy, and M. T. Goldberg (1990). Comparison of the activity of topically applied pesticides and the herbicide 2,4-D in two short-term in vivo assays of genotoxicity in the mouse, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 15, 666–675.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chieli, E., F. Aliboni, M. Saviozzi, and G. Malvaldi (1987). Induction of micronucleated erythrocytes by primary thioamides and their metabolites in the mouse, Mutat. Res., 192, 141–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cihak, R. and M. Vontorkova (1990). Activity of acrylamide in single-, double-, and triple-dose mouse micronucleus assays, Mutat. Res., 234, 125–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirkhart, B. (1981). Micronucleus test on 21 compounds, In: F. J. de Serres and J. Ashby Eds. Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens, Elsevier, New York, pp. 698–704.
   Google Scholar
• Przybojewska, B., E. Dziubaltowska, and Z. Kowalski (1984). Genotoxic effects of ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate in the mouse evaluated by the micronucleus test, Mutat. Res., 135, 189–191.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J. C. R. Richardson, and H. Tinwell (1989). Inactivity of ethyl acrylate in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, Mutagenesis, 4, 283–285.
   Google Scholar
• Nandan, S. D. and M. S. Rao (1981) A study on the mutagenicity of phenobarbital using the micronucleus test in Swiss mice, IRCS Med. Sci., 9, 937–938.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce, W. R. and J. A. Heddle (1979). The mutagenoc activity of 61 agents as determined by the micronucleus test, Salmonella, and sperm abnormality assays, Int. J. Cancer, 9. 435–451.
   Google Scholar
• Mohtashamipur, E., R. Triebel, H. Straeter, and K. Norpoth (1987). The bone marrow clastogenicity of eight halogenated benzenes in NMRI mice, Mutagenesis, 2, 111–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirkova, E. (1990). Activity of the human carcinogens benzidine and 2-naphthylamine in triple-and single-dose mouse bone marrow micronucleus assays: results for a combined test protocol, Mutat. Res., 234, 161–163.
   Google Scholar
• Vijayalaxmi, R., R. Tice, and G. H. S. Strauss (1992). Assessment of radiation-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes using single cell gel electrophoresis technique, Mutat. Res., 271, 243–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. G., M. C. Madden, W. Reed, K. Adler, and R. Devlin (1996). The use of the single cell gel electrophoresis assay in detecting DNA single strand breaks in lung cells in vitro, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 141, 195–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JEMS.MMS (1996). Meeting abstract. Annual Meeting of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (Tokyo).
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., T. Itoh, M. Hayashi, Y. Nishikawa, S. Ikezaki, F. Furukawa, M. Takahashi, and T. Sofuni (1996). Organ variation in the mutagenicity of dimethylnitrosamine in Big Blue mice, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 28, 348–353.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., M. Hayashi, M. Ochiai, K. Wakabayashi, T. Ushijima, T. Sugimura, M. Nagao, and T. Sofuni (1996). Organ variation in the mutagenicity of MeIQ in Big Blue ™ lacI transgenic mice, Mutat. Res., 369, 45–49.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, A. M., N. J. Gooderham, and A. R. Boobis (1996). Organ distinctive mutagenicity in MutaMouse after short-term exposur to PhIP, Mutagenesis, 11, 505–509.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J., P. A. Lefevre, H. Tinwell, G. Brunborg, P. Schmezer, B. Pool-Zobel, R. Shanu-Wilson, J. A. Holme, E. J. Soderlund, D. Gulati, and J. P. Wojciechowski (1991). The non-genotoxicity to rodents of the potent bladder carcinogens o-anisidine and p-cresidine, Mutat. Res., 250, 115–133.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J., J. M. Short, N. J. Jones, P. A. Lefevre, G. S. Provost, B. J. Rogers, E. A. Martin, J. M. Parry, K. Burnette, B. J. Glickman, and H. Tinwell (1994). Mutagenicity of o-anisidine to the bladder of lacI-transgenic B6C3F1 mice: absence of 14C or 32p bladder DNA adduction, Carcinogenesis, 15, 2291–2296.
   Google Scholar
• Hayward, J. J., B. S. Shane, K. R. Tindall and M. L. Cunningham (1995). Differential in vivo mutagenicity of the carcinogen/non-carcinogen pair 2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluene, Carcinogenesis, 16, 2429–2433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., S. Itoh, M. Nakajima, N. Hacjiya, and T. Hara (1999). Target organ and time-course in the mutagenicity of the five carcinogens in Muta™ Mouse: a summary report of the second collaborative study by of the transgenic mouse mutation assay by JEMS/MMS, Mutat. Res., 444, 259–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunborg, G., E. J. Søderlund, J. A. Halme, and E. Dybing (1996). Organ-specific and transplacental DNA damage and its repair in treated with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, Chem.-Biol. Interact., 101, 33–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. A. Belitsky, T. A. Lycheva, I. A. Khitrovo, R. D. Safaev, V. S. Zhurkov, I. F. Vyskubenko, L. P. Sytshova, O. G. Salamatova, E. G. Feldt, V. V. Khudoley, E. M. Mizgirev, E. M. Khovanova, E. G. Uginivenko, T. B. Tanirbergerov, K. I. Malinovskaya, Yu. A. Revazova, F. I. Ingel, V. A. Bratlavsky, A. B. Terentyev, A. A. Shapiro, and G. M. Williams (1994). Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of 1,2-dibromopropane and 1,1,3-tribromopropane in comparison to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, Cell Biol. Toxicol., 10, 265–279.
   Google Scholar
• Ghia, M., L. Robbiano, A. Allavena, A. Martelli, and G. Brambilla (1993). Genotoxic activity of 1,3- dichloropropane in a battery of in vivo short-term tests, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 120, 120–125.
   Google Scholar
• Brabbilla, G., M. Cavanna, S. Parodi, L. Sciaba, A. Pino, and L. Robbaiano (1978). DNA damage in liver, colon, stomach, lung and kidney of BALB/c mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, Int. J. Cancer, 22, 174–180.
   Google Scholar
• Zhurkov, V. S., L. P. Sycheva, O. Salamatova, I. F. Vyskubenko, E. G. Feldt, and N. I. Sherenesheva (1996). Selective induction of micronuclei in the rat/mouse colon and liver by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine: a seven-tissue comparative study, Mutat. Res., 368, 115–120.
   Google Scholar
• Hakura, A., Y. Tsutsui, J. Sonoda, J. Kai, T. Imade, M. Shimada, Y. Sugihara, and T. Mikami (1998). Comparison between in vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in multiple organs by benzo[a]pyrene in the lacZ transgenic mouse (Muta Mouse), Mutat. Res., 398, 123–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, S. M., A. D. Bloom, M. Resnick, B. H. Margolin, F. Nakamura, P. Archer, and E. Zeiger (1985). Development of a standard protocol for in vitro cytogenetic testing with Chinese hamster ovary cells: comparison of results for 22 compounds in two laboratories, Environ. Mutagen., 1985, 7, 1–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galloway, S. M., M. J. Armstrong, C. Reuben, S. Colman, B. Brown, C. Cannon., A. D. Bloom, F. Nakamura, M. Ahmed, S. Duk, J. Rimpo, B. H. Margolin, M. A. Resnick, B. Anderson, and E. Zeiger (1987). Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells: evaluations of 108 chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 10 (Suppl. 10), 1–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y. F., H. Yamada, K. Shimoi, N. Kinae, I. Tomita, H. Matsumura, T. Ohta, and Y. Shirasu (1992). Enhancing effects of heterocyclic amines and ß-carbolines on the induction of chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian cells, Mutat. Res., 269, 79–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au, W. and T. C. Hsu (1979). Studies on the clastogenic effects of biologic stains and dyes, Environ. Mutagen., 1, 27–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki, T., M. Hayashi, T. Sofuni, and B. C. Myhr (1993). The concomitant detection of gene mutation and micronucleus induction by mitomycin C in vivo using lacZ transgenic mice, Mutat. Res., 285, 219–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brooks, T. M., S. W. Dean, and D. J. Kirkland (1995). The detection of gene mutation in transgenic mice (Muta Mouse) following administration of known mutagens (Meeting abstract), Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 25 (Suppl 25), 6.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., M. Hayashi, X. Wang, K. Yamamoto K, T. Ono, B. C. Myhr, and T. Sofuni (1997). A comparison of the genotoxicity of ethylnitrosourea and ethyl methanesulfonate in lacZ transgenic mice (Muta Mouse), Mutat. Res., 395, 75–82.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, T. M. and S. W. Dean (1996). Detection of gene mutation in skin, stomach and liver of MutaMouse following oral or topical treatment with N-methyl-N′- nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 1-chloromethylpyrene: some preliminary observations, Mutagenesis, 11, 529–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth, B. E., M. V. Templin, A. A. Constan, C. S. Sprankle, B. A. Wong, L. J. Pluta, J. I. Everitt, and L. Recio (1998). Long-term mutagenicity studies with chloroform and dimethylnitrosamine in female lacI transgenic B6C3F1 mice, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31, 248–256.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liegibel, U. M., P. Schmezer P, R. G. Klein, F. Kuchenmeister, and H. Bartsch (1998). Tissue-specific induction of mutations in transgenic mice after dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) inhalation (Meeting abstract), Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 25 (Suppl 25), 30.
   Google Scholar
• Bolognesi, C., C. F. Cesarone, and L. Santi (1981). Evaluation of DNA damage by alkaline elution technique after in vivo treatment with aromatic amines, Carcinogenesis, 2 265–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, C. D., E. J. Dacquel, H. A. Schut, S. S. Thorgeirsson, and E. G. Snyderwine (1996). In vivo mutagenicity and DNA adduct levels of heterocyclic amines in Muta Mice and c-myc/lacZ double transgenic mice, Mutat. Res., 356, 287–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parodi, S. M. Pala, P. Russo, A. Zunino, C. Balbi, A. Albini, F. Valerio, M. R. Cimberle and L. Santi (1982). DNA damage in liver, kidney, bone marrow, and spleen of rats and mice treated with commercial and purified aniline as determined by alkaline elution as say and sister chromatid exchange induction, Cancer Res., 42, 2277–2283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, G. R., J. D. Gingerich, and L. M. Soper (1995). Non-mutagenicity of l, l-trichloroethylene (TCE) and hydrazine sulfate (HS) in lung, liver and bone marrow of lacZ transgenic mice (Meeting abstract), Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 25 (Suppl. 25), 13.
   Google Scholar
• Shephard, S. E., C. Sengstag, W. K. Lutz, and C. Schlatter (1993). Mutations in liver DNA of lacI transgenic mice (Big Blue) following subchronic exposure to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF), Mutat. Res., 302, 91–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolognesi, C. M. R. Mariani, and L. C. Boffa (1988). Target tissue DNA damage in inbred mouse strains with different susceptibility to the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, Carcinogenesis, 9 1347–1350.
   Google Scholar
• Itoh, S. and H. Shimada (1998). Bone marrow and liver mutagenesis in lacZ transgenic mice treated with hexavalent chromium, Mutat. Res., 412, 63–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolognesi, C., L. Rossi, O. Barbieri, and L. Santi (1985). Benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage in mouse fetal tissues, Carcinogenesis, 6, 1091–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, B. S., A. M. Lockhart, G. W. Winston, and K. R. Tindall (1997). Mutant frequency of lacI in transgenic mice following benzo[a]pyrene treatment and partial hepatectomy, Mutat. Res., 377, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Skopek, T. R., K. L. Kort, D. R. Marino, L. V. Mittal, D. R. Umbenhauer, G. M. Laws, and S. P. Adams (1996). Mutagenic response of the endogenous hprt gene and lacI transgene in benzo[a]pyrene-treated Big BlueB6C3F1 mice, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 28, 376–384.
   Google Scholar
• Monroe, J. J., K. L. Kart, J. E. Miller, D. R. Marino, and T. R. Skopek (1998). A comparative study of in vivo mutation assays: analysis of hprt, lacI, cII/cI and as mutational targets for N-nitroso-N-methylurea and benzo[a]pyrene in Big Blue mice, Mutat. Res., 421, 121–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parodi, S., M. Taningher, M. Pala, and L. Santi (1981). Alkaline DNA fragmentation in vivo: borderline or negative results obtained, respectively, with 7, 12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benzo[a]pyrene, Tumori., 67, 87–93.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, E. W. and C. D. Garner (1991). Effects of benzene on DNA strand breaks in vivo versus benzene metabolite-induced DNA strand breaks in vitro in mouse bone marrow cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 108, 497–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provost, G. S., J. C. Mirsalis, B. J. Rogers, and J. M. Short (1996). Mutagenic response to benzene and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate in the lambda lacI transgenic mouse mutation assay: a standardized approach to in vivo mutation analysis, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 28, 342–347.
   Google Scholar
• Suter, W. F. Staedtler, F. Poetter-Locher, T. Swingler and L. Wilson (1998). 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediemine: a 26-week oral (in feed) mutagenicity study in Big Blue mice, Mutat. Res., 414, 149–156.
   Google Scholar
• Olive, P. L., D. Wlodek, R. E. Durand, and J. P. Banath (1992). Factors influencing DNA migration from individual cells subjected to gel electrophoresis, Exp. Cell Res., 198, 259–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfuhler, S. and H. U. Wolf (1996). Detection of DNA-crosslinking agents with the alkaline comet assay, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 27, 196–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krebs, O and J. Favor (1997). Somatic and germ cell mutagenesis in lambda lacZ transgenic mice treated with acrylamide or ethylnitrosourea, Mutat. Res., 388, 239–248
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsuda, S., N. Matsusaka, H. Madarame, S. Ueno, N. Susa, K. Ishida, N. Kawamura, K. Sekihashi, and Y. F. Sasaki (2000) The comet assay in eight mouse organs: Results with 24 azo compounds, Mutat. Res., 465, 11–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuda, S., N. Matsusaka, S. Ueno, N. Susa, and Y. F. Sasaki (2000) The influence of antioxidants on cigarette smoke-induced DNA single strand breaks in mouse organs: a preliminary study with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, Toxicol. Sci., 54, 104–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuda, S., N. Matsusaka, H. Madarame, Y. Miyamae, K. Ishida, M. Satoh, K. Sekihashi, and Y. F. Sasaki (2000) The comet assay with mouse eight organs: results with 22 mono-functional alkylating agents (including 9 dialkyl N-nitrosoamines) and 10 DNA crosslinkers, Mutat. Res., 467, 83–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekihashi, K., Y. F. Sasaki, T. Maeda, K. Kawamura, T. Ikka, N. Matsusaka, and S. Tsuda, A comparison of intraperitoneal and oral gavage administration in comet assay in mouse eight organs, submitted to Mutat. Res.
   Google Scholar
• http://ifpma.org/ichl.html).
   Google Scholar
• ICH (1995). Topic 2A Genotoxicity; Guidance on specific aspect of regulatory genotoxicity testing of pharmaceuticals, International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Step 4 Guidline (see Web site http://ifpma.org/ichl.html).
   Google Scholar
• Madle, S., S. W. Dean, U. Andrae, G. Brambilla, B. Burlinson, D. J. Doolittle, C. Hertner, C. A. McQueen, and H. Mori, (1994). Recommendations for the performance of UDS tests in vitro and in vivo. Mutat. Res. 312, 263–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tweats, D. J. (1994). Follow-up of in vitro positive results. In: P. F. D. Arcy and D. W.G. Harron Eds. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH 2), Greystoke Books Ltd., N. Ireland, pp. 240–244.
   Google Scholar
• Tice, R. R., E. Agurell, D. Anderson, B. Burlinson, A. Hartmann, H. Kobayashi, Y. Miyamae, E. Rojas, J-C. Ryu, and Y. F. Sasaki (2000). The Single Cell Gel/Comet Assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing, Environ. Mol. Mutag. 35, 206–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar