948
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

History of knowledge and evolution of occupational health and regulatory aspects of asbestos exposure science: 1900–1975

, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 286-316 | Received 20 Jan 2016, Accepted 04 Nov 2016, Published online: 22 Mar 2017

References

  • ACGIH. 1946a. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Conferences of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; 1946 Apr 7–13; Chicago (IL): American Conferences of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • ACGIH. 1946b. Report of the sub-committee on threshold limits. Ann Am Conf Ind Hyg. 9:343–480.
  • ACGIH. 1951. Industrial ventilation: a manual of recommended practice for design. 1st ed. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • ACGIH. 1953. Transactions of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the American Conferences of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Los Angeles, California; 1953 Apr 18–21; Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • ACGIH. 1955. Report of the committee on thresholds limits. In:Transactions of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; 1955 Apr 23–26; Buffalo, NY: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH); p. 44–46.
  • ACGIH. 1961. Transactions of the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Detroit, Michigan; 1961 Apr 9–12; Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • ACGIH. 1964. Report of the sub-committee on threshold limits. Ann Am Conf Ind Hyg. 9:343–480.
  • ACGIH. 1966. Air sampling instruments for evaluation of atmospheric contaminants. 3rd ed. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
  • ACGIH. 1968. Transactions of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: St. Louis, Missouri; 1968 May 12–14; Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • ACGIH. 1974a. TLVs threshold limit values for chemical substances in workroom air adopted by ACGIH for 1974. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH).
  • ACGIH. 1974b. TLVs threshold limit values for chemical substances in workroom air adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for 1973. J Occup Med. 16:39–49.
  • ACGIH. 1978a. TLVs Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical agents in the workroom environment with intended changes for 1978. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
  • ACGIH. 1978b. Transactions Of The Fortieth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Los Angeles, CA; 1978 May 7–12; Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • ACGIH. 1980. Documentation of the threshold limit values. 4th ed. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
  • ACGIH. 2001. Chronology of the ACGIH TLVs for asbestos. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
  • AIHA. 1957. Hygienic guide series: asbestos. Akron (OH): American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA).
  • Air Hygiene Foundation. 1941. Digest of industrial hygiene. January. Pittsburgh (PA): Air Hygiene Foundation.
  • Alden JL. 1939. Design of industrial exhaust systems. 1st ed. New York: The Industrial Press.
  • Asbestos Worker Journal. 1969–1972. Insulation Hygiene Progress Reports, vols 1–4.
  • ASTM. 1952a. ASTM designation: D 299-52T, tentative specifications and methods of test for asbestos yarns. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ASTM. 1952b. ASTM designation: D 375-52, standard specifications and methods of test for asbestos roving for electrical purposes. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ASTM. 1952c. ASTM designation: D 577-52, standard methods of testing woven asbestos cloth. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ASTM. 1952d. ASTM designation: D 628-52, standard methods of testing asbestos tubular sleeving. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ASTM. 1956a. ASTM designation: C 298-56, standard specifications for cellular asbestos paper thermal insulation for pipes. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ASTM. 1956b. ASTM designation: C 299-56, standard specifications for laminated asbestos thermal insulation for pipes. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ASTM. 1956c. ASTM designation: D 250-56, standard specification for asphalt-saturated asbestos felts for use in waterproofing and in constructing built-up roofs. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing Materials.
  • ATSDR. 2001. Toxicological Profile for Asbestos. September 2001. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
  • Auribault M. 1906. Sur l'hygiene et la securite des ouvriers dans les filatures et tissages d'amiante. Bull De L'Inspection Du Travail Quatorzieme Annee. 120–132.
  • Aust AE, Cook PM, Dodson RF. 2011. Morphological and chemical mechanisms of elongated mineral particle toxicities. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 14:40–75.
  • Ayer H. 1969. The proposed ACGIH mass limits for quartz: review and evaluation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 30:117–125.
  • Ayer HE, Lynch JR, Fanney JH. 1965. A comparison of impinger and membrane filter techniques for evaluating air samples in asbestos plants. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 132:274–287.
  • Baetjer AM. 1984. The early days of industrial hygiene: their contribution to current problems. Ann Am Conf Ind Hyg. 9:15–20.
  • Balzer JL. 1968. Industrial hygiene for insulation workers. J Occup Med. 10:25–31.
  • Balzer JL, Cooper WC. 1968. The work environment of insulating workers. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 29:222–227.
  • Bartrip P. 1998. Too little, too late? The home office and the asbestos industry regulations, 1931. Med Hist. 42:421–438.
  • Bayer SG, Zumwalde RD, Brown TA. 1969. Equipment and procedure for mounting millipore filters and counting asbestos fibers by phase contrast microscopy. Cincinnati (OH): Bureau of Occupational Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare.
  • Berman DW, Crump KS. 2008. A meta-analysis of asbestos-related cancer risk that addresses fiber size and mineral type. Crit Rev Toxicol. 38 (Suppl 1):49–73.
  • Bloomfield JJ. 1938. Development of industrial hygiene in the United States. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 28:1388–1397.
  • Bloomfield JJ, Dallavalle JM. (1935). The Determination and Control of Industrial Dust. Public Health Bulletin No. 217. Washington (DC): U.S. Treasury Department, Public Health Service.
  • Bloomfield JJ, Trasko VM, Sayers RR, Page RT, Peyton MF, Gafafer WM, P, BH, Frasier ES. 1940. A preliminary survey of the industrial hygiene problem in the United States. Public health bulletin no. 259. Washington (DC): United States Government Printing Office.
  • BOHS 1968. Hygiene standards for chrysotile asbestos dust. Ann Occup Hyg. 11:47–69.
  • Bonsib RS. 1937. Dust Producing operations in the production of petroleum products and associated activities. New Jersey: Standard Oil Company.
  • Bowditch M. 1949. Industrial health programs pay dividends. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q. 10:97–100.
  • Bradshaw D. 1971. Insulation contractors call for “Good Housekeeping”. Insulat Hyg Progress Rep. 3:1–2.
  • Brandt AD. 1947. Industrial health engineering. New York: Wiley.
  • Brandt AD. 1951. Trends in Industrial Hygiene. American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly. 12:9–14.
  • Braun DC, Truan TD. 1958. An epidemiological study of lung cancer in asbestos miners. AMA Arch Ind Health. 17:634–653.
  • Brodeur P. 1968. A reporter at large. The magic mineral. The New Yorker, 1968 Oct 12, p. 117.
  • Brodeur P. 1974. Expendable americans. New York: Viking Press.
  • Brown E. 1941. Industrial hygiene and the Navy in national defense. War Med. 1:3–14.
  • Brown V. 1948. Memorandum from Vandiver Brown to Mr. Ernest Muehleck, dated April 30, 1948.
  • Calabrese EJ. 2014. Dose-response: a fundamental concept in toxicology. In: Hayes AW, Kruger, CL, editors. Hayes' principles and methods of toxicology, 6th ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; p. 89–140.
  • Cartier P. 1952. Re: Cases of carcinoma of the lungs detected among 4000 asbestos workers 1940–1950. Arch Ind Hyg. 5:262–263.
  • Case BW. 2008. From Cotton-Stone to the New York Conference: asbestos-related diseases 1878-1965. In: Craighead JE, Gibbs AR, editors. Asbestos and its diseases. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 3–22.
  • Castleman BI, Berger SL. 2005. Asbestos: medical and legal aspects. 5th ed. New York: Aspen Publishers.
  • Castleman BI, Ziem GE. 1988. Corporate influence on threshold limit values. Am J Ind Med. 13:531–559.
  • CIAC. 1936. Dusts, fumes, vapors and gases: safety orders. Effective, 1936 Dec 28. Sacramento (CA): California Industrial Accident Commission (CIAC).
  • CIAC. 1939. Dusts, fumes, vapors, and gases: safety orders. Sacramento (CA): Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Industrial Safety, State of California, California Industrial Accident Commission (CIAC).
  • Clark WI, Drinker P. 1935. Industrial medicine. New York: National Medical Book Company, Inc.
  • Coles GV. 1993. Re: TLVs for asbestos. Am J Ind Med. 23:955–957.
  • Cook WA. 1945. Maximum allowable concentrations of industrial atmospheric contaminants. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q. 6:936–946.
  • Cook WA. 1992. TLVs for asbestos. Am J Ind Med. 21:765–766.
  • Cooke WE. 1924. Fibrosis of the lungs due to the inhalation of asbestos dust. Br Med J. 2:147.
  • Cooke WE. 1927. Pulmonary asbestosis. Br Med J. 2:1024–1025.
  • Cooper WC. 1967. Asbestos as a hazard to health. Fact and speculation. Arch Environ Health. 15:285–290.
  • Cooper WC, Balzer JL. 1968. Evaluation and control of asbestos exposure in the insulating trade. Second International Conference on the Biological Effects of Asbestos; 1968 Apr 21–24; Dresden, Germany; p. 151–160.
  • Corn JK. 1989. Protecting the Health of Workers: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 1938–1988. Cincinnati (OH): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
  • Corn JK. 1992. Asbestos. In: Corn JK. Response to occupational health hazards: a historical perspective. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; p. 89–107.
  • Corn JK, Starr J. 1987. Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding. Am J Ind Med. 11:359–373.
  • Corn M, Corn JK. 1993. Re: Historical reasons for attitudes and opinions regarding asbestos and cancer, 1934-1965. Am J Ind Med. 23:513–515.
  • Craighead JE. 2008. U.S. Governmental Regulatory Approaches and Actions. In: Craighead JE, Gibbs AR, editors. Asbestos and its diseases. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 317–325.
  • Cralley L, Ayer H, Enterline P, Henschel A, Lainhart W. (1964). Occupational health study of the asbestos products industry in the United States. In: Chambre syndicale de L'amiante, rapports et discussions [international congress on asbestosis]. Paris: Chambre Syndicale de L'amiante; p. 299–307.
  • Cralley LV, Cralley LJ. 1985. Introduction. In: Industrial hygiene aspects of plant operations. Volume 3: engineering considerations in equipment selection, layout, and building design. New York: Macmillan; p. 1–6.
  • Crane DT. 2000. Background information regarding the analysis of industrial talcs: U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
  • Crump KS. 2011. Use of threshold and mode of action in risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 41:637–650.
  • Deane L. 1898. Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for the Year 1898. Part II -Report. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Department of Labor. 1951. For contractors performing federal supply contracts under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act. Contracts Division. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Public Contracts Division.
  • Doll R. 1955. Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers. Br J Ind Med. 12:81–86.
  • Doll R. 1959. Occupational lung cancer: a review. Br J Ind Med. 16:181–190.
  • Dreessen WC, Dallavalle JM, Edwards TI, Miller JW, Sayers RR. (1938). A Study of Asbestosis in the Asbestos Textile Industry, Public Health Bulletin No. 241. 1938 Aug. Washington (DC): U.S. Treasury Department, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene.
  • Drinker P. 1917. Alternating current precipitators for sanitary air analysis. I. An inexpensive precipitator unit. J Ind Hyg. 14:364–367.
  • Drinker P. 1944. Letter to Captain Ingram, Bureau of Ships, Navy Department. Washington (DC), 1944 Jan 8.
  • Drinker P, Sessions HK, Connelly TP, Nelson KK. 1942. Industrial Health Survey of the Bath Iron Works Corporation. Prepared for the U.S. Maritime Commission. 1942 Sep 22.
  • Eckardt RE, Drinker P. 1954. Experimental lung cancer. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med. 9:449–450.
  • Egilman DS, Reinert AA. 1995. The origin and development of the asbestos Threshold Limit Value: scientific indifference and corporate influence. Int J Health Serv. 25:667–696.
  • Enterline PE. 1991. Changing attitudes and opinions regarding asbestos and cancer 1934–1965. Am J Ind Med. 20:685–700.
  • Enterline PE, Henderson V. 1973. Type of asbestos and respiratory cancer in the asbestos industry. Arch Environ Health. 27:312–317.
  • Fahr. 1914. Aerztlicher Verein in Hamburg. Munch Med Wochenschr. 61:625–626.
  • First MW, Silverman L. 1953. Air sampling with membrane filters. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med. 7:1–11.
  • Fleischer WE, Viles FJJ, Gade RL, Drinker P. 1946. A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels. J Ind Hyg Toxicol. 28:9–16.
  • Fletcher AC, Engholm G, Englund A. 1993. The risk of lung cancer from asbestos among Swedish construction workers: self-reported exposure and a job exposure matrix compared. Int J Epidemiol. 22(Suppl 2):S29–S35.
  • Forbes JJ, Davenport SJ, Morgis GG. 1950. Review of literature on dusts; bulletin 478. Washington (DC): U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Franke K, Paustenbach D. 2011. Government and Navy knowledge regarding health hazards of asbestos: a state of the science evaluation (1900 to 1970). Inhal Toxicol. 23(Suppl 3):1–20.
  • Fraser DA. 1953. Absolute method of sampling and measurement of solid air-borne particulates; combined use of the molecular filter membrane and electron microscopy. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med. 8:412–419.
  • Frederick WG. 1984. The birth of the ACGIH Threshold Limit Values committee and its influence on the development of industrial hygiene. Ann Am Conf Ind Hyg. 9:11–13.
  • Gardner LU. 1933. The effects of inhaled mineral dusts. Natl Safety News. 17:34–35.
  • Gardner LU. 1937. The similarity of the lesions produced by silica and by the tubercle bacillus. Am J Pathol. 13:13–24 3.
  • Gardner LU. 1938a. Interim Report on Experimental Asbestosis at the Saranac Laboratory.
  • Gardner LU. 1938b. Progress Report on Asbestos Experiments. December 9, 1938
  • Gardner LU. 1938c. Second Progress Report on Experimental Asbestosis by the Saranac Laboratory. 1938 Apr 18.
  • Gardner LU. 1940. Recent developments in relation to silicosis. Ind Med Surg. 9:45–49.
  • Gardner LU. 1946. Memorandum from Leroy U. Gardner to Mr. J. P. Woodard. Saranac Lake, NY: The Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis. 1946 Apr 8.
  • Gilson JC. 1965. Problems and perspectives: the changing hazards of exposure to asbestos. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 132:696–705.
  • Gloyne SR. 1951. Pneumoconiosis. A histological survey of necropsy material in 1205 cases. Lancet. 1:810–814.
  • Goetz A. 1953. Application of molecular filter membranes to the analysis of aerosols. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 43:150–159.
  • Greenburg L, Bloomfield JJ. 1932. The impinger dust sampling apparatus as used by the United States Public Health Service. U.S. Public Health Service. 1932 Mar 18.
  • Gustavsson P, Plato N, Lidstrom EB, Hogstedt C. 1990. Lung cancer and exposure to diesel exhaust among bus garage workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 16:348–354.
  • Hamilton A, Hardy HL. 1974. Section Eight: mineral dusts. In: Hamilton, A. and Hardy, H. L., Industrial toxicology. 3rd ed. Acton (MA): Publishing Sciences Group; p. 413–455.
  • Hannon JWG, Cartier P, Childerhose RK, Dubow DT, Schepers GWH, Smart RH, Whitehead RE. 1964. Asbestosis; Report of the section on nature and prevalence, committee on occupational diseases of the chest, American College of Chest Physicians. Dis Chest. 45:107–111.
  • Hektoen L. 1944. Memorandum from Ludwig Hektoen to Leroy U. Gardner. Washington (DC): US. Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, National Advisory Cancer Counsil.
  • Hemeon WCL. 1955. Plant and process ventilation. 1st ed. New York: Industrial Press.
  • Henshaw JL, Gaffney SH, Madl AK, Paustenbach DJ. 2007. The employer's responsibility to maintain a safe and healthful work environment: an historical review of societal expectations and industrial practices. Employ Respons Rights J. 19:173–192.
  • Hickish DE, Knight KL. 1970. Exposure to asbestos during brake maintenance. Ann Occup Hyg. 13:17–21.
  • Higgins E, Lanza AJ, Laney FB, Rice GS. 1917. Siliceous Dust in Relation to Pulmonary Disease Among Miners in the Joplin District, Missouri. Bulletin 132. Washington (DC): Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.
  • Hilt B, Andersen A, Rosenberg J, Langard S. 1991. Cancer incidence among asbestos-exposed chemical industry workers: an extended observation period. Am J Ind Med. 20:261–264.
  • Hoffman FL. 1918. Asbestos. In: Hoffman FL, editor. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). bulletin of the united states bureau of labor statistics: number 23. 1918 Jun. Washington (DC): U.S. Government Printing Office; p. 176–181.
  • Hollins DM, Paustenbach DJ, Clark K, Mangold CA. 2009. A visual historical review of exposure to asbestos at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (1962–1972). J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 12:124–156.
  • Home Office. 1935. Memorandum on the industrial diseases of silicosis and asbestosis. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Hueper WC. 1952. Occupational cancer hazards in American industries. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med. 5:204–208.
  • Hueper WC. 1955. Silicosis, asbestosis, and cancer of the lung. Am J Clin Pathol. 25:1388–1390.
  • Hueper WC. 1957. Role of occupational and environmental air pollutants in production of respiratory cancers. AMA Arch Pathol. 63:427–450.
  • Hyslop FL, Gafafer WM. 1954. Bibliography of Occupational Health: occupational health and related publications from the public health service, 1909–1953. Public Health Bibliography Series No. 9. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Division of Occupational Health of the Bureau of State Services.
  • IARC. 1977. Asbestos. In: IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man: asbestos. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; p. 11–81.
  • Industrial Gloves Company. 1955. Steel Grip Industrial Safety Apparel Ad. National Safety News April:110.
  • Ingels M. 1922. New data on air dust determinations. report of further developments in the anderson and armspach apparatus and results obtained in series of tests. J Am Soc Heat Vent Engineers. 28:177–197.
  • Jackson HM. 1964. Personal correspondence between H.M. Jackson and W.T. Marr.
  • Jenkins HE. 1939. Letter to the Manager of the Yard. Re: Hazards to the health of insulating material. 1939 Jul 13.
  • Johnson AS. 1935. No Half Way Measures in Dust Control. Natl Safety News. 32:17–18.
  • Johnson AS. 1937. The Engineer's Part in Eliminating Dust Hazards. In: Transactions: 26th National Safety Congress; 1937 Oct 11–15; Kansas City, Missouri. p. 92–98.
  • Johnstone RT. 1948. Occupational medicine and industrial hygiene. St. Louis: Mosby.
  • Kaminski R, Geissert KS, Dacey E. 1980. Mortality analysis of plumbers and pipefitters. J Occup Med. 22:183–189.
  • Knowlson JS. (1942). Conservation order M-79 curtailing the use of certain types of asbestos: Federal Register 7: 436. 1942 Jan 21.
  • Lane RE, Barnes JM, Hickish DE, Jones JG, Roach SA, King E. 1968. Hygiene standards for chrysotile asbestos dust from the Committee on Hygiene Standards of the British Occupational Hygiene Society. Ann Occup Hyg. 11:47–69.
  • Langer AM, Mackler AD, Pooley FD. 1974. Electron microscopical investigation of asbestos fibers. Environ Health Perspect. 9:63–80.
  • LaNier ME 1984. Report of the sub-committee on threshold limits. Ann Am Conf Ind Hyg. 9:343–345.
  • Lanza AJ. 1952. Comments at the Seventh Saranac Symposium. Washington (DC): Vorwald Archives.
  • Lanza AJ, McConnell WJ, Fehnel JW. 1935. Effects of the inhalation of asbestos dust on the lungs of asbestos workers. Public Health Rep. 50:1–12.
  • Laszcz-Davis C, Boelter FW, Hearl F, Jayjock M, Logan P, McLaughlin CF, O'Reilly M, Radcliffe RT, Stenzel M. 2011. Human health risk assessment. In: Rose VE, Cohrssen B, editors. Patty's industrial hygiene. 6th ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc; p. 695–826.
  • Lawrence WE. 1943. General subject and industrial sessions: the control of fumes in shipyards. Chicago (IL): National Safety Council, p. 401–404.
  • Leahy K. (2008). Asbestos Exposure and the Law in the United States. In: Craighead JE, Gibbs AR, editors. Asbestos and its diseases. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 346–374.
  • Lee DH, Selikoff IJ. 1979. Historical background to the asbestos problem. Environ Res. 18:300–314.
  • Life Magazine. 1940. Silicosis. Life Magazine, 1940 Apr 1; p. 68.
  • Lippmann M. 1988. Asbestos exposure indices. Environ Res. 46:86–106.
  • Lippmann M. 2014. Toxicological and epidemiological studies on effects of airborne fibers: coherence and public [corrected] health implications. Crit Rev Toxicol. 44:643–695.
  • Lynch JR, Ayer HE. 1968. Measurement of asbestos exposure. J Occup Med. 10:21–24.
  • Maines R. 2005. Asbestos and fire: technological tradeoffs and the body at risk. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Mangold CA. 2003. Amosite insulation. Use of amosite insulations and products aboard U.S. Naval and contract ships in the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Bellevue, WA: Environmental Control Sciences Inc.
  • Marr WT. 1964. Asbestos exposure during Naval vessel overhaul. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 25:264–268.
  • Martonik JF, Nash E, Grossman E. 2001. The history of OSHA's asbestos rule makings and some distinctive approaches that they introduced for regulating occupational exposure to toxic substances. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 62:208–217.
  • Mayer E, Princi F, Kaltreider NL, Vorwald AJ, Wright GW, Pendergrass EP, Sander OA. 1963. The pneumoconioses: diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Chicago (IL): Council on Occupational Health.
  • McClellan RO. 1999. Human health risk assessment: a historical overview and alternative paths forward. Inhal Toxicol. 11:477–518.
  • McCord CP. 1945. A blind hog's acorns; vignettes of the maladies of workers. Chicago (IL): Cloud Inc.
  • McCord CP, Allen FP. 1931. Industrial hygiene for engineers and managers. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • McCulloch J. 2002. Asbestos blues: labour, capital, physicians, and the state in South Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
  • McPheeters SB. 1936. A survey of a group of employees exposed to asbestos dust. J Ind Hyg Toxicol. 18:229–239.
  • Meller HB. 1936a. Air contaminants that affect health. Natl Safety News. 34:34, 36–65.
  • Meller HB. 1936b. The Present Status of Control of Dust and Fumes in Industry. In: National Safety Council. Transactions, 25th National Safety Congress, 1936 Oct 5–9; Atlantic City (NJ): National Safety Council; p. 312–317.
  • Merewether E, Rowland A. 1956. Industrial medicine and hygiene. London: Butterworth & Co, vol 3.
  • Merewether ERA. 1933. A memorandum on asbestosis. Tubercle. 15:109–118.
  • Merewether ERA. 1949. Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories for the Year 1947: Presented by the Minister of Labour and National Service to Parliament of Command of His Majesty. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Merewether ERA. 1952. Proceeding from the Seventh Saranac Symposium. In: Seventh Saranac Symposium; 1952 Sep 24; Saranac Lake, NY.
  • Merewether ERA, Price CW. (1930). Report on effects of asbestos dust on the lungs and dust suppression in the asbestos industry. Part I and II. London: His Majesty's Stationery office.
  • Meurman LO, Kiviluoto R, Hakama M. 1974. Mortality and morbidity among the working population of anthophyllite asbestos miners in Finland. Br J Ind Med. 31:105–112.
  • Morgan WK. 1975. Occupational lung diseases. In Seaton A, editor. Philadelphia (PA): W. B. Saunders.
  • Murbach DM, Madl AK, Unice KM, Knutsen JS, Chapman PS, Brown JL, Paustenbach DJ. 2008. Airborne concentrations of asbestos onboard maritime shipping vessels (1978–1992). Ann Occup Hyg. 52:267–279.
  • Murphy RL Jr, Ferris BG Jr, Burgess WA, Worcester J, Gaensler EA. 1971. Effects of low concentrations of asbestos. Clinical, environmental, radiologic and epidemiologic observations in shipyard pipe coverers and controls. N Engl J Med. 285:1271–1278.
  • Murray HM. 1907. Mr. H Montague Murray, MD, Called and Examined, Minutes of evidence. January 1907.
  • Murray TH. 1988. Regulating Asbestos: Ethics, Politics, and the Values of Science. In: Bayer R, editor. The health and safety of workers. Case studies in the politics of professional responsibility. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 271–292.
  • NCGIH. 1938. Transactions of the First Annual Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Washington (DC): National Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1938 Jun 27–28, 1938.
  • Nicholson WJ, Holaday DA, Heimann H. 1971. Direct and indirect occupational exposure to insulation dusts in United States shipyards. Ann Occup Hyg. 14:37–47.
  • NIOSH. 1972. Criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to asbestos. HSM 72-10267. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  • NIOSH. 1977. NIOSH Method P&CAM 239: Asbestos Fibers in Air. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 2nd ed. 1977 Mar 30; Cincinnati (OH): National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  • NIOSH. 2011. Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research. Current Intelligence Bulletin 62. DHHS No. 2011-159: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2011 Mar.
  • Nokso-Koivisto P, Pukkala E. 1994. Past exposure to asbestos and combustion products and incidence of cancer among Finnish locomotive drivers. Occup Environ Med. 51:330–334.
  • Nordmann M. 1938. An occupational cancer of asbestos workers. Z Krebsfors. 47:228–302.
  • Nowinski PA. 1982. Torts Branch Monograph (Asbestos): State-of-the-Art. U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division Publication.
  • NRC. 1983. The nature of risk assessment. In: NRC, editor. Risk assessment in the federal government: managing the process. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; p. 17–50.
  • NSC. 1939. Industrial dust. Health practices pamphlet no. 4. Chicago (IL): National Safety Council.
  • NSC. 1963. Dusts, Fumes, and Mists in Industry. Natl Safety News. 87:89–105.
  • Ohlson CG, Klaesson B, Hogstedt C. 1984. Mortality among asbestos-exposed workers in a railroad workshop. Scand J Work Environ Health. 10:283–291.
  • Oksa P, Pukkala E, Karjalainen A, Ojajarvi A, Huuskonen MS. 1997. Cancer incidence and mortality among Finnish asbestos sprayers and in asbestosis and silicosis patients. Am J Ind Med. 31:693–698.
  • Oliver T. 1927. Clinical aspects of pulmonary asbestosis. Br Med J. 2:1026–1027.
  • OSHA. 1971a. Title 29–Labor, Chapter XVIII, Part 1910–Occupational safety and health standards, emergency standard for exposure to asbestos dust. Fed. Reg. 36:23207–23208. 1971 Dec 7.
  • OSHA. 1971b. Title 29, Chapter 17, Part 1910: Occupational Safety and Health Standards, National Consensus Standards and Established Federal Standards (Introduction, Subparts A and B, and portion of Subpart G). Fed Reg 36 (105):10466–10469, 10503–10506. 1971 May 29.
  • OSHA. 1972. Title 29–Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910–Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust. Fed. Reg. 37(110):11318–11322. 1972 Jun 7.
  • OSHA. 1975. 29 CFR Part 1910: Occupational exposure to asbestos, notice of proposed rulemaking. Fed. Reg. 40 (197):47652–47665. 1975 Oct 9.
  • OSHA. 1983. 29 CFR Part 1910 and 1926: Occupational exposure to asbestos, emergency temporary standard. Fed. Reg. 48(215):51086–51140. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 1983 Nov 4.
  • OSHA. 1986. 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926: Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite; Final rules. Fed. Reg. 51:22612–22790. 1986 Jun 20.
  • OSHA. 1988. 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926: Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite; Final rules; Amendment. Fed. Reg. 53:35610–35629. 1988 Sep 14.
  • OSHA. 1992. 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926: Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite; Final rule. Fed. Reg. 57(110):24310–24331. 1992 Jun 8.
  • OSHA. 1994. 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, and 1926. RIN: 1218-AB25. Occupational exposure to asbestos; Final rule. Fed. Reg. 59 (153): 40964–41162. 1994 Aug 10.
  • OSHA. 2002. Title 41–Labor, Chapter L, Part 50-201–General Regulations, The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act; 2002 Jul 1; Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
  • OSHA, Nicholson W. 1983. Quantitative Risk Assessment for Asbestos Related Cancers. Revised; 1983 Oct; Washington (DC): Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Office of Carcinogen Standards.
  • Ozonoff D. (1988). Failed warnings: asbestos-related disease and industrial medicine. In: Bayer R, editor. The health and safety of workers. Case studies in the politics of professional responsibility. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 139–220.
  • Palmer GT. 1916. A new sampling apparatus for the determination of aerial dust. Am J Public Health (NY). 6:54–55.
  • Pancoast HK, Pendergrass EP. 1925. A review of our present knowledge of pneumoconiosis, based upon roentgenologic studies, with notes on the pathology of the condition. Am J Roentgenol. 24:381–423.
  • Parker HM. 1976. Principles of standards setting: The radiation experience. In: Anderson EC, Sullivan EM, editors. Impact of Energy Production on Health: An Evaluation of Means for Assessment: Proceedings of the LASL Third Life Sciences Symposium at Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1975 Oct 15–17; Oak Ridge (TN): Technical Information Center, Office of Public Affairs, Energy Research and Development Administration; p. 37-41.
  • Patty FA. 1948. Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. 1st ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc.
  • Patty FA. 1958. Industrial hygiene-retrospect and prospect. In: Patty FA, editor. Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc.; p. 1–18.
  • Paustenbach D. 1989. The risk assessment of environmental hazards: a textbook of case studies. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons.
  • Paustenbach D. 2002. Human and ecological risk assessment: theory and practice. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Paustenbach DJ, Cowan D, Sahmel J. 2011. The history and biological basis of occupational exposure limits for chemical agents. In: Rose VE, Cohrssen B, editors. Patty's industrial hygiene. 6th ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc; p. 865–956.
  • Potter MJ. 1991. Vermiculite. In: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1989. Washington (DC): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines; p. 1137–1139.
  • Provost GJ. 1982. Legal trends in occupational health. J Occup Med. 24:115–119.
  • Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 2015. Image of coal miner wearing a NIOSH personal air sampling pump, ID # 5759 [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [cited 2015 Dec 9]. Available from: http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid =9481.
  • Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 2015. Image of Midget Impinger, ID # 9481 [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [cited 2015 Dec 9]. Available from: http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid =9481.
  • Radcliffe JC, Clayton GD, Fredrick WG, Nelson KW, Wheeler EP. 1959. Industrial hygiene. AIHAJ. 20:428–430.
  • Roach SA. 1970. Hygiene standards for asbestos. Ann Occup Hyg. 13:7–15.
  • Rohl AN, Langer AM, Selikoff IJ, Nicholson WJ. 1975. Exposure to asbestos in the use of consumer spackling, patching, and taping compounds. Science. 189:551–553.
  • Sanden A, Jarvholm B, Larsson S, Thiringer G. 1992. The risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure: a prospective cohort study of shipyard workers. Eur Respir J. 5:281–285.
  • Sander OA. 1958. The pulmonary dust diseases. In: Patty FA, editor. Industrial hygiene and toxicology, second revised edition, volume I, general principles. New York: Interscience Publishers Inc., John Wiley & Sons; p. 357–411.
  • Saranac Laboratory. 1943. Relationship of asbestosis to pulmonary carcinoma. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, National Advisory Cancer Council. 1943 Jun 3.
  • Sawyer RN. 1977. Asbestos exposure in a Yale building. Analysis and resolution. Environ Res. 13:146–169.
  • Sayers RR. 1937a. Industrial dusts: what industrial dusts are harmful? why? Kansas City, MO: National Safety Council, p. 85–92.
  • Sayers RR. 1937b. What industrial dusts are harmful? Why? In: Transactions 26th National Safety Congress; 1937 Oct 13; Kansas City, MO. p. 85–92.
  • Sayers RR. 1938. Dusts that Harm. National Safety News (January):52–54.
  • Sayers RR, Lanza AJ. (1938). Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis of silicosis and asbestosis. In: Lanza AJ, editor. Silicosis and asbestosis. London: Oxford University Press; p. 31–65.
  • Schall EL. 1965. Present threshold limit value in the U.S.A. for asbestos dust: a critique. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 132:316–321.
  • Schmeck HM. Jr, 1964. A rare carcinoma believed on the rise. study of asbestos workers shows a high incidence. The New York Times. 24. 1964 Oct 7.
  • Seiler HE. 1928. A case of pneumoconiosis: result of the inhalation of asbestos dust. Br Med J. 2:982–982.
  • Selikoff IJ. 1969a. Industrial Hygiene Progress Reports, Fall 1969. Volume 1, Issue 3.
  • Selikoff IJ. 1969b. Industrial Hygiene Progress Reports. Spring 1969. Volume 1, Issue 1.
  • Selikoff IJ. 1970. Partnership for prevention-the insulation industry hygiene research program. IMS Ind Med Surg. 39:162–166.
  • Selikoff IJ. 1971. Industrial Hygiene Progress Reports, Spring 1971. Volume 3, Issue 1.
  • Selikoff IJ, Churg J, Hammond EC. 1964. Asbestos exposure and neoplasia. JAMA. 188:22–26.
  • Selikoff IJ, Churg J, Hammond EC. 1965a. The occurrence of asbestosis among insulation workers in the United States. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 132:139–155.
  • Selikoff IJ, Churg J, Hammond EC. 1965b. Relation between exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma. N Engl J Med. 272:560–565.
  • Selikoff IJ, Hammond EC, Churg J. 1968. Asbestos exposure, smoking, and neoplasia. JAMA. 204:106–112.
  • Selikoff IJ, Lee DH. 1978. Table 1–3. In: Asbestos and disease. New York (NY): Academic Press; p. 18–18.
  • Simson FW. 1928. Pulmonary asbestosis in South Africa. Br Med J. 1:885–887.
  • Stewart MJ, Haddow AC. 1929. Demonstration of the peculiar bodies of pulmonary asbestosis (“asbestos bodies”) in material obtained by lung puncture and in the sputum. J Pathol Bacteriol. 32:172.
  • Stokinger H. 1983. Affidavit of Herbert E. Stokinger. 1983 Dec 27.
  • Stokinger HE. 1955. Standards for safeguarding the health of the industrial worker. Med Bull. 15:167–184.
  • Stokinger HE. 1956a. In the field of toxicology. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q. 17:340–344.
  • Stokinger HE. 1956b. Methods of establishing threshold limits; prepared discussion. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q. 17:284–286.
  • Stokinger HE. 1973. Memorandum re: “Identification of a threshold of response and estimations of safety factors in the present recommended standards for the industrial carcinogen, ASBESTOS.” Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Centers for Disease Control, NIOSH. 1973 Aug 8.
  • Stokinger HE. 1981. Threshold limit values In: Stokinger HE, editor. Dangerous properties of industrial materials. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; p. 8–13.
  • Stone R. 1991. No meeting of the minds on asbestos. Science. 254:928–931.
  • Sutton A, Sutton M. 1958. Asbestos: Miracle mineral. Sci Dig. 43:10–14.
  • Tabershaw IR, Cooper WC, Balzer JL. 1970. A labor-management occupational health service in a construction industry. Arch Environ Health. 21:784–788.
  • Talcott JA, Thurber WA, Kantor AF, Gaensler EA, Danahy JF, Antman KH, Li FP. 1989. Asbestos-associated diseases in a cohort of cigarette-filter workers. N Engl J Med. 321:1220–1223.
  • Tarchi M, Orsi D, Comba P, De Santis M, Pirastu R, Battista G, Valiani M. 1994. Cohort mortality study of rock salt workers in Italy. Am J Ind Med. 25:251–256.
  • The White House. 1966. Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1966 31 F.R. 8855, 80 Stat. 1610, effective 1966 Jun 25.
  • Trasko VM. 1955. Industrial hygiene milestones in governmental agencies. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 45:39–46.
  • Trasko VM, Bloomfield JJ. 1942. An analysis of industrial hygiene activities in state and local health departments, 1940–41. Public Health Rep. 57:853–884.
  • U.S. Congress. 1970. Public Law 91-596. Occupational safety and health act of 1970. Washington (DC): U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • U.S. Navy. 1941. Annual Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Navy Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery to the Secretary of the Navy Concerning Statistics of Diseases and Injuries in the United States Navy for the Calendar Year 1939. Washington (DC): The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
  • U.S. Navy. 1943. Minimum requirements for safety and industrial health in contract shipyards. U.S. Navy and the U.S. Maritime Commission. Washington (DC): U. S. Navy Department, U.S. Maritime Commission.
  • U.S. Navy. 1944. Memorandum to The Supervisor of Shipbuilding, U.S. Navy, New York.
  • U.S. Navy. 1947. Naval safety review, vol. 4, no. 1. Washington (DC): U.S. Navy Department.
  • U.S. Navy. 1955. BUMED Instruction 62.70.3., edited by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 1955 Nov 7.
  • Unknown. 1896. Resists Fires and Acids. Wonderful Qualities of Asbestos, And How It is Used. The New York Times, 1896 Jun 28; p. 14.
  • USEPA. 1986. Airborne asbestos health assessment update. EPA/600/8-84/003F. 1986 Jun. Washington (DC): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
  • USGS. 2016. Images of Fibrous and Asbestiform Minerals [Internet]. USGS Denver Microbeam Laboratory, 2015a Jan 21 [cited 2016 Oct 18]. Available from: http://usgsprobe.cr.usgs.gov/picts2.html.
  • USGS. 2015b. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2015. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey (USGS). 2015 Jan 30.
  • USPHS. 1958. The Industrial Environment, Its Evaluation and Control. Syllabus for Short Courses for Industrial Hygiene Engineers and Chemists Presented at Occupational Health Field Headquarters, Cincinnati, Ohio. Public Health Service Publication No. 614. Washington (DC): U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Vernon HM. 1939. Sickness in relation to occupation. In: Vernon HM, editor. Health in relation to occupation. London: Oxford University Press; p. 227–252.
  • Virta RL. 2005. Mineral commodity profiles: Asbestos. USGS Circular 1255-KK. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
  • Virta RL. 2006. Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 through 2003. Circular 1298. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
  • Vorwald AJ, Durkan TM, Pratt PC. 1951. Experimental studies of asbestosis. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med. 3:1–43.
  • Wagner JC. 1965. Epidemiology of diffuse mesothelial tumors: evidence of an association from studies in South Africa and the United Kingdom. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 132:575–578.
  • Wagner JC. 2016. Box of photographic transparencies created by Dr. J. C. Wagner, 1950–1991 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2016 Apr 18]. Available from: http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/online_science/explore_our_collections/objects/index/smxg-8056868.
  • Wagner JC, Sleggs CA, Marchand P. 1960. Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province. Br J Ind Med. 17:260–271.
  • Walton H. 1982. Part 3: development of methods for measuring airborne asbestos dust. Ann Occup Hyg. 25:187–202.
  • Wedler HW. 1943. Lung cancer in asbestosis patients [uber den lungenkrebs bei asbestos.]. Dtsch Arch Klin Med. 191:189–209.
  • Wood WB. 1929. Pulmonary asbestosis. Radiographic appearances in skiagrams of the chests of workers in asbestos. Tubercle. 10:353–363.
  • Wood WB, Page DS. 1929. A case of pulmonary asbestosis. Tubercle. 10:457–461.
  • [Internet] Public Health Image Library (PHIL). Image of the interior of a mill that manufactured asbestos thread, ID # 9646. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [cited February 10, 2017]. Available from: https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/lN5JBRUW7V4kTk?domain=phil.cdc.gov, https://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.