Obtaining nano calcium fluoride and ammonium sulfate from phosphogypsum

References

• Ha, V. T. T.; Do, T. A. T.; Nguyen, T. T.; Ung, T. D. T. Luminescence and Thermoluminescence of Er3+-Doped CaF2 Nanomaterials. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 2022, 178, 1–14. DOI: 10.1080/10420150.2022.2150972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Bettach, M.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H. Conversion of Moroccan Phosphogypsum Waste into Nano-Calcium Fluoride and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate Monohydrate. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 2020, 22, 2039–2047. DOI: 10.1007/s10163-020-01088-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, J. W.; Sohn, E. H.; Park, I. J.; Lee, S. B. Preparation of CaF2 Microspheres by Thermal Decomposition of Trifluoroacetate Precursor in Molten Salt Medium. Mater. Lett. 2017, 209, 357–359. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.08.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Górecki, H. J. Utilization of Fluorine from Phosphate Fertilizer Plants. In Pollution Control in Fertilizer Production, Hodge, C.A., Ed.; New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1994; pp 299–335.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Geological Survey. Mineral Commodity Summaries, St. Louis, MO: U.S. Geological Survey, 2022; pp 1–202. DOI: 10.3133/mcs2022.
   Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Bettach, M. Procedure to Convert Phosphogypsum Waste into Valuable Products. Mater. Manuf. Processes 2018, 33, 1727–1733. DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2018.1476763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H.; Bettach, M. Comparative Study of K2SO4 Production by Wet Conversion from Phosphogypsum and Synthetic Gypsum. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2019, 8, 2586–2596. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.02.013.
   Google Scholar
• Alla, M.; Harrou, A.; Elhafiany, M. L.; Azerkane, D.; El Ouahabi, M.; Gharibi, E. K. Reduction of Phosphogypsum to Calcium Sulfide (CaS) Using Metallic Iron in a Hydrochloric Acid Medium. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 2022, 197, 1026–1035. DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2052881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Bettach, M.; Cherrat, A.; Zdah, I.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H. Synthèse Bibliographique: étude Des Propriétés Physico-Chimiques du Phosphogypse Marocain. Mater. Tech. 2020, 108, 207. DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2020029.
   Google Scholar
• Patyal, V.; Jaspal, D.; Khare, K. Materials for Phosphorous Remediation: A Review. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 2021, 196, 1025–1037. DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1989683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Zdah, I.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H.; Bettach, M. Characterization and Purification of Waste Phosphogypsum to Make it Suitable for Use in the Plaster and the Cement Industry. Chem. Eng. Commun. 2020, 207, 382–392. DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1599865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamzougui, G.; Es-Said, A.; Nafai, H.; Chafik, D.; Bouhaouss, A.; Bchitou, R. Optimization and Modeling of Pb (II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Phosphogypsum by Application of Response Surface Methodology. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem 2021, 196, 521–529. DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1860985.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agayr, K.; Chanouri, H.; Achiou, B.; Benhida, R.; Khaless, K. Study on the Kinetics of the Conversion of Moroccan Phosphogypsum into X2SO4 (X = Na, NH4). J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 2022, 24, 2015–2029. DOI: 10.1007/s10163-022-01461-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Bettach, M.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H. Phosphogypsum Conversion into Calcium Fluoride and Sodium Sulfate. ACSM. 2020, 44, 407–412. DOI: 10.18280/acsm.440606.
   Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Bettach, M.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H. Recovery of Nano-Calcium Fluoride and Ammonium Bisulphate from Phosphogypsum Waste. Int. J. Environ. Stud 2020, 77, 297–306. DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2020.1737426.
   Google Scholar
• Douahem, H.; Hammi, H.; Hamzaoui, A. H.; M’nif, A. Modeling and Optimization of Phosphogypsum Transformation into Calcium Fluoride Using Experimental Design Methodology. J. Tunisian Chem. Soc 2016, 18, 106–113.
   Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Bettach, M.; Cherrat, A. Zegzouti a.; Conversion of Phosphogypsum to Sodium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate in Aqueous Solution. J. Mater. Enviro. Sci. 2016, 7, 1925–1933.
   Google Scholar
• Gasser, M. S.; Ismail, Z. H.; Abu Elgoud, E. M.; Hai, F. A.; Ali, I. O.; Aly, H. F. Alkali Treatment–Acid Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum Fertilizer: Insight for Additional Resource of Valuable Components. BMC Chem. 2022, 16, 51. DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00845-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, L. Preparation of Calcium Fluoride Using Phosphogypsum by Orthogonal Experiment. Open Chem. 2018, 16, 864–868. DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boynueğri, T. A.; Serin, M. Y.; Dursun, S. Ammonium Sulphate Producibility Using Waste Gypsum Atık Jips Kullanılarak Amonyum Sülfat Üretilebilirliği. J. Boron 2020, 5, 48–55. DOI: 10.30728/boron.610616.
   Google Scholar
• Mousa, S.; Hanna, A. Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite and Ammonium Sulfate from Phosphogypsum Waste. Mater. Res. Bull 2013, 48, 823–828. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.11.067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalski, Z. Paszek a Production of Synthetic Fluorspar from Waste Calcium Fluoride Slurry. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 1999, 8, 125–128.
   Google Scholar
• Kandil, A. H. T.; Cheira, M. F.; Gado, H. S.; Soliman, M. H.; Akl, H. M. Ammonium Sulfate Preparation from Phosphogypsum Waste. J. Radiat Res. Appl. Sci. 2017, 10, 24–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2016.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zdah, I.; El Alaoui-Belghiti, H.; Cherrat, A.; Ennaciri, Y.; Brahmi, R.; Bettach, M. Temperature Effect on Phosphogypsum Conversion into Potassium Fertilizer K2SO4 and Portlandite. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 2021, 6, 27–31. DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00122-3.
   Google Scholar
• Ndour, O.; Thiandoume, C.; Traore, A.; Cagnat, X.; Diouf, P. M.; Ndeye, M.; Ndao, A. S.; Tidjani, A. Determination of Natural Radionuclides in Phosphogypsum Samples from Phosphoric Acid Production Industry in Senegal. Environ. Forensics 2021, 1–8. DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.2006362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pliaka, M.; Gaidajis, G. Examination of the Environmental Behavior of Phosphogypsum with the Application of Lab-Scale Experiment. J. Environ. Sci. Health. A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 2023, 58, 706–714. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2208994.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagag, M. S. Comparative Study of Fabricated Composites Based on Phosphogypsum and Al-Hydroxide for Uranium Separation from Aqueous and Waste Solutions. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2021, 101, 680–701. DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1670826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopalan, R. Inorganic Chemistry for Undergraduates; Hyderabad, India: Universities Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Msila, X.; Billing, D. G.; Barnard, W. Capture and Storage of CO2 into Waste Phosphogypsum: The Modified Merseburg Process. Clean Techn. Environ. Policy 2016, 18, 2709–2715. DOI: 10.1007/s10098-016-1157-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samrane, K.; Al-Hjouj, M.; Doudin, F.; Kossir, A. Fluosilicic Acid: Recovery System and Aluminum Fluoride Production; Cairo, Egypt: Arab Fertilizer Association Publication, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• IPPC Directive. Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic chemicals-Ammonia, Acids and Fertilizers. Seville, Spain: IPPC Directive; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• S&P Global. https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/energy-transition/051023-interactive-ammonia-price-chart-natural-gas-feedstock-europe-usgc-black-sea (accessed Sep 14, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• BusinessAnalytiq. https://businessanalytiq.com/procurementanalytics/index/potassium-sulfate-price-index/ (accessed Sep 14, 2023).
   Google Scholar