Cytotoxic effect of R-etodolac (SDX-101) in combination with purine analogs or monoclonal antibodies on ex vivo B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

References

• Shiff S J, Qiao L, Tsai L L, Rigas B. Sulindac sulfide, an aspirin-like compound, inhibits proliferation, causes cell cycle quiescence, and induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 491–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humber L G, Demerson C A, Swaminathan P, Bird P H. Etodolac (1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid): a potent antiinflammatory drug. Conformation and absolute configuration of its active enantiomer. J Med Chem 1986; 29: 871–874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerson C A, Humber L G, Abraham N A, Schilling G, Martel R R, Pace-Asciak C. Resolution of etodolac and antiinflammatory and prostagladin synthetase inhibiting properties of the enantiomers. J Med Chem 1983; 26: 1778–1780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeith K J, Brocks D R. Pharmacokinetic optimisation of the treatment of osteoarthritis. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 26: 233–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolluri S K, Corr M, James S Y, Bernasconi M, Lu D, Liu W, et al. The R-enantiomer of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug etodolac binds retinoid × receptor and induces tumor-selective apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 2525–2530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasui H, Hideshima T, Hamasaki M, Roccaro A M, Shiraishi N, Kumar S, et al. SDX-101, the R-enantiomer of etodolac, induces cytotoxicity, overcomes drug resistance, and enhances the activity of dexamethasone in multiple myeloma. Blood 2005; 106: 706–712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nardella F A, LeFevre J A. Enhanced clearance of leukemic lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with etodolac. Blood 2002; 99: 2625–2626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu D, Zhao Y, Tawatao R, Cottam H B, Sen M, Leoni L M, et al. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 3118–3123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenson M, Engert A, Goebeler M E, Weissinger F, Wilhelm M, Österborg A, et al. A novel pro-apoptotic agent SDX-101 (R-etodolac) for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Blood 2003; 102: 674a
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robak T, Blonski J Z, Kasznicki M, Blasinska-Morawiec M, Krykowski E, Dmoszynska A, et al. Cladribine with prednisone versus chlorambucil with prednisone as first-line therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report of a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Blood 2000; 96: 2723–2729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien S M, Kantarjian H, Thomas D A, Giles F J, Freireich E J, Cortes J, et al. Rituximab dose-escalation trial in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 2165–2170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robak T. Alemtuzumab in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BioDrugs 2005; 19: 9–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai K R, Peterson B L, Appelbaum F R, Kolitz J, Elias L, Shepherd L, et al. Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1750–1757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd J C, Kitada S, Flinn I W, Aron J L, Pearson M, Lucas D, et al. The mechanism of tumor cell clearance by rituximab in vivo in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence of caspase activation and apoptosis induction. Blood 2002; 99: 1038–1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolewski P, Szmigielska-Kaplon A, Cebula B, Jamroziak K, Rogalinska M, Kilianska Z, et al. Proapoptotic activity of alemtuzumab alone and in combination with rituximab or purine nucleoside analogues in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46: 87–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri P, Yasui H, Hideshima T, Tassone P, Raje N, Laurence C P, et al. In vivo and in vitro cytotoxicity of R-etodolac with dexamethasone in glucocorticoid-resistant multiple myeloma cells. Br J Haematol 2006; 134: 37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson B D, Bennett J M, Grever M, Kay N, Keating M J, O'Brien S, et al. National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood 1996; 87: 4990–4997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai K R, Sawitsky A, Cronkite E P, Chanana A D, Levy R N, Pasternack B S. Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1975; 46: 219–234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1968; 97: 77–89
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duechler M, Linke A, Cebula B, Shehata M, Schwarzmeier J D, Robak T, et al. In vitro cytotoxic effect of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in combination with purine nucleoside analogues on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Eur J Haematol 2005; 74: 407–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolewski P, Duechler M, Linke A, Cebula B, Grzybowska-Izydorczyk O, Shehata M, et al. Additive cytotoxic effect of bortezomib in combination with anti-CD20 or anti-CD52 monoclonal antibodies on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia Res 2006; 30: 1521–1529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolewski P, Darzynkiewicz Z, Robak T. Caspase-mediated cell death in hematological malignancies: theoretical considerations, methods of assessment, and clinical implications. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44: 1089–1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopman G, Reutelingsperger C P, Kuijten G A, Keehen R M, Pals S T, van Oers M H. Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression of B cells undergoing apoptosis. Blood 1994; 84: 1415–1420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darzynkiewicz Z, Bedner E, Smolewski P. In situ detection of DNA strand breaks in analysis of apoptosis by flow- and laser scanning-cytometry. Methods in molecular biology. In situ detection of DNA damage: materials and protocols, V V Didenko. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 2002; 69–77
   Google Scholar
• Letestu R, Boeckx N, Boettcher S, Buhl A M, Duerig J, Ghia P, et al. Evaluation of ZAP-70 expression by flow cytometry in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a multicentric international harmonization process. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46(Suppl 1)S47
   Google Scholar
• Kristensen J, Nygren P, Liliemark J, Fridborg H, Killander A, Simonsson B, et al. Interactions between cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) and standard antileukemic drugs in primary cultures of human tumor cells from patients with acute myelomonocytoid leukemia. Leukemia 1994; 8: 1712–1717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robak T, Korycka A, Kasznicki M, Wrzesien-Kus A, Smolewski P. Purine nucleoside analogues for the treatment of hematological malignancies: pharmacology and clinical applications. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2005; 5: 421–444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robak T. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of chronic lymphoid leukemias. Leuk Lymphoma 2004; 45: 205–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T S, Lucas M S, Byrd J C. Rituximab in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Oncol 2003; 30: 483–492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierda W G, Kipps T J, Keating M J. Novel immune-based treatment strategies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 6325–6332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow K U, Sommerlad W D, Boehrer S, Schneider B, Seipelt G, Rummel M J, et al. Anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8, rituximab) enhances efficacy of cytotoxic drugs on neoplastic lymphocytes in vitro: role of cytokines, complement, and caspases. Haematologica 2002; 87: 33–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hederer R A, Guntermann C, Miller N, Nagy P, Szollosi J, Damjanovich S, et al. The CD45 tyrosine phosphatase regulates Campath-1H (CD52)-induced TCR-dependent signal transduction in human T cells. Int Immunol 2000; 12: 505–516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar