PET and PET/CT for response evaluation in lymphoma: Current practice and developments

References

• Aleman B M, van den Belt-Dusebout A W, Klokman W J, Van't Veer M B, Bartelink H, van Leeuwen F E. Long-term cause-specific mortality of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3431–3439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng A K, Bernardo M P, Weller E, Backstrand K H, Silver B, Marcus K C, et al. Long-term survival and competing causes of death in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated at age 50 or younger. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 2101–2108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Cesare E, Cerone G, Enrici R M, Tombolini V, Anselmo P, Masciocchi C. MRI characterization of residual mediastinal masses in Hodgkin's disease: long-term follow-up. Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 22: 31–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendini M, Zuiani C, Bazzocchi M, Dalpiaz G, Zaja F, Englaro E. Magnetic resonance imaging and 67Ga scan versus computed tomography in the staging and in the monitoring of mediastinal malignant lymphoma: a prospective pilot study. MAGMA 1996; 4: 213–224
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheson B D, Horning S J, Coiffier B, Shipp M A, Fisher R I, Connors J M, et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 1244–1253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinhardt M J, Herkel C, Altehoefer C, Finke J, Moser E. Computed tomography and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography for therapy control of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: when do we really need FDG-PET?. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1524–1529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Van Steenweghen S, Thomas J, Vandenberghe P, et al. Prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) after first-line chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: is [18F]FDG-PET a valid alternative to conventional diagnostic methods?. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 414–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte M F, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, et al. Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for post-treatment evaluation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed classical computed tomography scan imaging. Blood 1999; 94: 429–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumann R, Vaic A, Beuthien-Baumann B, Bredow J, Kropp J, Kittner T, et al. Prognostic value of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of post-treatment residual mass in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2001; 115: 793–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinzani P L, Fanti S, Battista G, Tani M, Castellucci P, Stefoni V, et al. Predictive role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the outcome of lymphoma patients. Br J Cancer 2004; 91: 850–854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikhaeel N G, Timothy A R, O'Doherty M J, Hain S, Maisey M N. 18-FDG-PET as a prognostic indicator in the treatment of aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma-comparison with CT. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 39: 543–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerusalem G, Hustinx R, Beguin Y, Fillet G. Evaluation of therapy for lymphoma. Semin Nucl Med 2005; 35: 186–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eghbali H, Brice P, Creemers G Y, van Marwijk Kooij, Carde P, Van't Veer M B, et al. Comparison of three radiation dose levels after EBVP regimen in favorable supradiaphragmatic clinical stages (CS) I-II Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL): Preliminary results of the EORTC-GELA H9-F trial. Blood 2005, 106 abstract 814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeffler M, Brosteanu O, Hasenclever D, Sextro M, Assouline D, Bartolucci A A, et al. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy versus combined modality treatment trials in Hodgkin's disease. International Database on Hodgkin's Disease Overview Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 818–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer R M, Gospodarowicz M K, Connors J M, Pearcey R G, Bezjak A, Wells W A, et al. Randomized comparison of ABVD chemotherapy with a strategy that includes radiation therapy in patients with limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 4634–4642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hueltenschmidt B, Sautter-Bihl M L, Lang O, Maul F D, Fischer J, Mergenthaler H G, et al. Whole body positron emission tomography in the treatment of Hodgkin disease. Cancer 2001; 91: 302–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Thomas J, Vandenberghe P, Balzarini J, et al. Can positron emission tomography with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose after first-line treatment distinguish Hodgkin's disease patients who need additional therapy from others in whom additional therapy would mean avoidable toxicity?. Br J Haematol 2001; 115: 272–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmann H, Sokler M, Kollmannsberger C, Dohmen B M, Baumann C, Kopp A, et al. Comparison of 18FDG-PET with CT scans in the evaluation of patients with residual and recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma. Comparison of FDG-PET with CT scans in the evaluation of patients with residual and recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma. Oncol Rep 2001; 8: 1393–1399, [abstract]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weihrauch M R, Re D, Scheidhauer K, Ansen S, Dietlein M, Bischoff S, et al. Thoracic positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for the evaluation of residual mediastinal Hodgkin disease. Blood 2001; 98: 2930–2934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit M, Bohuslavizki K H, Buchert R, Bumann D, Clausen M, Hossfeld D K. 18FDG-PET following treatment as valid predictor for disease-free survival I Hodgkin's disease. Ann Oncol 2001; 12: 29–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavely W C, Delbeke D, Greer J P, Morgan D S, Byrne D W, Price R R, et al. FDG PET in the follow-up management of patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma after first-line chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57: 307–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guay C, Lepine M, Verreault J, Benard F. Prognostic value of PET using 18F-FDG in Hodgkin's disease for posttreatment evaluation. J Nucl Med 2003; 44: 1225–1231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte M F, Belhocine T, Hustinx R, Rigo P, et al. Early detection of relapse by whole-body positron emission tomography in the follow-up of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 123–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg J W, Fischman A, Neuberg D, Kim H, Takvorian T, Ng A K, et al. FDG-PET is superior to gallium scintigraphy in staging and more sensitive in the follow-up of patients with de novo Hodgkin lymphoma: a blinded comparison. Leuk Lymphoma 2004; 45: 85–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panizo C, Perez-Salazar M, Bendandi M, Rodriguez-Calvillo M, Boan J F, Garcia-Velloso M J, et al. Positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for the evaluation of residual Hodgkin's disease mediastinal masses. Leuk Lymphoma 2004; 45: 1829–1833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigacci L, Castagnoli A, Dini C, Carpaneto A, Matteini M, Alterini R, et al. 18FDG-positron emission tomography in post treatment evaluation of residual mass in Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term results. Oncol Rep 2005; 14: 1209–1214, [abstract]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra J M, Lindauer-van der Werf G, Hoekstra O S, Hooft L, Riphagen I I, Huijgens P C. 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for post-treatment evaluation of malignant lymphoma: a systematic review. Haematologica 2006; 91: 522–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellucci P, Nanni C, Farsad M, Alinari L, Zinzani P, Stefoni V, et al. Potential pitfalls of 18F-FDG PET in a large series of patients treated for malignant lymphoma: prevalence and scan interpretation. Nucl Med Commun 2005; 26: 689–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser E C, Noordijk E M, van Glabbeke M, Teodorovic I, de Wolf-Peeters C, Carde P, et al. Long-term efficacy of the CHVmP/BV regimen used for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in three randomised EORTC trials. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40: 474–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juweid M E, Wiseman G A, Vose J M, Ritchie J M, Menda Y, Wooldridge J E, et al. Response assessment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by Integrated International Workshop Criteria and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 4652–4661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Najjar F, Hustinx R, Fassotte M F, Rigo P, et al. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for the staging of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Ann Oncol 2001; 12: 825–830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoder H, Noy A, Gonen M, Weng L, Green D, Erdi Y E, et al. Intensity of 18Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Positron Emission Tomography Distinguishes Between Indolent and Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 4643–4651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong C Y, Thie J, Parling-Lynch K J, Zakalik D, Margolis J H, Gaskill M, et al. Glucose-Normalized Standardized Uptake Value from 18F-FDG PET in Classifying Lymphomas. J Nucl Med 2005; 46: 1659–1663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann M, Kletter K, Becherer A, Jager U, Chott A, Raderer M. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) for staging and follow-up of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Oncology 2003; 64: 336–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmedo H, Urbach H, Bender H, Schlegel U, Schmidt-Wolf I G, Matthies A, et al. FDG-PET in immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: correlation with MRI and clinical follow-up. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33: 164–168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juweid M E, Stroobants S, Hoekstra O S, Mottaghy F M, Dietlein M, Guermazi A, et al. Use of positron emission tomography (PET) for response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the imaging subcommittee of International Harmonization Project (IHP) in lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2006, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reske S N. PET and restaging including residual masses and relapse. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30(Suppl 1)S89–S96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Verhoef G, Mortelmans L. Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]FDG for therapy response monitoring in lymphoma patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30(Suppl 1)S97–S105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beal K P, Yeung H W, Yahalom J. FDG-PET scanning for detection and staging of extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of the MALT type: a report of 42 cases. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 473–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juweid M, Stroobants S, Mottaghy F, Hoekstra O, Guermazi A, Dietlein M, et al. Recommendations of the imaging committee of the International Harmonization Project (IHP) for FDG-PET (PET) use in patients with lymphoma. Annual congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), AthensGreece, 2006, abstract 24
   Google Scholar
• Cheson B D, Pfistner B, Juweid M E, Gascoyne R D, Horning S J, Coiffier B, et al. Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2006, in press
   Google Scholar
• Gobbi P G, Zinzani P L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Magagnoli M, Federico M, et al. Comparison of prognostic models in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 2001; 91: 1467–1478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Hasenclever D, et al. Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2386–2395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser U, Uebelacker I, Abel U, Birkmann J, Trumper L, Schmalenberg H, et al. Randomized study to evaluate the use of high-dose therapy as part of primary treatment for ‘aggressive' lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 4413–4419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashi K, Clavo A L, Wahl R L. Does FDG uptake measure proliferative activity of human cancer cells? In vitro comparison with DNA flow cytometry and tritiated thymidine uptake. J Nucl Med 1993; 34: 414–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Römer W, Hanauske A R, Ziegler S, Thodtmann R, Weber W, Fuchs C, et al. Positron emission Tomography in Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma: assessment of chemotherapy with fluorodeoxyglucose. Blood 1998; 91: 4464–4471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte M F, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, et al. Persistent tumor 18F-FDG uptake after a few cycles of polychemotherapy is predictive of treatment failure in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica 2000; 85: 613–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikhaeel N G, Mainwaring P, Nunan T, Timothy A R. Prognostic value of interim and post treatment FDG-PET scanning in Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2002; 13(Suppl 2)21, [abstract]
   Google Scholar
• Kostakoglu L, Coleman M, Leonard J P, Kuji I, Zoe H, Goldsmith S J. PET predicts prognosis after 1 cycle of chemotherapy in aggressive lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 1018–1027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Vandenberghe P, Thomas J, de Groot T, et al. Early restaging positron emission tomography with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose predicts outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2002; 13: 1356–1363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra J M, Hoekstra O S, Raijmakers P G, Comans E F, van der Hoeven J J, Teule G J, et al. 18FDG positron emission tomography versus 67Ga scintigraphy as prognostic test during chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2003; 123: 454–462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torizuka T, Nakamura F, Kanno T, Futatsubashi M, Yoshikawa E, Okada H, et al. Early therapy monitoring with FDG-PET in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31: 22–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haioun C, Itti E, Rahmouni A, Brice P, Rain J D, Belhadj K, et al. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in aggressive lymphoma: an early prognostic tool for predicting patient outcome. Blood 2005; 106: 1376–1381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikhaeel N G, Hutchings M, Fields P A, O'Doherty M J, Timothy A R. FDG-PET after two to three cycles of chemotherapy predicts progression-free and overall survival in high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1514–1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchings M, Mikhaeel N G, Fields P A, Nunan T, Timothy A R. Prognostic value of interim FDG-PET after two or three cycles of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1160–1168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchings M, Loft A, Hansen M, Pedersen L M, Buhl T, Jurlander J, et al. FDG-PET after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts treatment failure and progression-free survival in Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2006; 107: 52–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallamini A, Rigacci L, Merli F, Nassi L, Bosi A, Capodanno I, et al. The predictive value of positron emission tomography scanning performed after two courses of standard therapy on treatment outcome in advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. Haematologica 2006; 91: 475–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, Somers R, Van der Lelie H, Bron D, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1540–1545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becherer A, Mitterbauer M, Jaeger U, Kalhs P, Greinix H T, Karanikas G, et al. Positron emission tomography with [18F]2-fluoro-D-2-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) predicts relapse of malignant lymphoma after high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2002; 16: 260–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremerius U, Fabry U, Wildberger J E, Zimny M, Reinartz P, Nowak B, et al. Pre-transplant positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorine-18-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) predicts outcome in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 30: 103–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filmont J E, Czernin J, Yap C, Silverman D H, Quon A, Phelps M E, et al. Value of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with aggressive lymphoma prior to and after autologous stem-cell transplantation. Chest 2003; 124: 608–613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Thomas J, Vandenberghe P, Maertens J, et al. Prognostic value of pretransplantation positron emission tomography using fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Blood 2003; 102: 53–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schot B W, Pruim J, van Imhoff G W, Sluiter W J, Vaalburg W, Vellenga E. The role of serial pre-transplantation positron emission tomography in predicting progressive disease in relapsed lymphoma. Haematologica 2006; 91: 490–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudenberg L S, Antoch G, Schütt P, Beyer T, Jentzen W, Müller S P, et al. FDG-PET/CT in restaging of patients with lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 3: 325–329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer N G, Hany T F, Taverna C, Seifert B, Stumpe K D, von Schulthess G K, et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: coregistered FDG-PET and CT at staging and restaging—do we need contrast—enhanced CT?. Radiology 2004; 232: 823–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raanani P, Shasha Y, Perry C, Metser U, Naparstek E, Apter S, et al. Is CT still necessary for staging in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in the PET/CT era?. Ann Oncol 2006; 17: 117–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino S L, Kuester L B, Muse V V, Halpern E F, Fischman A J. Accuracy of transmission CT and FDG-PET in the detection of small pulmonary nodules with integrated PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33: 692–696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields A F, Grierson J R, Dohmen B M, Machulla H J, Stayanoff J C, Lawhorn-Crews J M, et al. Imaging proliferation in vivo with [F-18]FLT and positron emission tomography. Nat Med 1998; 4: 1334–1336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchmann I, Neumaier B, Schreckenberger M, Reske S. [18F]3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine-PET in NHL patients: whole-body biodistribution and imaging of lymphoma manifestations—a pilot study. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2004; 19: 436–442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner M, Seitz U, Buck A, Neumaier B, Schultheiss S, Bangerter M, et al. 3′-[18F]fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine ([18F]-FLT) as positron emission tomography tracer for imaging proliferation in a murine B-Cell lymphoma model and in the human disease. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 2681–2687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Been L B, Suurmeijer A J, Cobben D C, Jager P L, Hoekstra H J, Elsinga P H. [18F]FLT-PET in oncology: current status and opportunities. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31: 1659–1672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao S, Kuge Y, Nakada K, Takei T, Kohanawa M, Zhao Y, et al. 11C-Methionine but not 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT can differentiate tumor from granuloma in experimental rat models. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM), San Diego, CA, June, 3 – 72006, abstract 507
   Google Scholar