The NF-κB inhibitors (bortezomib and DHMEQ) sensitise rituximab-resistant AIDS-B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma to apoptosis by various chemotherapeutic drugs

References

• Reff M E, Carner K, Chambers K S, Chinn P C, Leonard J E, Raab R, et al. Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood 1994; 83: 435–445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grillo-Lopez A J. Monoclonal antibody therapy for B-cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2002; 76: 385–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jazirehi A R, Bonavida B. Cellular and molecular signal transduction pathways modulated by rituximab (rituxan, anti-CD20 mAb) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: implications in chemosensitization and therapeutic intervention. Oncogene 2005; 24: 2121–2143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin P, Grillo-Lopez A J, Link B K, Levy R, Czuczman M S, Williams M E, et al. Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 2825–2833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mounier N, Spina M, Gisselbrecht C. Modern management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-infected patients. Br J Haematol 2007; 136: 685–698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noy A. Update on HIV lymphoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2007; 9: 384–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Behler C M, Kaplan L D. Advances in the management of HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Curr Opin Oncol 2006; 18: 437–443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spina M, Tirelli U. Rituximab for HIV-associated lymphoma: weighing the benefits and risks. Curr Opin Oncol 2005; 17: 462–465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon S P, Shima Y, Preffer F I, Doss D S, Ellman L, Schlossman R L, et al. Treatment of plasma cell dyscrasias by antibody-mediated immunotherapy. Semin Oncol 1999; 14(5 Suppl)97–106
   Google Scholar
• Multani P S, Grossbard M L. Monoclonal antibody-based therapies for hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 3691–3710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berinstein N L, Grillo-Lopez A J, White C A, ce-Bruckler I, Maloney D, Czuczman M, et al. Association of serum Rituximab (IDEC-C2B8) concentration and anti-tumor response in the treatment of recurrent low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Oncol 1998; 9: 995–1001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossbard M L, Press O W, Appelbaum F R, Bernstein I D, Nadler L M. Monoclonal antibody-based therapies of leukemia and lymphoma. Blood 1992; 80: 863–878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorge L, Jensen T S, Matre R. Characterisation of the complement-regulatory proteins decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) on a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1996; 42: 185–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt C A, Schwaeble W, Wittig B M, Meyer zum Buschenfelde K H, Dippold W G. Expression and regulation by interferon-gamma of the membrane-bound complement regulators CD46 (MCP), CD55 (DAF) and CD59 in gastrointestinal tumours. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35: 117–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villunger A, Egle A, Marschitz I, Kos M, Bock G, Ludwig H, et al. Constitutive expression of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) ligand on multiple myeloma cells: a potential mechanism of tumor-induced suppression of immune surveillance. Blood 1997; 90: 12–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega M I, Huerta-Yepaz S, Garban H, Jazirehi A, Emmanouilides C, Bonavida B. Rituximab inhibits p38 MAPK activity in 2F7 B NHL and decreases IL-10 transcription: pivotal role of p38 MAPK in drug resistance. Oncogene 2004; 23: 3530–3540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jazirehi A R, Vega M I, Bonavida B. Development of rituximab-resistant lymphoma clones with altered cell signaling and cross-resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 1270–1281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umezawa K. Inhibition of tumor growth by NF-κB inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 990–995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen I M, Buhl A M, Klausen P, Geisler C H, Jurlander J. The chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through a p38 mitogen activated protein-kinase-dependent mechanism. Blood 2002; 99: 1314–1319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alas S, Bonavida B. Rituximab inactivates signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma through inhibition of the interleukin 10 autocrine/paracrine loop and results in down-regulation of Bcl-2 and sensitization to cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 5137–5144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzung S P, Kim K M, Basañez G, Giedt C D, Simon J, Zimmerberg J, et al. Antimycin A mimics a cell-death-inducing Bcl-2 homology domain 3. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3: 183–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czuczman M S, Fallon A, Mohr A, Stewart C, Bernstein Z P, McCarthy P, et al. Rituximab in combination with CHOP or fludarabine in low-grade lymphoma. Semin Oncol 2002; 1(Suppl 2)36–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis T A, Grillo-Lopez A J, White C A, McLaughlin P, Czuczman M S, Link B K, et al. Rituximab anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: safety and efficacy of re-treatment. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 3135–3143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demidem A, Lam T, Alas S, Hariharan K, Hanna N, Bonavida B. Chimeric anti-CD20 (IDEC-C2B8) monoclonal antibody sensitizes a B cell lymphoma cell line to cell killing by cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1997; 12: 177–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan D, Ledbetter J A, Press O W. Signaling events involved in anti-CD20-induced apoptosis of malignant human B cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2000; 48: 673–683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coiffier B, Haioun C, Ketterer N, Engert A, Tilly H, Ma D, et al. Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of patients with relapsing or refractory aggressive lymphoma: a multicenter phase II study. Blood 1998; 92: 1927–1932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloney D G, Grillo-Lopez A J, White C A, Bodkin D, Schilder R J, Neidhart J A, et al. IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 1997; 90: 2188–2195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloney D G, Smith B, Rose A. Rituximab: mechanism of action and resistance. Semin Oncol 2002; 1(Suppl 2)2–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickartz T, Ringel F, Wedde M, Renz H, Klein A, von N N, et al. Selection of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell variants by therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Exp Hematol 2001; 12: 1410–1416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brasoveanu L I, Altomonte M, Gloghini A, Fonsatti E, Coral S, Gasparollo A, et al. Expression of protectin (CD59) in human melanoma and its functional role in cell- and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Int J Cancer 1995; 61: 548–556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varsano S, Rashkovsky L, Shapiro H, Radnay J. Cytokines modulate expression of cell-membrane complement inhibitory proteins in human lung cancer cell lines. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998; 19: 522–529
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarvis G A, Li J, Hakulinen J, Brady K A, Nordling S, Dahiya R, et al. Expression and function of the complement membrane attack complex inhibitor protectin (CD59) in human prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 1997; 71: 1049–1055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon S P, Mitsiades C, Mitsiades N, Young G, Doss D, Schlossman R, et al. Tumor cell expression of CD59 is associated with resistance to CD20 serotherapy in patients with B-Cell malignancies. J Immunother 2001; 24: 263–271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jilani I, O'Brien S, Manshuri T, Thomas D A, Thomazy V A, Imam M, et al. Transient down-modulation of CD20 by rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2003; 102: 3514–3520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng W K, Levy R. Expression of complement inhibitors CD46, CD55, and CD59 on tumor cells does not predict clinical outcome after rituximab treatment in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2001; 98: 1352–1357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannerji R, Kitada S, Flinn I W, Pearson M, Young D, Reed J C, et al. Apoptotic-regulatory and complement-protecting protein expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: relationship to in vivo rituximab resistance. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 1466–1471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cragg M S, Morgan S M, Chan H T, Morgan B P, Filatov A V, Johnson P W, et al. Complement-mediated lysis by anti-CD20 mAb correlates with segregation into lipid rafts. Blood 2003; 101: 1045–1052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semac I, Palomba C, Kulangara K, Klages N, Echten-Deckert G, Borisch B, et al. Anti-CD20 therapeutic antibody rituximab modifies the functional organization of rafts/microdomains of B lymphoma cells. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 534–540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezombes C, Grazide S, Garret C, Fabre C, Quillet-Mary A, Muller S, et al. Rituximab antiproliferative effect in B-lymphoma cells is associated with acid-sphingomyelinase activation in raft microdomains. Blood 2004; 104: 1166–1173
   Google Scholar
• Deans J P, Li H, Polyak M J. CD20-mediated apoptosis: signalling through lipid rafts. Immunology 2002; 107: 176–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jazirehi A R, Bezombes C, Laurant G, Libra M, Bonavida B. Characteristics of rituximab-resistant B-NHL clones: deficiencies in rituximab-mediated changes in lipid raft micro-domains and cell signaling. Proc AACR 2006; 47: 4657
   Google Scholar
• Alas S, Emmanouilides C, Bonavida B. Inhibition of interleukin 10 by rituximab results in down-regulation of Bcl-2 and sensitization of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 3: 709–723
   Google Scholar
• Alas S, Bonavida B. Inhibition of constitutive STAT3 activity sensitizes resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma to chemotherapeutic drug-mediated apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 1: 316–326
   Google Scholar