131
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article: Research

Interleukin-6-independent expression of glucocorticoid receptor is upregulated by triptolide in multiple myeloma

, , , , & , MD, PhD
Pages 802-808 | Received 28 Nov 2008, Accepted 04 Feb 2009, Published online: 21 Jul 2009

References

  • Richardson P G, Schlossman R L, Weller E, Hideshima T, Mitsiades C, Davies F, et al. Immunomodulatory drug CC-5013 overcomes drug resistance and is well tolerated in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Blood 2002; 100: 3063–3067
  • Richardson P G, Barlogie B, Berenson J, Singhal S, Jagannath S, Irwin D, et al. A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2609–2617
  • Moalli P A, Pillay S, Weiner D, Leikin R, Rosen S T. A mechanism of resistance to glucocorticoid in multiple myeloma: transient expression of a truncated glucocorticoid receptor mRNA. Blood 1992; 79: 213–222
  • Gomi M, Moriwaki K, Katagiri S, Kurata Y, Thompson E B. Glucocorticoid effects on myeloma cells in culture: correlation of growth inhibition with induction of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 1873–1878
  • Yin Jun L, Jie J, Yun Gui W. Triptolide inhibits transcription factor NF-κB and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2005; 29: 99–105
  • Carter B Z, Mak D H, Schober W D, McQueen T, Harris D, Estrov Z, et al. Triptolide induces caspase-dependent cell death mediated via the mitochondrial pathway in leukemic cells. Blood 2006; 108: 630–637
  • Pigneux A, Mahon F X, Uhalde M, Jeanneteau M, Lacombe F, Milpied N, et al. Triptolide cooperates with chemotherapy to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2008; 36: 1648–1659
  • Carter B Z, Mak D H, Schober W D, Dietrich M F, Pinilla C, Vassilev L T, et al. Triptolide sensitizes AML cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via decrease of XIAP and p53-mediated increase of DR5. Blood 2008; 111: 3742–3750
  • Hideshima T, Nakamura N, Chauhan D, Anderson K C. Biologic sequelae of interleukin-6 induced PI3-K/Akt signaling in multiple myeloma. Oncogene 2001; 20: 5991–6000
  • Ferlin M, Noraz N, Hertogh C, Brochier J, Taylor N, Klein B. Insulin-like growth factor induces the survival and proliferation of myeloma cells through an interleukin-6-independent transduction pathway. Br J Haematol 2000; 111: 626–634
  • Schmidt S, Rainer J, Ploner C, Presul E, Riml S, Kofler R. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and glucocorticoid resistance: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11(Suppl 1)S45–S55
  • Frankfurt O, Rosen S T. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in hematologic malignancies: updates. Curr Opin Oncol 2004; 16: 553–563
  • Greenstein S, Krett N L, Kurosawa Y, Ma C, Chauhan D, Hideshima T, et al. Characterisation of the MM.1 human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines: a model system to elucidate the characteristics, behavior, and signaling of steroid-sensitive and -resistant MM cells. Exp Hematol 2003; 31: 271–282
  • Frassanito M A, Cusmai A, Iodice G, Dammacco F. Autocrine interleukin-6 production and highly malignant multiple myeloma: relation with resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. Blood 2001; 97: 483–489
  • Greenstein S, Ghias K, Krett N L, Rosen S T. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in hematological malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8: 1681–1694
  • Sommer P, Ray D W. Novel therapeutic agents targeting the glucocorticoid receptor for inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 9: 1070–1077
  • Yemelyanov A, Czwornog J, Gera L, Joshi S, Chatterton R T, Jr, Budunova I. Novel steroid receptor phyto-modulator compound A inhibits growth and survival of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 4763–4773
  • Hardin J, MacLeod S, Grigorieva I, Chang R, Barlogie B, Xiao H, et al. Interleukin-6 prevents dexamethasone-induced myeloma cell death. Blood 1994; 84: 3063–3070

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.