Leukemia and multi-drug resistance: too many mechanisms of drug resistance or too many doctors resistant?

References

• Milligan D W, Grimwade D, Cullis J O, Bond L, Swirsky D, Craddock C, et al. (British Committee for Standards in Haematology). Guidelines on the management of acute myeloid leukaemia in adults. Br J Haematol 2006; 135: 450–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe J M, Buck G, Burnett A K, Chopra R, Wiernik P H, Richards S M, et al. Induction therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of more than 1500 patients from the international ALL trial: MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993. Blood 2005; 106: 3760–3767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leith C P, Kopecky K J, Chen I M, Eijdems L, Slovak M L, McConnell T S, et al. Frequency and clinical significance of the expression of the multidrug resistance proteins MDR1/P-glycoprotein, MRP1, and LRP in acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Blood 1999; 94: 1086–1099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo D, Marie J P, Zhou D C, Faussat A M, Delmer A, Maisonneuve L, et al. Coexpression of anionic glutathione-S-transferase (GSTπ) and multidrug resistance (MDR1) genes in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. Leukemia 1994; 8: 881–884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers M HGP. ATP-binding-cassette transporters in hematopoietic stem cells and their utility as therapeutical targets in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21: 2094–2102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiani D, Tiribelli M, Calistri E, Geromin A, Chiarvesio A, Michelutti A, et al. The prognostic value of P-glycoprotein (ABCB) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) in adults with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with normal karyotype. Haematologica 2006; 91: 825–828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Casse E C, Mahoney D J, Cheung H H, Plenchette S, Baird S, Korneluk R G. IAP-targeted therapies for cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27: 6252–6275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasimir-Bauer S, Beelen D, Flasshove M, Noppeney R, Seeber S, Scheulen M E. Impact of the expression of P glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-related protein, bcl-2, mutant p53 and heat shock protein 27 on response to induction therapy and long term survival in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia. Exp Hematol 2002; 30: 1302–1308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• List A F, Kopecky K J, Willman C L, Head D R, Persons D L, Slovak M L, et al. Benefit of cyclosporine modulation of drug resistance in patients with poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Blood 2001; 98: 3212–3220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorr R, Karanes C, Spier C, Grogan T, Greer J, Moore J, et al. Phase I/II study of the P-glycoprotein modulator PSC 833 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 1589–1599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer M R, George S L, Dodge R K, O'Loughlin K L, Minderman H, Caligiuri M A, et al. Phase 3 study of the multidrug resistance modulator PSC-833 in previously untreated patients 60 years of age and older with acute myeloid leukemia: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9720. Blood 2002; 100: 1224–1232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg P L, Lee S J, Advani R, Tallman M S, Sikic B I, Letendre L, et al. Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine with or without valspodar in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a phase III trial (E2995). J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 1078–1086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Holt B, Lowenberg B, Burnett A K, Knauf W U, Shepherd J, Piccaluga P P, et al. The value of the MDR1 reversal agent PSC-833 in addition to daunorubicin and cytarabine in the treatment of elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in relation to MDR1 status at diagnosis. Blood 2005; 106: 2646–2654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolitz J E, George S L, Dodge R K, Hurd D D, Powell B L, Allen S L, et al. Dose escalation studies of cytarabine, daunorubicine and etoposide with and without multidrug resistance modulation with PSC-833 in untreated adults with acute myeloid leukaemia younger than 60 years: final induction results of cancer and leukaemia group B study 9621. J Clin Oncol 2004; 21: 4290–4201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancet J E, Baer M R, Duran G E, List A, Fielding R, Marcelletti J F, et al. A phase I trial of continuous infusion of the multidrug resistance inhibitor zosuquidar with daunorubicin and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solary E, Drenou B, Campos L, de Cremoux P, Mugneret F, Moreau P, et al. Quinine as a multidrug resistance inhibitor: a phase 3 multicentric randomized study in adult de novo acute myelogenous leukaemia. Blood 2003; 102: 1202–1210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo D, Piccaluga P, Michieli M G, Michelutti T, Visani G, Gugliotta L, et al. Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) for treatment of poor-risk acute leukemia. Ann Hematol 2002; 81: 462–466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo D, Malagola M, de Vivo A, Fiacchini M, Martinelli G, Piccaluga P P, et al. Multicentre phase III trial on fludarabine, cytarabine (Ara-C), and idarubicin versus idarubicin, Ara-C and etoposide for induction treatment of younger, newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients. Br J Haematol 2005; 131: 172–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malagola M, Damiani D, Martinelli G, Michelutti A, Cesana B, Vivo A D, et al. Case-control study of multidrug resistance phenotype and response to induction treatment including or not fludarabine in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients. Br J Haematol 2007; 136: 87–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter R B, Raden B W, Hong T C, Flowers D A, Bernstein I D, Linenberger M L. Multidrug resistance protein attenuates gemtuzumab ozogamicin-induced cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Blood 2003; 102: 1466–1473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon F X, Belloc F, Lagarde F, Chollet C, Moreau-Gaudry F, Reiffers J, et al. MDR-1 gene overexpression confers resistance to imatinib mesylate in leukemia cell line models. Blood 2003; 101: 2368–2373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger H, van Tol H, Boersma A WM, Brok M, Wiemer E AC, Stoter G, et al. Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is a substrate for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ABCG2 drug pump. Blood 2004; 9: 2940–2942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulucq S, Bouchet S, Turcq B, Lippert E, Etienne G, Reiffers J, et al. Multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) polymorphisms are associated with major molecular responses to standard-dose imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 2008; 112: 2024–2027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar