Leukapheresis reduces 4-week mortality in acute myeloid leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis – a retrospective study from a tertiary center

References

• Schwartz J, Winters JL, Padmanabhan A, et al. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice-evidence-based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for Apheresis: the sixth special issue. J Clin Apheresis. 2013;28:145–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzel C, Becker J, Mintz PD, et al. Hyperleukocytosis, leukostasis and leukapheresis: practice management. Blood Rev. 2012;26:117–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcu P, Cripe LD, Ng EW, et al. Hyperleukocytic leukemias and leukostasis: a review of pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Management. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;39:1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röllig C, Ehninger G. How I treat hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2015;125:3246–3252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cukierman T, Gatt ME, Libster D, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting with extreme hyperleukocytosis and thrombosis of the common femoral vein. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002;43:1865–1868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcu P, Danielson CF, Orazi A, et al. Therapeutic leukapheresis in hyperleucocytic leukaemias: lack of correlation between degree of cytoreduction and early mortality rate. Br J Haematol. 1997;98:433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtman MA, Rowe JM. Hyperleukocytic leukemias: rheological, clinical, and therapeutic considerations. Blood. 1982;60:279–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stucki A, Rivier AS, Gikic M, et al. Endothelial cell activation by myeloblasts: molecular mechanisms of leukostasis and leukemic cell dissemination. Blood. 2001;97:2121–2129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe EJ, Pui C-H, Hancock ML, et al. Early complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;45:10–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meckenstock G, Gattermann N, Schneider W, et al. The leukostasis syndrome with a cerebral infarct in rapidly progressing chronic lymphatic leukemia. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1991;116:1388–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutcher JP, Schiffer CA, Wiernik PH. Hyperleukocytosis in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: impact on remission rate and duration, and survival. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:1364–1372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles FJ, Shen Y, Kantarjian HM, et al. Leukapheresis reduces early mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with high white cell counts but does not improve long- term survival. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;42:67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novotny JR, Muller-Beissenhirtz H, Herget-Rosenthal S, et al. Grading of symptoms in hyperleukocytic leukaemia: a clinical model for the role of different blast types and promyelocytes in the development of leukostasis syndrome. Eur J Haematol. 2005;74:501–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcu P, Farag S, Marcucci G, et al. Leukocytoreduction for acute leukemia. Ther Apher. 2002;6:15–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bug G, Anargyrou K, Tonn T, et al. Impact of leukapheresis on early death rate in adult acute myeloid leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis. Transfusion. 2007;47:1843–1850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang MC, Chen TY, Tang JL, et al. Leukapheresis and cranial irradiation in patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia: no impact on early mortality and intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Hematol. 2007;82:976–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo KH, Callum JL, Panzarella T, et al. A retrospective observational study of leucoreductive strategies to manage patients with acute myeloid leukaemia presenting with hyperleucocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2015;168:384–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuttner J, Holland JF, Norton L, et al. Therapeutic leukapheresis for hyperleukocytosis in acute myelocytic leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1983;11:76–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lester TJ, Johnson JW, Cuttner J. Pulmonary leukostasis as the single worst prognostic factor in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia and hyperleukocytosis. Am J Med. 1985;79:43–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piro E, Carillio G, Levato L, et al. Reversal of leukostasis-related pulmonary distress syndrome after leukapheresis and low-dose chemotherapy in acute myeloid leuke- mia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:e725–e726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura GJ, Hester JP, Smith TL, et al. Acute myeloblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis: risk factors for early mortality in induction. Am J Hematol. 1988; 27:34–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastore F, Pastore A, Wittmann G, et al. The role of therapeutic leukapheresis in hyperleukocytotic AML. PLoS One. 2014;9:e95062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haase R, Merkel N, Diwan O, Elsner K, et al. Leukapheresis and exchange transfusion in children with acute leukemia and hyperleukocytosis. A single center experience. Klin Padiatr. 2009;221:374–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Santis GC, de Oliveira LC, Romano LG, et al. Therapeutic leukocytapheresis in patients with leukostasis secondary to acute myelogenous leukaemia. J Clin Apheresis. 2011;26:181–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberoi S, Lehrnbecher T, Phillips B, et al. Leukapheresis and low-dose chemotherapy do not reduce early mortality in acute myeloid leukemia hyperleukocytosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Leuk Res. 2014;38:460–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum W, Porcu P. Therapeutic apheresis in hyperleukocytosis and hyperviscosity syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2007;33:350–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood MJ, Seftel MD, Richardson C, et al. Leukocyte count as a predictor of death during remission induction in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47:1245–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey EH, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, et al. Causes of initial remission induction failure in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 1982;60:309–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunin NJ, Kunkel K, Callihan TR. Cytoreductive procedures in the early management in cases of leukemia and hyperleukocytosis in children. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1987;15:232–235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maurer HS, Steinherz PG, Gaynon PS, et al. The effect of initial management of hyperleukocytosis on early complications and outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1988;6:1425–1432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponniah A, Brown CT, Taylor P. Priapism secondary to leukemia: effective management with prompt leukapheresis. Int J Urol. 2004;11:809–810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong J, Wu B, Guo T, et al. Hyperleukocytosis: a report of five cases and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2014;8:1825–1827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasner MT, Laury A, Kasner SE, et al. Increased cerebral blood flow after leukapheresis for acute myelogenous leukemia. Am J Hematol. 2007;82:1110–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccirillo N, Laurenti L, Chiusolo P, et al. Reliability of leukostasis grading score to identify patients with high-risk hyperleukocytosis. Am J Hematol. 2009;84:381–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar