Norovirus and sapovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: is it worth it to look for them?

References

• Santoiemma PP, Ison MG, Angarone MP. Newer approaches in diagnosis of diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2019;32(5):461–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liakopoulou E, Mutton K, Carrington D, et al. Rotavirus as a significant cause of prolonged diarrhoeal illness and morbidity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005;36(8):691–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yolken RH, Bishop CA, Townsend TR, et al. Infectious gastroenteritis in bone-marrow-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1982;306(17):1010–1012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robak K, Zambonelli J, Bilinski J, et al. Diarrhea after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: beyond graft-versus-host disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(5):495–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bok K, Green KY. Norovirus gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(22):2126–2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK. Norovirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(18):1776–1785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oka T, Wang Q, Katayama K, et al. Comprehensive review of human sapoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(1):32–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos-Weil D, Ambert-Balay K, Lanternier F, et al. Impact of norovirus/sapovirus-related diarrhea in renal transplant recipients hospitalized for diarrhea. Transplantation. 2011;92(1):61–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartling L, Ljungman P, Remberger M, et al. Norovirus causing severe gastrointestinal disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective analysis. Transpl Infect Dis. 2018;20(2):e12847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye X, Van JN, Munoz FM, et al. Noroviruses as a cause of diarrhea in immunocompromised pediatric hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2015;15(7):1874–1881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neres Silva T, Dábilla N, Santos Corrêa T, et al. Sapovirus detection and quantification in fecal samples from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. VirusDisease. 2020;31(3):374–377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roddie C, Paul JPV, Benjamin R, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and norovirus gastroenteritis: a previously unrecognized cause of morbidity. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(7):1061–1068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers WS, Westblade LF, Soave R, et al. Impact of a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction panel on identifying diarrheal pathogens in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(7):1693–1700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueda R, Fuji S, Mori S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with norovirus gastroenteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation based on immunochromatography. Int J Hematol. 2015;102(1):121–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplon J, Théry L, Bidalot M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of four commercial triplex immunochromatographic tests for rapid detection of rotavirus, adenovirus, and norovirus in human stool samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;59(1):e01749-20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubiak J, Davidson E, Soave R, et al. Colonization with gastrointestinal pathogens prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation and associated clinical implications. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021;27(6):499.e1-499–e6.
   Google Scholar
• Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(3):331–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouédraogo N, Kaplon J, Bonkoungou IJO, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in children with diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLOS One. 2016;11(4):e0153652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman WH, Walsh JF, Kotch JB, et al. Prospective study of etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in child care centers. J Pediatr. 2009;154(2):253–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loisy F, Atmar RL, Guillon P, et al. Real-time RT-PCR for norovirus screening in shellfish. J Virol Methods. 2005;123(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Aguirre I, Steyer A, Boben J, et al. Sensitive detection of multiple rotavirus genotypes with a single reverse transcription-real-time quantitative PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(8):2547–2554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Cann P, Ranarijaona S, Monpoeho S, et al. Quantification of human astroviruses in sewage using real-time RT-PCR. Res Microbiol. 2004;155(1):11–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita T, Sugiyama M, Tsuzuki H, et al. Application of a reverse transcription-PCR for identification and differentiation of Aichi virus, a new member of the picornavirus family associated with gastroenteritis in humans. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(8):2955–2961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinjé J, Koopmans MP. Molecular detection and epidemiology of small round-structured viruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in The Netherlands. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(3):610–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kojima S, Kageyama T, Fukushi S, et al. Genogroup-specific PCR primers for detection of norwalk-like viruses. J Virol Methods. 2002;100(1–2):107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel JS, Liu BL, Humphrey CD, et al. Parkville virus: a novel genetic variant of human calicivirus in the Sapporo virus clade, associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in adults. J Med Virol. 1997;52(2):173–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel JS, Lee TW, Kurtz JB, et al. Typing of human astroviruses from clinical isolates by enzyme immunoassay and nucleotide sequencing. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33(4):797–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allard A, Albinsson B, Wadell G. Rapid typing of human adenoviruses by a general PCR combined with restriction endonuclease analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(2):498–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iturriza Gómara M, Kang G, Mammen A, et al. Characterization of G10P[11] rotaviruses causing acute gastroenteritis in neonates and infants in Vellore, India. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(6):2541–2547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantola K, Sadeghi M, Antikainen J, et al. Real-time quantitative PCR detection of four human bocaviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(11):4044–4050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles JDF, Cheuk DKL, Ha SY, et al. Norovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012;18(12):1883–1889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doshi M, Woodwell S, Kelleher K, et al. An outbreak of norovirus infection in a bone marrow transplant unit. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(9):820–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz S, Vergoulidou M, Schreier E, et al. Norovirus gastroenteritis causes severe and lethal complications after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2011;117(22):5850–5856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branch-Elliman W, Araujo-Castillo RV, Snyder GM, et al. Identification of a norovirus outbreak on a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit and development and implementation of a novel infection prevention algorithm for controlling transmission. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(4):472–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson M, Hedlund K-O, Thorhagen M, et al. Evolution of human calicivirus RNA in vivo: accumulation of mutations in the protruding P2 domain of the capsid leads to structural changes and possibly a new phenotype. J Virol. 2003;77(24):13117–13124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J-M, Liang Z-Y, Guo K, et al. Intra-host evolution of norovirus GII.4 in a chronic infected patient with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartling L, Sparrelid E, Ljungman P, et al. The importance of secretor-status in norovirus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Viruses. 2022;14(7):1350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Kampen JJA, Dalm VASH, Fraaij PLA, et al. Clinical and in-vitro evidence favoring immunoglobulin treatment of a chronic norovirus infection in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. J Infect Dis. 2022 Nov 11;226(10):1781–1789. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang W, Xu L, Ma B, et al. Nitazoxanide inhibits human norovirus replication and synergizes with ribavirin by activation of cellular antiviral response. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(11):e00707-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiq DM, Koo HL, Adachi JA, et al. Norovirus gastroenteritis successfully treated with nitazoxanide. J Infect. 2011;63(5):394–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghusson N, Vasquez G. Successfully treated norovirus- and Sapovirus-associated diarrhea in three renal transplant patients. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2018;2018:6846873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haubrich K, Gantt S, Blydt-Hansen T. Successful treatment of chronic norovirus gastroenteritis with nitazoxanide in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplant. 2018;22(4):e13186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedvat J, Salerno DM, Kovac D, et al. Nitazoxanide treatment for norovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2022;36:e14594.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar