144
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in MDS patients of older age

&
Pages 570-584 | Received 23 Nov 2023, Accepted 13 Jan 2024, Published online: 05 Feb 2024

References

  • Ma X. Epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Med. 2012;125(7): s 2–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.04.014
  • Greenberg PL, Tuechler H, Schanz J, et al. Revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2012;120(12):2454–2465. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-03-420489
  • Heinicke T, Krahl R, Kahl C, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves long-term outcome for relapsed AML patients across all ages: results from two east german study group hematology and oncology (OSHO) trials. Ann Hematol. 2021;100(9):2387–2398. doi:10.1007/s00277-021-04565-1
  • Wallen H, Gooley TA, Deeg HJ, et al. Ablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adults 60 years of age and older. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3439–3446. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.05.694
  • Steensma DP, Bejar R, Jaiswal S, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2015;126(1):9–16. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-03-631747
  • Genovese G, Kähler AK, Handsaker RE, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(26):2477–2487. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1409405
  • Papaemmanuil E, Gerstung M, Malcovati L, et al. Clinical and biological implications of driver mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2013;122(22):3616–3627; quiz 3699. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-08-518886
  • Fega KR, Abel GA, Motyckova G, et al. Non-hematologic predictors of mortality improve the prognostic value of the international prognostic scoring system for MDS in older adults. J Geriatr Oncol. 2015;6(4):288–298. doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2015.05.003
  • Atallah E, Logan B, Chen M, et al. Comparison of patient age groups in transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome: the medicare coverage with evidence development study. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(4):486–493. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.5140
  • Kröger N, Sockel K, Wolschke C, et al. Comparison between 5-azacytidine treatment and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in elderly patients with advanced MDS According to donor availability (VidazaAllo study). J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(30):3318–3327. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.02724
  • Cusatis R, Martens MJ, Nakamura R, et al. Health-related quality of life in reduced-intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation based on donor availability in patients aged 50-75 with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome: BMT CTN 1102. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(2):229–250. doi:10.1002/ajh.26768
  • Nakamura R, Saber W, Martens MJ, et al. Biologic assignment trial of reduced-intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation based on donor availability in patients 50–75 years of age with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(30):3328–3339. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.03380
  • Sorror ML. The use of prognostic models in allogeneic transplants: a perspective guide for clinicians and investigators. Blood. 2023;141(18):2173–2186. doi:10.1182/blood.2022017999
  • Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposals for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol. 1982;51(2):189–199. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb08475.x
  • Greenberg P, Cox C, LeBeau MM, et al. International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 1997;89(6):2079–2088. doi:10.1182/blood.V89.6.2079
  • Appelbaum FR, Anderson J. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome: outcomes analysis according to IPSS score. Leukemia. 1998;12(1):S25–S29.
  • de Witte T, Brand R, van Biezen A, et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with refractory anaemia with matched related and unrelated donors: delay of the transplant is associated with inferior survival. Br J Haematol. 2009;146(6):627–636. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07809.x
  • Koreth J, Pidala J, Perez WS, et al. Role of reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in older patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndromes: an international collaborative decision analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(21):2662–2670. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.46.8652
  • Heidenreich S, Ziagkos D, de Wreede LC, et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients age >/= 70 years with myelodysplastic syndrome: a retrospective study of the MDS subcommittee of the chronic malignancies working party of the EBMT. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017;23(1):44–52. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.09.027
  • Scheid C, de Wreede L, van Biezen A, et al. Validation of the revised IPSS at transplant in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/transformed acute myelogenous leukemia receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective analysis of the EBMT chronic malignancies working party. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017;52(11):1519–1525. doi:10.1038/bmt.2017.171
  • Abel GA, Kim HT, Hantel A, et al. Fit older adults with advanced myelodysplastic syndromes: who is most likely to benefit from transplant? Leukemia. 2021;35(4):1166–1175. doi:10.1038/s41375-020-01092-2
  • Ball BJ, Famulare CA, Stein EM, et al. Venetoclax and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) induce high response rates in MDS, including patients after HMA therapy failure. Blood Adv. 2020;4(13):2866–2870. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001482
  • Robin M, Porcher R, Adès L, et al. HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation improves outcome of higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome A prospective study on behalf of SFGM-TC and GFM. Leukemia. 2015;29(7):1496–1501. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.37
  • Voso MT, Leone G, Piciocchi A, et al. Feasibility of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation after azacitidine bridge in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and low blast count acute myeloid leukemia: results of the BMT-AZA prospective study. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(7):1547–1553. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx154
  • Zeidan AM, Borate U, Pollyea DA, et al. A phase 1b study of venetoclax and azacitidine combination in patients with relapsed or refractory myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(2):272–281. doi:10.1002/ajh.26771
  • Zeidan AM, Borate U, Pollyea DA, et al. Venetoclax and azacitidine in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood. 2021;138(1):537–537. doi:10.1182/blood-2021-145646
  • Bazinet A, Darbaniyan F, Jabbour E, et al. Azacitidine plus venetoclax in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: phase 1 results of a single-Centre, dose-escalation, dose-expansion, phase 1-2 study. Lancet Haematol. 2022;9(10):e756–e765. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(22)00216-2
  • Bazinet A, Jabbour EJ, Kantarjian H, et al. A phase I/II study of venetoclax in combination with 5-Azacytidine in treatment-Naïve and relapsed/refractory high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Blood. 2021;138(1):535–535. doi:10.1182/blood-2021-153086
  • Mishra A, Corrales-Yepez M, Ali NA, et al. Validation of the revised international prognostic scoring system in treated patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(7):566–570. doi:10.1002/ajh.23454
  • Sorror ML, Sandmaier BM, Storer BE, et al. Long-term outcomes among older patients following nonmyeloablative conditioning and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for advanced hematologic malignancies. J Am Med Assoc. 2011;306(17):1874–1883. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1558
  • Bernard E, Tuechler H, Greenberg PL, et al. Molecular international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes. NEJM Evidence. 2022;1(7):EVIDoa2200008. doi:10.1056/EVIDoa2200008
  • Sierra J, Pérez WS, Rozman C, et al. Bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings as treatment for myelodysplasia. Blood. 2002;100(6):1997–2004.
  • Lim Z, Brand R, Martino R, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for patients 50 years or older with myelodysplastic syndromes or secondary acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3):405–411. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.21.8073
  • McClune BL, Weisdorf DJ, Pedersen TL, et al. Effect of age on outcome of reduced-intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission or with myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(11):1878–1887. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.4821
  • Lee SE, Kim YJ, Yahng SA, et al. Survival benefits from reduced-intensity conditioning in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for young lower-risk MDS patients without significant comorbidities. Eur J Haematol. 2011;87(6):510–520. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01697.x
  • Detrait M, Chevallier P, Sobh M, et al. Outcome of high-risk and refractory aml/mds patients re- ceiving a flamsa sequential chemotherapy regimen followed by reduced-intensity conditioning (ric) and allogeneic hem-atopoeitic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct). Transplant Cell Ther. 2012;18:S335–S336.
  • Fenaux P, Platzbecker U, Mufti GJ, et al. Luspatercept in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(2):140–151. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1908892
  • Platzbecker U, Della Porta MG, Santini V, et al. Efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (COMMANDS): interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10399):373–385. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00874-7
  • Kröger N, Zabelina T, de Wreede L, et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for older advanced MDS patients: improved survival with young unrelated donor in comparison with HLA-identical siblings. Leukemia. 2013;27(3):604–609. doi:10.1038/leu.2012.210
  • Jentzsch M, Döhring C, Linke R, et al. Comparison of non-myeloablative and reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation in older patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Hematol. 2019;94(12):1344–1352. doi:10.1002/ajh.25636
  • Shimoni A, Robin M, Iacobelli S, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome using treosulfan based compared to other reduced-intensity or myeloablative conditioning regimens. A report of the chronic malignancies working party of the EBMT. Br J Haematol. 2021;195(3):417–428. doi:10.1111/bjh.17817
  • Braitsch K, Schwarz A, Koch K, et al. Conditioning with fludarabine and treosulfan compared to FLAMSA-RIC in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myeloid malignancies: a retrospective single-center analysis. Ann Hematol. 2022;101(6):1311–1319. doi:10.1007/s00277-022-04822-x
  • Kröger N, Iacobelli S, Franke G-N, et al. Dose-reduced versus standard conditioning followed by allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: a prospective randomized phase III study of the EBMT (RICMAC trial). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(19):2157–2164. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.70.7349
  • Beelen DW, Trenschel R, Stelljes M, et al. Treosulfan or busulfan plus fludarabine as conditioning treatment before allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MC-FludT.14/L): a randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(1):e28–e39. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(19)30157-7
  • Craddock C, Jackson AE, Malladi KR, et al. The sequential flamsa-bu conditioning regimen does not improve outcome in patients allografted for high risk acute myeloid and myelodysplasia irrespective of pre-transplant MRD status: results of the UK NCRI figaro trial. Blood. 2031;134(1):2031–2031. doi:10.1182/blood-2019-125646
  • Garcia JS, Kim HT, Murdock HM, et al. Adding venetoclax to fludarabine/busulfan RIC transplant for high-risk MDS and AML is feasible, safe, and active. Blood Adv. 2021;5(24):5536–5545. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005566
  • Cutler CS, Lee SJ, Greenberg P, et al. A decision analysis of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for the myelodysplastic syndromes: delayed transplantation for low-risk myelodysplasia is associated with improved outcome. Blood. 2004;104(2):579–585. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-01-0338
  • Alessandrino EP, Porta MG, Malcovati L, et al. Optimal timing of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(7):581–588. doi:10.1002/ajh.23458
  • Della Porta MG, Jackson CH, Alessandrino EP, et al. Decision analysis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome stratified according to the revised international prognostic scoring system. Leukemia. 2017;31(11):2449–2457. doi:10.1038/leu.2017.88
  • Tentori CA, Gregorio C, Robin M, et al. Clinical and genomic-based decision support system to define the optimal timing of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Blood. 2023;142(1):197–197. doi:10.1182/blood-2023-182194
  • Wildes TM, Stirewalt DL, Medeiros B, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies in older adults: geriatric principles in the transplant clinic. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014;12(1):128–136. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2014.0010
  • Muffly LS, Kocherginsky M, Stock W, et al. Geriatric assessment to predict survival in older allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. Haematologica. 2014;99(8):1373–1379. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.103655
  • Feinstein AR. The pre-therapeutic classification OF co-morbidity IN chronic disease. J Chronic Dis. 1970;23(7):455–468. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(70)90054-8
  • Extermann M. Measurement and impact of comorbidity in older cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2000;35(3):181–200. doi:10.1016/s1040-8428(00)00090-1
  • Sorror ML, Maris MB, Storb R, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)-specific comorbidity index: a new tool for risk assessment before allogeneic HCT. Blood. 2005;106(8):2912–2919. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-05-2004
  • Della Porta MG, Alessandrino EP, Bacigalupo A, et al. Predictive factors for the outcome of allogeneic transplantation in patients with MDS stratified according to the revised IPSS-R. Blood. 2014;123(15):2333–2342. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-12-542720
  • Shaffer BC, Ahn KW, Hu ZH, et al. Scoring system prognostic of outcome in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(16):1864–1871. doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.65.0515
  • Gagelmann N, Eikema DJ, Stelljes M, et al. Optimized EBMT transplant-specific risk score in myelodysplastic syndromes after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2019;104(5):929–936. doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.200808
  • Gurnari C, Gagelmann N, Badbaran A, et al. Outcome prediction in myelodysplastic neoplasm undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant in the molecular era of IPSS-M. Leukemia. 2023;37(3):717–719. doi:10.1038/s41375-023-01820-4
  • Armand P, Kim HT, Logan BR, et al. Validation and refinement of the disease risk index for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2014;123(23):3664–3671. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-01-552984
  • Kennedy VE, Olin RL. Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in older adults: geriatric assessment, donor considerations, and optimisation of care. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8(11):e853–e861. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00231-3
  • Moyo V, Lefebvre P, Duh MS, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes: a meta-analysis. Ann Hematol. 2008;87(7):527–536. doi:10.1007/s00277-008-0450-7
  • Jädersten M, Malcovati L, Dybedal I, et al. Erythropoietin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment associated with improved survival in myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(21):3607–3613. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.15.4906
  • Tehranchi R, Woll PS, Anderson K, et al. Persistent malignant stem cells in del(5q) myelodysplasia in remission. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(11):1025–1037. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0912228
  • Fenaux P, Mufti GJ, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, et al. Efficacy of azacitidine compared with that of conventional care regimens in the treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a randomised. Open-Label Phase III Study. 2009;10:223–232.
  • Garcia-Manero G, Santini V, Almeida A, et al. Phase III, randomized, Placebo-Controlled trial of CC-486 (oral azacitidine) in patients With Lower-Risk myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(13):1426–1436. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.02619
  • Kantarjian H, Issa JP, Rosenfeld CS, et al. Decitabine improves patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes: results of a phase III randomized study. Cancer. 2006;106(8):1794–1803. doi:10.1002/cncr.21792
  • Damaj G, Mohty M, Robin M, et al. Upfront allogeneic stem cell transplantation after reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: a study by the societe francaise de greffe de moelle et de therapie cellulaire. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2014;20(9):1349–1355. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.05.010
  • Schroeder T, Wegener N, Lauseker M, et al. Comparison between upfront transplantation and different pretransplant cytoreductive treatment approaches in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myelogenous leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25(8):1550–1559. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.03.011
  • Potter VT, Iacobelli S, van Biezen A, et al. Comparison of intensive chemotherapy and hypomethylating agents before allogeneic stem cell transplantation for advanced myelodysplastic syndromes: a study of the myelodysplastic syndrome subcommittee of the chronic malignancies working party of the european society for blood and marrow transplant research. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22(9):1615–1620. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.05.026
  • Gerds AT, Gooley TA, Estey EH, et al. Pretransplantation therapy with azacitidine vs induction chemotherapy and posttransplantation outcome in patients with MDS. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012;18(8):1211–1218. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.01.009
  • Niederwieser C, Kröger N. Current status of pretransplant intensive chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents for myelodysplastic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2021;34(4):101332. doi:10.1016/j.beha.2021.101332
  • Festuccia M, Baker K, Gooley TA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in myelodysplastic syndromes after treatment with hypomethylating agents. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017;23(9):1509–1514. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.05.034
  • de Witte T, Suciu S, Verhoef G, et al. Intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia following MDS. Blood. 2001;98(8):2326–2331. doi:10.1182/blood.v98.8.2326
  • Peterlin P, Turlure P, Chevallier P, et al. CPX 351 As first line treatment in higher risk MDS. a phase II trial By the GFM. Blood. 2021;138(1):243–243. doi:10.1182/blood-2021-145123
  • Alotaibi S, Niederwieser D, Ahmed SO, et al. Current status of CPX-351 therapy in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2022;22(8):575–580. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2022.02.008
  • Warlick ED, Cioc A, Defor T, et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for adults with myelodysplastic syndromes: importance of pretransplant disease burden. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15(1):30–38. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.10.012
  • Parker JE, Mufti GJ, Rasool F, et al. The role of apoptosis, proliferation, and the bcl-2-related proteins in the myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS. Blood. 2000;96(12):3932–3938.
  • Jilg S, Reidel V, Müller-Thomas C, et al. Blockade of BCL-2 proteins efficiently induces apoptosis in progenitor cells of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes patients. Leukemia. 2016;30(1):112–123. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.179
  • Jilg S, Hauch RT, Kauschinger J, et al. Venetoclax with azacitidine targets refractory MDS but spares healthy hematopoiesis at tailored dose. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2019;8(1):9. doi:10.1186/s40164-019-0133-1
  • Garcia JS, Wei AH, Jacoby MA, et al. Molecular responses are observed across mutational spectrum in treatment-Naïve higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with venetoclax Plus azacitidine. Blood. 2021;138(1):241–241. doi:10.1182/blood-2021-145613
  • Short NJ, Ong F, Ravandi F, et al. Impact of type of induction therapy on outcomes in older adults with AML after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv. 2023;7(14):3573–3581. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009632
  • Slavin S, Nagler A, Naparstek E, et al. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation and cell therapy as an alternative to conventional bone marrow transplantation with lethal cytoreduction for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases. Blood. 1998;91(3):756–763. doi:10.1182/blood.V91.3.756
  • McSweeney PA, Niederwieser D, Shizuru JA, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in older patients with hematologic malignancies: replacing high-dose cytotoxic therapy with graft-versus-tumor effects. Blood. 2001;97(11):3390–3400. doi:10.1182/blood.v97.11.3390
  • Piemontese S, Lazzari L, Ruggeri A, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients older than 65 years with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: a 15-year experience. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2022;57(4):678–680. doi:10.1038/s41409-022-01600-1
  • Bucy RP, Hanto DW, Berens E, et al. Lack of an obligate role for IFN-gamma in the primary in vitro mixed lymphocyte response. J Immunol. 1988;140(4):1148–1152.
  • Craddock C, Jackson A, Loke J, et al. Augmented Reduced-Intensity regimen does not improve postallogeneic transplant outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(7):768–778. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.02308
  • Davis JE, Du K, Ludford-Menting MJ, et al. Venetoclax or ruxolitinib in pre-transplant conditioning lowers the engraftment barrier by different mechanisms in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Front Immunol. 2021;12:749094. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.749094
  • Copelan EA. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(17):1813–1826. doi:10.1056/NEJMra052638
  • de Witte T, Bowen D, Robin M, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for MDS and CMML: recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2017;129(13):1753–1762. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-06-724500
  • Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Bazuaye N, et al. One and a half million hematopoietic stem cell transplants: continuous and differential improvement in worldwide access with the use of non-identical family donors. Haematologica. 2022;107(5):1045–1053. doi:10.3324/haematol.2021.279189
  • Devillier R, Bramanti S, Fürst S, et al. T-replete haploidentical allogeneic transplantation using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in advanced AML and myelodysplastic syndromes. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016;51(2):194–198. doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.270
  • Guru Murthy GS, Kim S, Hu ZH, et al. Relapse and disease-free survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using older matched sibling donors vs younger matched unrelated donors. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(3):404–411. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6846
  • Kollman C, Howe CW, Anasetti C, et al. Donor characteristics as risk factors in recipients after transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors: the effect of donor age. Blood. 2001;98(7):2043–2051. doi:10.1182/blood.V98.7.2043
  • Thomas ED. Karnofsky memorial lecture. Marrow transplantation for malignant diseases. J Clin Oncol. 1983;1(9):517–531. doi:10.1200/JCO.1983.1.9.517
  • Appelbaum FR, Storb R, Ramberg RE, et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation in the treatment of preleukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100(5):689–693. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-689
  • O‘Donnell MR, Nademanee AP, Snyder DS, et al. Bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5(11):1822–1826. doi:10.1200/JCO.1987.5.11.1822
  • De Witte T, Zwaan F, Hermans J, et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for secondary leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: a survey by the leukaemia working party of the european bone marrow transplantation group (EBMTG). Br J Haematol. 1990;74(2):151–155. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb02558.x
  • Ballen KK, Gilliland DG, Guinan EC, et al. Bone marrow transplantation for therapy-related myelodysplasia: comparison with primary myelodysplasia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997;20(9):737–743. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1700971
  • Zeiser R, Polverelli N, Ram R, et al. Ruxolitinib for glucocorticoid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(3):228–238. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2033122
  • Zeiser R, von Bubnoff N, Butler J, et al. Ruxolitinib for glucocorticoid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(19):1800–1810. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1917635
  • de Lima M, Porter DL, Battiwalla M, et al. Proceedings from the national cancer institute’s second international workshop on the biology, prevention, and treatment of relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: part III. Prevention and treatment of relapse after allogeneic transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2014;20(1):4–13. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.08.012
  • Tsirigotis P, Byrne M, Schmid C, et al. Relapse of AML after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: methods of monitoring and preventive strategies. A review from the ALWP of the EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016;51(11):1431–1438. doi:10.1038/bmt.2016.167
  • Bejanyan N, Weisdorf DJ, Logan BR, et al. Survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a center for international blood and marrow transplant research study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(3):454–459. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.007
  • Ossenkoppele GJ, Janssen JJ, van de Loosdrecht AA. Risk factors for relapse after allogeneic transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2016;101(1):20–25. doi:10.3324/haematol.2015.139105
  • Oran B, de Lima M, Garcia-Manero G, et al. A phase 3 randomized study of 5-azacitidine maintenance vs observation after transplant in high-risk AML and MDS patients. Blood Adv. 2020;4(21):5580–5588. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002544
  • Shah MV, Jorgensen JL, Saliba RM, et al. Early post-transplant minimal residual disease assessment improves risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018;24(7):1514–1520. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.02.003
  • Shapiro RM, Kim DDH. Next-generation sequencing-based minimal residual disease monitoring in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Curr Opin Hematol. 2018;25(6):425–432. doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000464
  • Jongen-Lavrencic M, Grob T, Hanekamp D, et al. Molecular minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(13):1189–1199. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1716863
  • Platzbecker U, Middeke JM, Sockel K, et al. Measurable residual disease-guided treatment with azacitidine to prevent haematological relapse in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia (RELAZA2): an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(12):1668–1679. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30580-1
  • Vucinic V, Jentzsch M, Leiblein S, et al. Stem-cell mobilization of healthy sibling donors with pegfilgrastim-A prospective open-label phase II trial (EudraCT no: 2005-004971-39). Transfusion. 2022;62(1):157–164. doi:10.1111/trf.16761
  • Bill M, Grimm J, Jentzsch M, et al. Digital droplet PCR-based absolute quantification of pre-transplant NPM1 mutation burden predicts relapse in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Ann Hematol. 2018;97(10):1757–1765. doi:10.1007/s00277-018-3373-y
  • Mannina D, Badbaran A, Wolschke C, et al. Digital-droplet PCR assays for IDH, DNMT3A and driver mutations to monitor after allogeneic stem cell transplantation minimal residual disease of myelofibrosis. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2022;57(3):510–512. doi:10.1038/s41409-022-01566-0
  • Nakamura S, Yokoyama K, Shimizu E, et al. Prognostic impact of circulating tumor DNA status post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in AML and MDS. Blood. 2019;133(25):2682–2695. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-10-880690
  • Colmenares R, Álvarez N, Barrio S, et al. The minimal residual disease using liquid biopsies in hematological malignancies. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(5):1310. doi:10.3390/cancers14051310
  • Pan J, Altman D, Wilde L. Measurable residual disease-guided treatment to prevent relapse in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Front Oncol. 2020;10:576924. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.576924
  • Baumeister SH, Murad J, Werner L, et al. Phase I trial of autologous CAR T cells targeting NKG2D ligands in patients with AML/MDS and multiple myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7(1):100–112. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0307
  • Pereira MP, Herrity E, Kim DDH. TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: biology, treatment challenges, and upcoming approaches. Ann Hematol. 2023 Sep 28. doi:10.1007/s00277-023-05462-5. Online ahead of print.
  • Papageorgiou SG, Vasilatou D, Kontos CK, et al. The prognostic value of monosomal karyotype (MK) in higher-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with 5-Azacitidine: a retrospective analysis of the hellenic (greek) myelodysplastic syndromes study group. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(7):895–901. doi:10.1002/ajh.25111
  • Versluis J, Saber W, Tsai HK, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation improves outcome in myelodysplastic syndrome Across high-risk genetic subgroups: genetic analysis of the blood and marrow transplant clinical trials network 1102 study. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(28):4497–4510. doi:10.1200/JCO.23.00866
  • Jain T, Ware AD, Dalton WB, et al. Co-occurring mutations in ASXL1, SRSF2, and SETBP1 define a subset of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with neutrophilia. Leuk Res. 2023;131:107345. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107345
  • Busemeyer JR, Kvam PD, Pleskac TJ. Comparison of markov versus quantum dynamical models of human decision making. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2020;11(4):e1526. doi:10.1002/wcs.1526
  • Kantarjian HM, Larson RA, Guilhot F, et al. Efficacy of imatinib dose escalation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Cancer. 2009;115(3):551–560. doi:10.1002/cncr.24066

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.