- Moore , R.D. 1997 . Nationalizing Blackness: Afrocubanismo and Artistic Revolution in Havana 1920-1940 , Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press .
- Perez , L. 1999 . On Becoming Cuban , Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press . , for a discussion of the appropriation of Afro-Cuban culture in elite and avant guard cultural production.
- Fanon , F. 1967 . Black Skin , Edited by: White Masks , C. and Markham , Lam . New York : Grove Press .
- de Juan , A. 1980 . Pintura Cubana: Ternas y Variaciones , Mexico, DF : Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico . The historical record of artistic production in Cuba contains only one female artist of the 19th century, Juana Borrero (1877-1896.) She was, significantly, a woman of color. She died at the extremely young age of 20, leaving behind only two paintings and some drawings. These few works represent women and children of color, and they combine conventional Victorian sentimentality with sensitivity towards their subject matter, a combination seen nowhere else in 19th-century Cuban art. While these works are not central to this discussion, they must be considered in a thorough analysis of Cuban artistic production and history. For a general discussion of Cuban art history, see
- Rigoll , J. 1982 . Apuntes sobre la pintura y el grabado en Cuba: de los origenes a 1927 , Habana : Editorialletras Cubanas .
- Martinez , J. 1994 . Cuban Art and national identity: The Vanguardia Painters 1927-1950 , Gainesville : University Press of Florida .
- Saiz , G. and Concepcion , M. 1989 . Las Castas Mexicanas , Milan : Olivetti . There is a growing body of literature that looks at the artworks produced throughout Spanish America in the colonial era known as castas (castesheets). Castas graphically mapped out the constituent components and gradations in racial intermixing. See
- Fraunhar , A. 1999 . “ 'The Mulata Cubana in Marquillas Cigarreras', ” . Santa Barbara : University of California . This was particularly so in the case of casta sheets, almost all of which were sent to Spain. In Cuba, advertising such as marquillas cigarreras (cigarette wrapping papers) mapped out 19th-century Cuban social norms and tropes. See unpublished Masters thesis,
- Mulvey , L. 1989 . “ 'Visual Pleasure in Narrative Cinema' (1975 reprint) ” . In Visual and Other Pleasures , Bloomington : Indiana University Press . The feminist intervention in Lacanian gaze theory has provided a powerful tool for decoding visual relations of power. See for a rich discussion of the mechanism by which identity and identification are set up.
- Martinez-Alier , V. 1974 . Marriage and Class in Nineteenth Century Cuba: A Study of Racial Attitudes and Sexual Values in a Slave Society , London : Cambridge Latin American Studies . See, for example,
- Kutzinski , V. 1993 . Sugar's Secrets Race and the Erotics of Nationalism , Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia . and New York: Cambridge University Press;
- Villaverde , C. 1964/1882 . Cecilia Valdez o La loma del angel, , Havana : Consejo Nacional de la Cultura; and Francisco . Among the literary texts that establish this trope in the 19th century, see (Anselmo, Havana: Suarez y Romero, 1880).
- Bhabba , H.K. 1994 . The Location of Culture, London: Routledge, originally published in October Anthology , 1987 Boston, MA : MIT Press .
- Ibid.
- Gilroy , P. 1993 . The Black Atlantic: Counterculture of Modernity , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Young , RJ.C. 1995 . Colonial Desire , London : Routledge, for discussion of hybridity .
- Anderson , B. 1991 . Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism , London : Verso . I borrow the concept of 'imagining' from Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities in which he argues that the nation is imagined as a community by people who share ethnic, cultural, racial, traits or religious or ideological beliefs. See
- Chatterjee P. (1986) Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse? London: Zed. Chatterjee argues against Anderson's Eurocentric model of nationhood, asserting that nationalism in postcolonial regions need not be based on European ideas but can be anti-colonialist and use local relations of knowledge.
- Stratton , S. 1994 . The Immaculate Conception in Spanish Art , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, for a thorough discussion of Marian iconology .
- Mignolo . 2000 . Local Histories, Global Design , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- De la Campa , R. 1999 . Latin Americanism, , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
- Coronel F. (1995) 'Introduction' to F. Ortiz, Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar, Durham and London, Duke University Press, for discussion of Ortiz in the context of postmodern thought.
- Ortiz , F. 1995 . Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar , 98 – 99 . Durham and London : Duke University Press .
Emergences: Journal for the Study of Media & Composite Cultures
Volume 12, 2002 - Issue 2