A National Comparison of Police Academies Operated by Academic Institutions and by Law Enforcement Agencies: Different Strokes for Different Folks?

References

• Blumberg, D. M., Schlosser, M. D., Papazoglou, K., Creighton, S., & Kaye, C. C. (2019). New directions in police academy training: A call to action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Justice Statistics. (n.d). Census of state and local law enforcement training academies, 2013. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics.. doi:10.3886/ICPSR36764.v1
   Google Scholar
• Bykov, O. (2014). Police academy training: An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of police academies. Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science, 2(1), 142–159. doi:10.31979/THEMIS.2014.0209
   Google Scholar
• CALEA. (n.d). Public safety training academy accreditation program. Retrieved from https://www.calea.org/training-academy
   Google Scholar
• Chappell, A. T. (2008). Police academy training: Comparing across curricula. International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 31, 36–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crank, J. P. (1994). Watchman and community: Myth and institutionalization in policing. Law & Society Review, 28(2), 325–351. doi:10.2307/3054149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiIulio, J. J. (1990). Governing prisons. Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, T., & Seng, M. (1984). Police entry level curriculum: A thirty-year perspective. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12, 251–259.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, T. M. (1954). Analysis and observation of the methods of selection and training of police officers in principle cities of the United States [Master's thesis, Loyola University of Chicago]. Loyola University of Chicago eCommons. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1017/
   Google Scholar
• Henson, B., Reyns, B. W., Klahm, I. V., C., & Frank, J. (2010). Do good recruits make good cops? Problems predicting and measuring academy and street-level success. Police Quarterly, 13(1), 5–26. doi:10.1177/1098611109357320
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby, J. E. (1981). The American prosecutor: A search for identity. Michigan Law Review, 79(4), 919–960. doi:10.2307/1288321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerner Commission. (1968). National advisory commission on civil disorder. US Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, E. H., Flack, C. B., Parham, K., & Wohlstetter, P. (2021). Equity in secondary career and technical education in the United States: A theoretical framework and systematic literature review. Review of Educational Research, 91(3), 356–396. DOI 10.310d2%2F0034654321995243. doi:10.3102/0034654321995243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles, M. S. (1977). Adult learning processes: Pedagogy and andragogy. Religious Education, 72(2), 202–211. doi:10.1080/0034408770720210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, C. (2018). You have the right to remain violent: Police academy curricula and the facilitation of police overreach. Social Justice, 45, 75–91.
   Google Scholar
• Makin, D. A. (2016). A descriptive analysis of a problem-based learning police academy. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 10, 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazerolle, L., Sargeant, E., Cherney, A., Bennett, S., Murphy, K., Antrobus, E., & Martin, P. (2014). Procedural justice and legitimacy in policing. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, K., Wolfe, S., Rojek, J., Alpert, G., & Smith, M. (2020). Police officers as warriors or guardians: Empirical reality or intriguing rhetoric? Justice Quarterly, 37(6), 1096–1118. doi:10.1080/07418825.2018.1533031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevers, K. (2019). Predictors of successful police academy recruits and rationalizations for attrition. Police Practice and Research, 20(4), 343–359. doi:10.1080/15614263.2018.1484289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967). The challenge of crime in a free society. U. S. Government Printing Office. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=709498
   Google Scholar
• President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (2015). Final report of the president’s task force on 21st century policing. Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services, US Department of Justice. Retrieved from https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/taskforce_finalreport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Reaves, B. (2016). State and local law enforcement training academies, 2013. NCJ 249784. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rymaszewski, H. L., & Breakwell, S. (2013). A retrospective review of sliding scale vs. basal/bolus insulin protocols. Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 9(4), 214-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.03.00
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, M. D. (2013). Racial attitudes of police recruits in the United States Midwest Police Academy: A quantitative examination. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 8, 215–240.
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, M. D., Cha-Jua, S., Valgoi, M. J., & Neville, H. A. (2015). Improving policing in a multiracial society in the United States: A new approach. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 10, 115–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan, III, J. J., & Paoline, III, E. A. (2021). They need better training! A national-level analysis of police basic training priorities. Police Quarterly. 128, 225–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoughton, S. W. (2015). Law enforcement's warrior problem. Harvard Law Review, 128, 225–255.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d). 2010 census regions and divisions of the United States. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-maps/2010/geo/2010-census-regions-and-divisions-of-the-united-states.html
   Google Scholar
• Vander Kooi, G., & Bierlein Palmer, L. (2014). Problem-based learning for police academy students: Comparison of those receiving such instruction with those in traditional programs. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 25(2), 175–195. doi:10.1080/10511253.2014.882368
   Google Scholar
• White, M. D. (2008). Identifying good cops early: Predicting recruit performance in the academy. Police Quarterly, 11(1), 27–49. doi:10.1177/1098611107309625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worden, A. P. (2015). Courts and communities: Toward a theoretical synthesis. In E. R. Maguire & D. E. Duffee (Eds.), Criminal justice theory: Explaining the nature and behavior of criminal justice (pp. 243–285). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zimney, K. (2015). Racial attitudes of police recruits at the United States Midwest Police Academy: A second examination. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 10(1), 91–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar