Alterations in growth plate and articular cartilage morphology are associated with reduced SOX9 localization in the magnesium-deficient rat

References

• Booth BE, Johanson A (1974) Hypomagnesemia due to renal tubular defect in reabsorption of magnesium. J. Pediatr. 84: 350 – 354.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boskey AL, Rimnac CM, Bansal M, Federman M, Lian J, Boyan BD (1992) Effect of short-term hypomagnesemia on the chemical and mechanical properties of rat bone. J. Orthop. Res. 10: 774 – 783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter TO, Barton CN, Park YK (2000) Usual dietarymagnesium intake in NHANES III is associated with femoral bone mass. J. Bone Miner. Res. 15 Suppl. 1: S292 -S292. Carpenter TO, Mackowiak SJ, Troiano N, Gundberg CM (1992) Osteocalcin and its message: relationship to bone histology in magnesium-deprived rats. Am. J. Physiol. 263: E107 - E114.
   Google Scholar
• Gruber HE, Marshall GJ, Kirchen ME, Kang J, Massry SG (1985) Improvements in dehydration and cement line staining for methacrylate embedded human bone biop- sies. Stain Technol. 60: 337 – 344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber HE, Massry SG, Brautbar N (1994) Effect of relatively long-term hypomagnesemia on the chondro- osseous features of the rat vertebrae. Miner. Electrolyte Metab. 20: 282 – 286.
   Google Scholar
• Gruber HE, Ingram J, Hanley EN Jr (2002) An improved staining method for intervertebral disc tissue. Biotech. & Histochem. 77: 81 – 83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy C, Uwanogho D, Sharpe PT (1999) Regulation and role of Sox9 in cartilage formation. Dev. Dyn. 215: 69 – 78.
   Google Scholar
• Huang WD, Chung U, Kronenberg HM, De Crom- brugghe B (2001) The chondrogenic transcription factor Sox9 is a target of signaling by the parathyroid hormone- related peptide in the growth plate of endochondral bones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 160 – 165.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt BJ, Belanger LF (1972) Localized, multiformsub-periosteal hyperplasia and generalized osteomyelo- sclerosis in magnesium-deficient rats. Calcif. Tissue Res. 9: 17 – 27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kantorovich V, Adams JS, Gaines JE, Guo X, Pandian MR, Cohn DH, Rude RK (2002) Genetic heterogeneity in familial renal magnesium wasting. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 612 – 617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsenty G (2003) The complexities of skeletal biology. Nature 423: 316 – 318.
   Google Scholar
• Kenney MA, McCoy H, Williams L (1994) Effects of magnesium deficiency on strength, mass and composi- tion of rat femur. Calcif. Tissue Res. 54: 44 – 49.
   Google Scholar
• Klingberg W (1970) Idiopathic hypomagnesemia and osteochondritis. Pediatr. Res. 4: 452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronenberg HM (2003) Developmental regulation of the growth plate. Nature 423: 332 – 336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre V, Behringer RR, De Crombrugghe B (2001) L-Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 control essential steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway. Osteoarth. Cart. 9: S69 - S75.
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre V, Huang W, Harley VR, Goodfellow PN, de Crombrugghe G (1997) SOX9 is a potent activator of the chondrocyte-specific enhancer of the pro alpha 1(II) collagengene. Molec. Cell. Biol. 17: 2336– 2346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milazzo SC, Ahern MJ, Cleland LG, Henderson DRF(1981) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease and familial hypomagnesemia. J. Rheumatol. 8: 767 – 771.
   Google Scholar
• Mirra JM, Alcock NW, Shils ME, Tannenbaum P (1982) Effects of calcium and magnesium deficiencies on rat skeletal development and parathyroid gland area. Mag- nesium 1: 16 – 33.
   Google Scholar
• New SA, Bolton-Smith C, Grubb DA, Reid DM (1997) Nutritional influences on bone mineral density: A cross- sectional study in premenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65: 1831– 1839.
   Google Scholar
• New SA, Robins SP, Campbell MK, Martin JCGMJ, Bolton-Smith C, Brubb DA, Lee SJ, Reid DM (2000) Dietary influences on bone mass and bone metabolism: further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 142 - 151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rude RK, Gruber HE, Wei LY, Frausto A, Mills BG(2003) Magnesium deficiency: Effect on bone and mineral metabolism in the mouse. Calcif. Tissue Int. 72: 32 – 41. Rude RK, Gruber HE, Norton HJ, Wei LY, Frausto A, Mills BG (2004) Bone loss induced by dietary magne- sium reduction to 10% of nutrient requirement in rats is associated with increased release of substance P and TNFa. J. Nutr. 134: 79 – 85.
   Google Scholar
• Rude RK, Kirchen ME, Gruber HE, Meyer MH, LuckJS, Crawford DL (1999) Magnesium deficiency-induced osteoporosis in the rat: uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption. Magnesium Res. 12: 257 - 267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rude RK, Kirchen ME, Gruber HE, Stasky AA, Meyer MH (1998) Magnesium deficiency induces bone loss in the rat. Miner. Electrolyte Metab. 24: 314 – 320.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rude RK, Oldham SB, Sharp CF, Singer FR (1978) Parathyroid hormone secretion in magnesium deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 47: 800 – 806.
   Google Scholar
• Runeberg L, Collan Y, Jokinen EJ, Lahdevirta J, Aro A (1975) Hypomagnesemia due to renal disease of un- known etiology. Am. J. Med. 59: 873 – 881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz NB, Domowicz M (1998) Proteoglycan gene mutations and impaired skeletal development. In: Skeletal Growth and Development: Clinical Issues and Basic Science Advances, Buckwalter JA, Ehrlich MG, Sandell LJ, Trippel SB, Eds. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL. pp. 413 – 433.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya H, Kitoh H, Sugiura F, Ishiguro N (2003) Chondrogenesis enhanced by overexpression of sox9 gene in mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301: 338 – 343. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson RWF, Kiel D (1999) Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69: 727 – 736.
   Google Scholar
• Wang MC, Moore EC, Crawford PB, Hudes M, Sabry
   Google Scholar
• ZI, Marcus R, Bachrach LK (1999) Influence of pre- adolescent diet on quantitative ultrasound measurements of the calcaneus in young adult women. Osteopor. Int. 9: 532 – 535.
   Google Scholar
• Yano K, Heilbrun LK, Wasnich RD, Hankin JH, Vogel JM (1985) The relationship between diet and bonemineral content of multiple skeletal sites in elderly women living in Hawaii. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 42: 877 – 888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar