Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 37, 2024 - Issue 3
141
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Media exposure related to COVID-19 is associated with worse mental health consequences in the United States compared to Italy

ORCID Icon, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 348-360 | Received 13 May 2022, Accepted 23 Dec 2023, Published online: 01 Jan 2024

References

  • Bodner, T. E. (2017). Standardized effect sizes for moderated conditional fixed effects with continuous moderator variables. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00562
  • Bottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Altoè, G., Conforti, E., Melli, G., & Sica, C. (2015). The Italian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21: Factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 60, 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.005
  • Bradley, V. C., Kuriwaki, S., Isakov, M., Sejdinovic, D., Meng, X.-L., & Flaxman, S. (2021). Unrepresentative big surveys significantly overestimated US vaccine uptake. Nature, 600(7890), 695–700. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04198-4
  • Burton, L., Delvecchio, E., Germani, A., & Mazzeschi, C. (2021). Individualism/collectivism and personality in Italian and American groups. Current Psychology, 40(1), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00584-4
  • Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
  • Cohen, P., & Hsu, T. (2020, April 10, 2020). ‘Its terrifying’: Millions more Out of work. New York Times.
  • De Coninck, D., Frissen, T., Matthijs, K., d’Haenens, L., Lits, G., Champagne-Poirier, O., Carignan, M.-E., David, M. D., Pignard-Cheynel, N., Salerno, S., & Généreux, M. (2021). Beliefs in conspiracy theories and misinformation about COVID-19: Comparative perspectives on the role of anxiety, depression and exposure to and trust in information sources. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646394
  • Denson, T. F., Spanovic, M., & Miller, N. (2009). Cognitive appraisals and emotions predict cortisol and immune responses: A meta-analysis of acute laboratory social stressors and emotion inductions. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 823–853. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016909
  • East, K., Reid, J. L., Burkhalter, R., Wackowski, O. A., Thrasher, J. F., Tattan-Birch, H., Boudreau, C., Bansal-Travers, M., Liber, A. C., McNeill, A., & Hammond, D. (2022). Exposure to negative news stories about vaping, and harm perceptions of vaping, among youth in England, Canada, and the United States before and after the outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (‘EVALI’). Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 24(9), 1386–1395. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac088
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345.
  • Fokkema, T., De Jong Gierveld, J., & Dykstra, P. A. (2012). Cross-National differences in older adult loneliness. The Journal of Psychology, 146(1-2), 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.631612
  • Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A. (2020). The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology, 39(5), 355–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875
  • Hayes, D. (2020, April 17, 2020). Bill Maher Blasts Media’s COVID-19 “Panic Porn,” Warning Gloom-And-Doom Coverage May Get Donald Trump Re-Elected. Yahoo News: Deadline. https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-maher-blasts-media-covid-032600088.html.
  • Holman, E. A., Garfin, D. R., Lubens, P., & Silver, R. C. (2020). Media exposure to collective trauma, mental health, and functioning: Does it matter what you see? Clinical Psychological Science, 8(1), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619858300
  • Holmes, E. A., & Bourne, C. (2008). Inducing and modulating intrusive emotional memories: A review of the trauma film paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 127(3), 553–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.11.002
  • Hopwood, T. L., & Schutte, N. S. (2017). Psychological outcomes in reaction to media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Violence, 7(2), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000056
  • Huynh Dagher, S., Lamé, G., Hubiche, T., Ezzedine, K., & Duong, T. A. (2021). The influence of media coverage and governmental policies on Google queries related to COVID-19 cutaneous symptoms: Infodemiology study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(2), e25651. https://doi.org/10.2196/25651
  • Kroencke, L., Geukes, K., Utesch, T., Kuper, N., & Back, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism and emotional risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research in Personality, 89, 104038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104038
  • LaCour, M. J., & Vavreck, L. (2014). Improving media measurement: Evidence from the field. Political Communication, 31(3), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.921258
  • Lakens, D., & Etz, A. J. (2017). Too true to be bad: When sets of studies with significant and nonsignificant findings are probably true. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(8), 875–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617693058
  • Leys, C., Delacre, M., Mora, Y. L., Lakens, D., & Ley, C. (2019). How to classify, detect, and manage univariate and multivariate outliers, with emphasis on pre-registration. International Review of Social Psychology, 32(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.289
  • Liu, C., & Liu, Y. (2020). Media Exposure and Anxiety during COVID-19: The mediation effect of media vicarious traumatization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134720
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Mach, K. J., Salas Reyes, R., Pentz, B., Taylor, J., Costa, C. A., Cruz, S. G., Thomas, K. E., Arnott, J. C., Donald, R., Jagannathan, K., Kirchhoff, C. J., Rosella, L. C., & Klenk, N. (2021). News media coverage of COVID-19 public health and policy information. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 220. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00900-z
  • Mancini, A. D. (2020). Heterogeneous mental health consequences of COVID-19: Costs and benefits. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S15–S16. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000894
  • Mancini, A. D., Aldrich, L., Shevorykin, A., Veith, S., & John, G. (2021). Threat appraisals, neuroticism, and intrusive memories: A robust mediational approach with replication. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 34(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1825693
  • Mancini, A. D., Littleton, H. L., Grills, A. E., & Jones, P. J. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder near and far: Symptom networks from 2 to 12 months after the Virginia Tech campus shootings. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(6), 1340–1354.
  • Mancini, A. D., & Prati, G. (2022). A comparison of mental-health outcomes in the United States and Italy at different levels of cumulative COVID-19 prevalence. Clinical Psychological Science, 10(6), 1027–1043. https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221074678
  • McCabe, C. J., Kim, D. S., & King, K. M. (2018). Improving present practices in the visual display of interactions. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917746792
  • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
  • Ng, R., & Tan, Y. W. (2021). Diversity of COVID-19 news media coverage across 17 Countries: The influence of cultural Values, government stringency and pandemic severity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11768. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11768
  • Pierce, M., McManus, S., Jessop, C., John, A., Hotopf, M., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Wessely, S., & Abel, K. M. (2020). Says who? The significance of sampling in mental health surveys during COVID-19. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(7), 567–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30237-6
  • Post, R. M., Weiss, S. R. B., & Smith, M. A. (1995). Sensitization and kindling: Implications for the evolving neural substrates of post-traumatic stress disorder. In M. J. Friedman, D. S. Charney, & A. Y. Deutch (Eds.), Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: From normal adaptation to post-traumatic stress disorder (pp. 203–224). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.
  • Prati, G., & Mancini, A. D. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: A review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments. Psychological Medicine, 51(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000015
  • Prati, G., Pietrantoni, L., & Zani, B. (2011a). Compliance with recommendations for pandemic influenza H1N1 2009: the role of trust and personal beliefs. Health Education Research, 26(5), 761–769. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr035
  • Prati, G., Pietrantoni, L., & Zani, B. (2011b). A social-cognitive model of pandemic influenza H1N1 risk perception and recommended behaviors in italy. Risk Analysis, 31(4), 645–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x
  • Rammstedt, B., & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001
  • Riehm, K. E., Holingue, C., Kalb, L. G., Bennett, D., Kapteyn, A., Jiang, Q., Veldhuis, C. B., Johnson, R. M., Fallin, M. D., Kreuter, F., Stuart, E. A., & Thrul, J. (2020). Associations between media exposure and mental distress Among U.S. Adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(5), 630–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.008
  • Sacerdote, B., Sehgal, R., & Cook, M. (2020). Why Is All COVID-19. News Bad News? National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 28110, https://doi.org/10.3386/w28110.
  • Schmidt, A., Brose, A., Kramer, A. C., Schmiedek, F., Witthöft, M., & Neubauer, A. B. (2022). Dynamic relations among COVID-19-related media exposure and worries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychology & Health, 37(8), 933–947. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1912345
  • Shu-Sen Chang, M. D., Ph.D., Page, A., Ph.D., & Gunnell, D., Ph.D. (2011). Internet searches for a specific suicide method follow Its high-profile media coverage. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(8), 855–857. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020284
  • Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A., Andersen, J. P., Poulin, M., McIntosh, D. N., & Gil-Rivas, V. (2013). Mental- and physical-health effects of acute exposure to media images of the September 11, 2001, attacks and the Iraq war. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1623–1634. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612460406
  • Sousa-Pinto, B., Anto, A., Czarlewski, W., Anto, J. M., Fonseca, J. A., & Bousquet, J. (2020). Assessment of the impact of media coverage on COVID-19–Related Google trends data: Infodemiology Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e19611. https://doi.org/10.2196/19611
  • Stroud, N. J. (2008). Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure. Political Behavior, 30(3), 341–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9
  • Thompson, R. R., Garfin, D. R., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2017). Distress, worry, and functioning following a global health crisis: A national study of Americans’ responses to Ebola. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(3), 513–521. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617692030
  • Thompson, R. R., Jones, N. M., Freeman, A. M., Holman, E. A., Garfin, D. R., & Silver, R. C. (2022). Psychological responses to U.S. statewide restrictions and COVID-19 exposures: A longitudinal study. Health Psychology, 41(11), 817–825. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001233
  • Thompson, R. R., Jones, N. M., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2019). Media exposure to mass violence events can fuel a cycle of distress. Science Advances, 5(4), eaav3502. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3502
  • Trnka, R., & Lorencova, R. (2020). Fear, anger, and media-induced trauma during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(5), 546–549. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000675
  • Wu, Y., & Shen, F. (2020). Negativity makes US polarized: A longitudinal study of media tone and opinion polarization in Hong Kong. Asian Journal of Communication, 30(3-4), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2020.1784968

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.