Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT) in the Brain of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR): Effect of Treatment with an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

References

• Perry E, Walker M, Grace J, Perry R. Acetylcholine in mind: A neurotransmitter correlate of consciousness?. Trends Neurosci. 1999; 22: 273–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartus RT. On neurodegenerative diseases, models, and treatment strategies: Lessons learned and lessons forgotten a generation following the cholinergic hypothesis. Exp Neurol. 2000; 163: 495–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayebati SK. Animal models of cognitive dysfunction. Mech Ageing Develop 2006; 127: 100–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkenhager WH, Staessen JA. Progress in cardiovascular diseases cognitive function in essential hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2006; 49: 1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frishman WH. Are antihypertensive agents protective against dementia? A review of clinical and preclinical data. Heart Dis. 2002; 4: 380–386
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jellinger KA. Vascular-ischemic dementia: An update. J Neural Transm. 2002; 62(Suppl.)1–23
   Google Scholar
• Kaye JA. Diagnostic challenges in dementia. Neurology 1998; 51(1 Suppl. 1)S45–S52, discussion S65–S67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler JV, Steenhuis R, Hachinski V. Conceptual background to vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1999; 13(Suppl. 3)S30–S37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roman GC. Vascular dementia: A historical background. Int Psychogeriatr. 2003; 15(Suppl. 1)3–11
   Google Scholar
• Roman GC. Cholinergic dysfunction in vascular dementia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2005; 7: 18–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blusztajn JK, Wurtman RJ. Choline and cholinergic neurons. Science. 1983; 221: 614–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucek S. The synthesis of acetylcholine: Twenty years of progress. Prog Brain Res. 1990; 84: 467–477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weihe E, Tao-Cheng JH, Schafer MK, Erickson JD, Eiden LE. Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996; 93: 3547–3552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roghani A, Shirzadi A, Kohan SA, Edwards RH, Butcher LL. Differential distribution of the putative vesicular transporter for acetylcholine in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1996; 43: 65–76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ichikawa T, Ajiki K, Matsuura J, Misawa H. Localization of two cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the central nervous system of the rat: In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. J Chem Neuroanat. 1997; 13: 23–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amenta F, Di Tullio MA, Tomassoni D. Arterial hypertension and brain damage—evidence from animal models. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2003; 25: 359–380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates4^th. Academic Press, New York 1998
   Google Scholar
• Amenta F, Bronzetti E, Cantalamessa F, El-Assouad D, Felici L, Ricci A, Tayebati SK. Identification of dopamine plasma membrane and vesicular transporters in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 117: 133–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979; 76: 4350–4354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerfen CR. The neostriatal mosaic: Multiple levels of compartmental organization. Trends Neurosci. 1992; 15: 133–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amenta F, Mancini M, Naves FJ, Vega JA, Zaccheo D. Effect of treatment with the dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist darodipine (PY 108-068) on the expression of calbindin D-28K immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex of aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev. 1995; 77: 149–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roghani A, Feldman J, Kohan SA, Shirzadi A, Gundersen CB, Brecha N, Edwards RH. Molecular cloning of putative vesicular transporter for acetylcholine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994; 91: 10620–10624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bando K, Naganuma T, Taguchi K, Ginoza Y, Tanaka Y, Koike K, Takatoku K. Piperazine analog of vesamicol: In vitro and in vivo characterization for vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Synapse. 2000; 38: 27–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efange SM. In vivo imaging of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter. FASEB J. 2000; 14: 2401–2413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayebati SK, Di Tullio MA, Amenta F. Effect of treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine on vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyl transferase in rat brain. Clin Exp Hyperten. 2004; 26: 363–373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lis CG, Gaviria M. Vascular dementia, hypertension, and the brain. Neurol Res. 1997; 19: 471–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabei R. On histochemical studies of the various organs of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn Circ J. 1966; 30: 717–742
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawrence AD, Sahakian BJ. Alzheimer disease, attention, and the cholinergic system. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1995; 9(Suppl. 2)43–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabey JM, Neufeld MY, Treves TA, Sifris P, Korczyn AD. Cognitive effects of scopolamine in dementia. J Neural Transm. 1996; 103: 873–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jope RS, Song L, Powers RE. Cholinergic activation of phosphoinositide signaling is impaired in Alzheimer's disease brain. Neurobiol Aging. 1997; 18: 111–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabbagh MN, Reid RT, Corey-Bloom J, Rao TS, Hansen LA, Alford M, Masliah E, Adem A, Lloyd GK, Thal LJ. Correlation of nicotinic binding with neurochemical markers in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transmission. 1998; 105: 709–717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvidsson U, Riedl M, Elde R, Meister B. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) protein: A novel and unique marker for cholinergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. J Comp Neurol. 1997; 378: 454–467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Wong TP, Cote SL, Bell KF, Cuello AC. The impact of Abeta-plaques on cortical cholinergic and non-cholinergic presynaptic boutons in Alzheimer's disease-like transgenic mice. Neuroscience. 2003; 121: 421–432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattu M, Pauly JR, Urbanawiz S, Buccafusco JJ. Autoradiographic comparison of muscarinic M1 and M2 binding sites in the CNS of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Brain Res. 1997; 771: 173–183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattu M, Pauly JR, Boss KL, Summers JB, Buccafusco JJ. Cognitive impairment in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Role of central nicotinic receptors, I. Brain Res. 1997; 771: 89–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey AL. The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues. Pharmacol Ther. 1995; 68: 113–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeKosky ST, Ikonomovic MD, Styren SD, Beckett L, Wisniewski S, Bennett DA, Cochran EJ, Kordower JH, Mufson EJ. Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2002; 51: 145–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikonomovic MD, Mufson EJ, Cochran EJ, Bennett DA, DeKosky ST. Acetylcholinesterase changes in people with mild cognitive impairment: implications for hippocampal plasticity. Soc Neurosci Abstr Program. 2002; #882: 6
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez CM, Gearhart DA, Parikh V, Hohnadel EJ, Davis LW, Middlemore ML, Warsi SP, Waller JL, Terry AV, Jr. Comparison of galantamine and donepezil for effects on nerve growth factor, cholinergic markers, and memory performance in aged rats. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeutics. 2006; 316: 679–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry AV, Jr, Hernandez CM, Buccafusco JJ, Gattu M. Deficits in spatial learning and nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors in older, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuroscience. 2000; 101: 357–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar