Effects of acute blood pressure elevation on biochemical-metabolic parameters in individuals with hypertensive crisis

References

• Vilela-Martin JF, Vaz-de-Melo RO, Kuniyoshi CH, et al. Hypertensive crisis: clinical-epidemiological profile. Hypertens Res 2010;34:367–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salkic S, Batic-Mujanovic O, Ljuca F, Brkic S. Clinical presentation of hypertensive crises in emergency medical services. Mater Sociomed 2014;26:12–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elliott WJ. Clinical features in the management of selected hypertensive emergencies. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2006;48:316–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marik PE, Varon J. Hypertensive crises: challenges and management. Chest 2007;131:1949–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560–72.
   Google Scholar
• Pinna G, Pascale C, Fornengo P, et al. Hospital admissions for hypertensive crisis in the emergency departments: a large multicenter Italian study. Plos One 2014;9:e93542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin JF, Higashiama E, Garcia E, et al. Hypertensive crisis profile. Prevalence and clinical presentation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2004;83:125–30.
   Google Scholar
• Sobrinho S, Correia LC, Cruz C, et al. Occurence rate and clinical predictors of hypertensive pseudocrisis in emergency room care. Arq Bras Cardiol 2007;88:579–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordova CMM, Valle JP, Yamanaka CN, Cordova MM. Determination of capillary blood glucose and venous blood glucose with a glucometer versus laboratory determination of venous plasma glucose. J Bras Patol Med Lab 2009;45:379–84.
   Google Scholar
• Menezes MGS, Couto FD, Santos Junior LS. HbA1c determination by HPLC: interference of hemoglobin variants HbS, HbC and HbF high concentration. J Bras Patol Med Lab 2012;48:337–44.
   Google Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atherosclerosis Department of Brazilian Society of Cardiology. IV. Brazilian Guidelines on Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention. Arq Bras Cardiol 2007;3(4):1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Selistre Lda S, Souza VC, Dubourg L, et al. Contrast-induced nephropathy after computed tomography. J Bras Nefrol 2015;37:27–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):S1–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez Cerrillo M, Mateos Hernández P, Fernández Pinilla C, et al. Hypertensive crises: prevalence and clinical aspects. Rev Clin Esp 2002;202:255–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García GM, Miúdo V, Manuel Lopes Cda G, Vassuelela Gomes J. Characterization of patients aged 45 or under admitted with hypertensive emergencies in the Hospital do Prenda. Rev Port Cardiol 2014;33:19–25.
   Google Scholar
• Cipullo JP, Martin JF, Ciorlia LA, et al. Hypertension prevalence and risk factors in a Brazilian urban population. Arq Bras Cardiol 2010;94:519–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eirin A, Zhu XY, Woollard JR, et al. Increased circulating inflammatory endothelial cells in blacks with essential hypertension. Hypertension 2013;62:585–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy D, Kannel WB. Cardiovascular risks: new insights from Framingham. Am Heart J 1988;116:266–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wp C, Anderson K. A population at risk. Prevalence of high cholesterol levels in hypertensive patients in the Framingham study. Am J Med 1986;80:23–32.
   Google Scholar
• Levy D, Wilson PW, Anderson KM, Castelli WP. Stratifying the patient at risk from coronary disease: new insights from the Framingham heart study. Am Heart J 1990;119:712–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zampaglione B, Pascale C, Marchisio M, Cavallo-Perin P. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Prevalence and clinical presentation. Hypertension 1996;27:144–47.
   Google Scholar
• Al Bannay R, Bohm M, Husain A. Heart rate differentiates urgency and emergency in hypertensive crisis. Clin Res Cardiol 2013;102:593–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobrino J, Coca A, De La Sierra A, et al. Prevalence, forms of clinical presentation and treatment of arterial hypertension at an emergency unit. Rev Clin Esp 1990;187:56–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kincaid-Smith P. Malignant hypertension. Cardiovasc Rev Rep 1980;1:42–50.
   Google Scholar
• Moreira GC, Cipullo JP, Ciorlia LA, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome: association with risk factors and cardiovascular complications in an urban population. Plos One 2014;9(9):e105056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2010. Lancet 2012;380:2224–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groppelli A, Giorgi DM, Omboni S, et al. Persistent blood pressure increase induced by heavy smoking. J Hypertens 1992;10:495–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, et al. Cigarette smoking, ambulatory blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1995;13:1209–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann SJ, James GD, Wang RS, Pickering TG. Elevation of ambulatory systolic blood pressure in hypertensive smokers. Jama 1991;265:2226–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Bombelli M, Facchetti R, et al. Long-term prognostic value of blood pressure variability in the general population: results of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni study. Hypertension 2007;49:1265–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza JA, Movahed A. Current concepts of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus. Int J Cardiol 2003;89:123–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, Wilson PW, et al. Diabetes, fibrinogen, and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham experience. Am Heart J 1990;120:672–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Bannay R, Husain A. Hypertensive crisis: comparison between diabetics and non-diabetics. Int J Cardiol 2012;154:198–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Bannay R, Husain A, Böhm M, Wagenpfeil S. Outcomes after hypertensive crisis: comparison between diabetics and nondiabetics. IJC Metab Endocr 2015;7:25–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ault MJ, Ellrodt AG. Pathophysiological events leading to the end-organ effects of acute hypertension. Am J Emerg Med 1985;3:10–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piga R, Naito Y, Kokura S, et al. Short-term high glucose exposure induces monocyte-endothelial cells adhesion and transmigration by increasing VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2007;193:328–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan SD, Schmidt AM, Anderson GM, et al. Enhanced cellular oxidant stress by the interaction of advanced glycation end-products with their receptors binding-proteins. J Biol Chem 1994;269:9889–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stentz FB, Umpierrez GE, Cuervo R, Kitabchi AE. Proinflammatory cytokines, markers of cardiovascular risks, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in patients with hyperglycemic crises. Diabetes 2004;53:2079–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JA, Montagnani M, Koh KK, Quon MJ. Reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Circulation 2006;113:1888–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley DE, Mokan M, Simoneau JA, Mandarino LJ. Interaction between glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 1993;92:91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet 2009;373:1798–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilhorn KR, Luo Y, Lee BT, Wong ND. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular disease in United States adults. Am J Cardiol 2012;110:1464–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordalo AD, Nobre AL, Dantas M, Cravino J. Elevated HDL is the main negative risk factor for coronary artery disease in the elderly patient with calcific aortic valve disease. Rev Port Cardiol 2012;31:415–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freitas MP, Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF. Dyslipidemia and the risk of incident hypertension in a population of community-dwelling Brazilian elderly: the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging. Cad Saude Publica 2011;27:S351–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lip GY, Beevers M, Beevers G. The failure of malignant hypertension to decline: a survey of 24 years’ experience in a multiracial population in England. J Hypertens 1994;12:1297–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczech LA, Granger CB, Dasta JF, et al. Acute kidney injury and cardiovascular outcomes in acute severe hypertension. Circulation 2010;121:2183–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE. Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:471–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall JE, Mizelle HL, Hildebrandt DA, Brands MW. Abnormal pressure natriuresis. A cause or a consequence of hypertension? Hypertension 1990;15:547–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013;2013(31):1281–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chor D, Pinho Ribeiro AL, Sá Carvalho M, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and influence of socioeconomic variables on control of high blood pressure: results of the ELSA-Brasil study. Plos One 2015;10:e0127382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar