3,730
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with hypertension on renin–angiotensin system inhibitors

, &
Pages 656-660 | Received 12 Apr 2020, Accepted 27 Apr 2020, Published online: 13 May 2020

References

  • Gorbalenya AE. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses – a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. 2020. 2020.2002.2007.937862.
  • Yan R , Zhang Y , Li Y , Xia L , Zhou Q . Structure of dimeric full-length human ACE2 in complex with B0AT1. 2020. 2020.2002.2017.951848.
  • Wang D , Hu B , Hu C , Zhu F , Liu X , Zhang J , Wang B , Xiang H , Cheng Z , Xiong Y , et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
  • Huang C , Wang Y , Li X , Ren L , Zhao J , Hu Y , Zhang L , Fan G , Xu J , Gu X , et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • Hui DS , I Azhar , Madani TA , I Azhar E , Ntoumi F , Kock R , Dar O , Ippolito G , Mchugh TD , Memish ZA , et al. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;91:264–66.
  • Chen N , Zhou M , Dong X , Qu J , Gong F , Han Y , Qiu Y , Wang J , Liu Y , Wei Y , et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–13. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
  • Gupta RM , Hadaya J , Trehan A , Zekavat SM , Roselli C , Klarin D , Emdin CA , Hilvering CRE , Bianchi V , Mueller C , et al. A genetic variant associated with five vascular diseases is a distal regulator of Endothelin-1 gene expression. Cell. 2017;170(3):522–533 e515. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.049.
  • Mitchell KD , Botros FT , Navar LG . Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and counteracting protective mechanisms in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Acta Physiol Hung. 2007;94(1–2):31–48. doi:10.1556/APhysiol.94.2007.1-2.5.
  • Stec DE , Juncos LA , Granger JP . Renal intramedullary infusion of tempol normalizes the blood pressure response to intrarenal blockade of heme oxygenase-1 in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2016;10(4):346–51. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.01.023.
  • Shoemaker R , Tannock LR , Su W , Gong M , Gurley SB , Thatcher SE , Yiannikouris F , Ensor CM , Cassis LA . Adipocyte deficiency of ACE2 increases systolic blood pressures of obese female C57BL/6 mice. Biol Sex Differ. 2019;10(1):45. doi:10.1186/s13293-019-0260-8.
  • Fan Z , Wu G , Yue M , Ye J , Chen Y , Xu B , Shu Z , Zhu J , Lu N , Tan X , et al. Hypertension and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy are associated with ACE2 genetic polymorphism. Life Sci. 2019;225:39–45.
  • Donoghue M , Hsieh F , Baronas E , Godbout K , Gosselin M , Stagliano N , Donovan M , Woolf B , Robison K , Jeyaseelan R , et al. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res. 2000;87(5):E1–9. doi:10.1161/01.RES.87.5.e1.
  • Sodhi CP , Wohlford-Lenane C , Yamaguchi Y , Prindle T , Fulton WB , Wang S , McCray PB , Chappell M , Hackam DJ , Jia H , et al. Attenuation of pulmonary ACE2 activity impairs inactivation of des-Arg(9) bradykinin/BKB1R axis and facilitates LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2018;314(1):L17–L31. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00498.2016.
  • Tikellis C , Cooper ME , Bialkowski K , Johnston CI , Burns WC , Lew RA , Smith AI , Thomas MC . Developmental expression of ACE2 in the SHR kidney: a role in hypertension? Kidney Int. 2006;70(1):34–41. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000428.
  • Zhong JC , Huang DY , Yang YM , Li Y-F , Liu G-F , Song X-H , Du K . Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by all-trans retinoic acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 2004;44(6):907–12. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000146400.57221.74.
  • Zhou P , Yang X-L , Wang X-G , Hu B , Zhang L , Zhang W , Si H-R , Zhu Y , Li B , Huang C-L , et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270–73. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.
  • Nicholls J , Peiris M . Good ACE, bad ACE do battle in lung injury, SARS. Nat Med. 2005;11(8):821–22. doi:10.1038/nm0805-821.
  • Glowacka I , Bertram S , Herzog P , Pfefferle S , Steffen I , Muench MO , Simmons G , Hofmann H , Kuri T , Weber F , et al. Differential downregulation of ACE2 by the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63. J Virol. 2010;84(2):1198–205. doi:10.1128/JVI.01248-09.
  • Kuba K , Imai Y , Ohto-Nakanishi T , Penninger JM . Trilogy of ACE2: a peptidase in the renin-angiotensin system, a SARS receptor, and a partner for amino acid transporters. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;128(1):119–28. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.06.003.
  • Dijkman R , Jebbink MF , Deijs M , Milewska A , Pyrc K , Buelow E , van der Bijl A , van der Hoek L . Replication-dependent downregulation of cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein expression by human coronavirus NL63. J Gen Virol. 2012;93(Pt 9):1924–29. doi:10.1099/vir.0.043919-0.
  • Liu J , Liu Y , Xiang P , Pu L , Xiong H , Li C , Zhang M , Tan J , Xu Y , Song R , et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts severe illness patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the early stage. medRxiv Feb 12,2020.
  • Vuille-dit-Bille RN , Camargo SM , Emmenegger L , Sasse T , Kummer E , Jando J , Hamie QM , Meier CF , Hunziker S , Forras-Kaufmann Z , et al. Human intestine luminal ACE2 and amino acid transporter expression increased by ACE-inhibitors. Amino Acids. 2015;47(4):693–705. doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1889-6.
  • Ferrario CM , Varagic J . The ANG-(1-7)/ACE2/mas axis in the regulation of nephron function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010;298(6):F1297–1305. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00110.2010.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.