Fibrinogen to albumin ratio as a powerful predictor of the exaggerated morning blood pressure surge in newly diagnosed treatment-naive hypertensive patients

References

• Fuchs FD, Whelton PK. 2020. High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 75(2):285–92. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilo G, Grillo A, Guida V, Parati G. Morning blood pressure surge: pathophysiology, clinical relevance and therapeutic aspects. Integr Blood Press Control. 2018;11:47–56. doi:10.2147/IBPC.S130277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Thijs L, Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Boggia J, Richart T, Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Torp-Pedersen C, Kuznetsova T, et al.; International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes Investigators. Prognostic value of the morning blood pressure surge in 5645 subjects from 8 populations. Hypertension. 2010;55(4)1040–48. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, Hoshide S, Hoshide Y, Morinari M, Murata M, Kuroda T, Schwartz JE, Shimada K. 2003. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 107(10):1401–06. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000056521.67546.aa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chrissobolis S. Roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction in hypertension. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:406960. doi:10.1155/2014/406960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jae SY, Kurl S, Laukkanen JA, Lee CD, Choi YH, Fernhall B, Franklin BA. 2015. Relation of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of systemic hypertension in men. Am J Cardiol. 115(12):1714–19. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.03.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner WF, Sothern RB, Kanabrocki EL, Ryan M, McCormick JB, Dawson S, Connors ES, Rothschild R, Third JL, Vahed S. 2000. Relation between circadian patterns in levels of circulating lipoprotein (a), fibrinogen, platelets, and related lipid variables in men. Am Heart J. 139(1):164–73. doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(00)90324-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lip GY, DPhil AFJ, Beevers DG. 1997. Relation of endothelium, thrombogenesis, and hemorheology in systemic hypertension to ethnicity and left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol. 80(12):1566–71. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00749-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sechi LA, Zingaro L, Catena C, Casaccio D, De Marchi S. 2000. Relationship of fibrinogen levels and hemostatic abnormalities with organ damage in hypertension. Hypertension. 36(6):978–85. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.6.978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davalos D, Akassoglou K. 2012. Fibrinogen as a key regulator of inflammation in disease. Semin Immunopathol. 34(1):43–62. doi:10.1007/s00281-011-0290-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folsom AR, Peacock JM, Nieto FJ, Rosamond WD, Eigenbrodt ML, Davis CE, Wu KK. 1998. Plasma fibrinogen and incident hypertension in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. J Hypertens. 16(11):1579–83. doi:10.1097/00004872-199816110-00003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedes AF, Moreira C, Nogueira JB, Santos NC, Carvalho FA. 2019. Fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding and hemorheology measurements in the assessment of essential arterial hypertension patients. Nanoscale. 11(6):2757–66. doi:10.1039/c8nr04398a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, López JE, Fernández JR, Mojón A, Domínguez MJ, Covelo M. 2003. Seasonal variation of fibrinogen in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients. Circulation. 108(9):1101–06. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000085992.67380.7B.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B. 1988. Albumin―an important extracellular antioxidant? Biochem Pharmacol. 37(4):569–71. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(88)90126-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Don BR, Kaysen G. Poor nutritional status and inflammation: serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition. Wiley Online Lib. 2004;17:432–37.
   Google Scholar
• Oda E. 2014. Decreased serum albumin predicts hypertension in a Japanese health screening population. Intern Med. 53(7):655–60. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahbap E, Sakaci T, Kara E, Sahutoglu T, Koc Y, Basturk T, Sevinc M, Akgol C, Kayalar AO, Ucar ZA, et al. 2016. The relationship between serum albumin levels and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recordings in non-diabetic essential hypertensive patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 71(5):257–63. doi:10.6061/clinics/2016(05)03.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapmaz I, Saba T, Haberal C, Toktamis A, Cakmak M, Cicek D.Fibrinogen-albumin ratio: an intriguing relationship for assessing thrombosis risk and suspicious effect on blood viscosity. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 2011;5(4):153–54. doi:10.5812/icrj.4418.
   Google Scholar
• Karahan O, Acet H, Ertaş F, Tezcan O, Çalişkan A, Demir M, Kaya AF, Demirtaş S, Çevik MU, Yavuz C. 2016. The relationship between fibrinogen to albumin ratio and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with STEMI. Am J Emerg Med. 34(6):1037–42. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2016.03.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao L, Jia Y, Wang X, Huang H. The impact of preoperative fibrinogen-albumin ratio on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;493:8–13. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Yang J, Ji Y, Wang S, Wang T, Wang F, Tang J. 2019. Usefulness of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio to predict no-reflow and short-term prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Vessels. 34(10):1600–07. doi:10.1007/s00380-019-01399-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayapinar O, Ozde C, Kaya A. Relationship between the reciprocal change in inflammation-related biomarkers (Fibrinogen-to-Albumin and hsCRP-to-Albumin ratios) and the presence and severity of coronary slow flow. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019;25:1076029619835383. doi:10.1177/1076029619835383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang KT, Chung JK, Roh EY, Kim J, Oh S, Kim YA, Rhu J, Kim S. 2017. Prognostic influence of preoperative fibrinogen to albumin ratio for breast cancer. J Breast Cancer. 20(3):254–63. doi:10.4048/jbc.2017.20.3.254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu WY, Zhang HH, Xiong JP, Yang XB, Bai Y, Lin JZ, Long JY, Zheng YC, Zhao HT, Sang XT. 2018. Prognostic significance of the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio in gallbladder cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol. 24(29):3281–92. doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A. 2019. Authors/Task force members. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European society of cardiology and the European society of hypertension. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 72(2):160. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2018.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1–39.e14. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto ME, Svatikova A, Barretto RB, Santos S, Hoffmann M, Khandheria B, Somers V. 2004. Early morning attenuation of endothelial function in healthy humans. Circulation. 109(21):2507–10. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000128207.26863.C4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojek M, Rajzer M, Wojciechowska W, Gąsowski J, Pizoń T, Czarnecka D. The relation between blood pressure components and left atrial volume in the context of left ventricular mass index. Medicine. 2017;96:e9459. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chantler PD, Lakatta EG. Arterial-ventricular coupling with aging and disease. Front Physiol. 2012;3:90–95. doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahfouz RA, Goda M, Galal I, Ghareb MS. 2018. Association of morning blood pressure surge with carotid intima-media thickness and cardiac dysfunction in patients with cardiac syndrome-X. Blood Press. 27(5):297–303. doi:10.1080/08037051.2018.1476056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaypaklı O, Gür M, Harbalıoğlu H, Şeker T, Selek Ş. 2016. High morning blood pressure surge is associated with oxidative stress and paraoxonase 1 activity in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens. 38(8):680–85. doi:10.1080/10641963.2016.1200602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marfella R, Siniscalchi M, Portoghese M, Di Filippo C, Ferraraccio F, Schiattarella C, Crescenzi B, Sangiuolo P, Ferraro G, Siciliano S. 2007. Morning blood pressure surge as a destabilizing factor of atherosclerotic plaque: role of ubiquitin–proteasome activity. Hypertension. 49(4):784–91. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000259739.64834.d4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu M, Ishikawa J, Yano Y, Hoshide S, Shimada K, Kario K. 2011. The relationship between the morning blood pressure surge and low-grade inflammation on silent cerebral infarct and clinical stroke events. Atherosclerosis. 219(1):316–21. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight EL, Kramer HM, Curhan GC. 2003. High-normal blood pressure and microalbuminuria. Am J Kidney Dis. 41(3):588–95. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2003.50120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joles JA, Willekes-Koolschijn N, Koomans HA. 1997. Hypoalbuminemia causes high blood viscosity by increasing red cell lysophosphatidylcholine. Kidney Int. 52(3):761–70. doi:10.1038/ki.1997.393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dziedzic T, Slowik A, Szczudlik A. 2004. Serum albumin level as a predictor of ischemic stroke outcome. Stroke. 35(6):e156–8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000126609.18735.be.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duman H, Çinier G, Bakırcı EM, Duman H, Şimşek Z, Hamur H, Değirmenci H, Emlek N. Relationship between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and thrombus burden in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019;25:1076029618824418. doi:10.1177/1076029618824418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prenner SB, Pillutla R, Yenigalla S, Gaddam S, Lee J, Obeid MJ, Ans AH, Jehangir Q, Kim J, Zamani P. 2020. Serum albumin is a marker of myocardial fibrosis, adverse pulsatile aortic hemodynamics, and prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 9(3):e014716. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.014716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar