Effects of physical exercise combined with captopril or losartan on left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertensive rats

References

• Williams B. 2016. Drug discovery in renin-angiotensin system intervention: past and future. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 10(3):118–25. doi:10.1177/1753944716642680
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ibrahim MM. 2006. RAS inhibition in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 20(2):101–08. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan BR, Young AA. 2009. Left ventricular hypertrophy and renin-angiotensin system blockade. Curr Hypertens Rep. 11(3):167–72. doi:10.1007/s11906-009-0030-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okwuosa TM, Soliman EZ, Lopez F, Williams KA, Alonso A, Ferdinand KC. 2015. Left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular disease risk prediction and reclassification in blacks and whites: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am Heart J. 169(1):155–61.e5. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2014.09.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González A, Ravassa S, López B, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, San José G, Querejeta R, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J. 2018. Myocardial remodeling in hypertension: toward a new view of hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension. 72(3):549–58. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrario CM, Mullick AE. Renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibition in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res. 2017;125:57–71. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.020. Pt A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos RAS, Sampaio WO, Alzamora AC, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Campagnole-Santos MJ. 2018. The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin-(1-7). Physiol Rev. 98(1):505–53. doi:10.1152physrev.00023.2016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroni C, Tolone S, Lopreiato F, Scrofani AR, Bossini A, Affricano C, Cassone R, Gaudio C.Effects of losartan on left ventricular mass: a three-year follow-up in elderly hypertensives with myocardial hypertrophy despite successful conventional antihypertensive treatment. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(6):1323–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyadyk AI, Bagriy AE, Lebed IA, Yarovaya NF, Schukina EV, Taradin GG. 1997. ACE inhibitors captopril and enalapril induce regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 12(5):945–51. doi:10.1093/ndt/12.5.945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuno K, Tani M, Hashimoto S, Niimura S, Sanada H, Watanabe H, Ohtsuki M, Fukuchi S. 1992. Effects of losartan, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on cardiac hypertrophy and the tissue angiotensin II content in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 51(5):367–74. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(92)90589-h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks WW, Bing OH, Robinson KG, Slawsky MT, Chaletsky DM, Conrad CH. 1997. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial fibrosis and function in hypertrophied and failing myocardium from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Circulation. 96(11):4002–10. doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.11.4002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bavishi C, Bangalore S, Messerli FH. 2016. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors in hypertension: is there evidence for benefit independent of blood pressure reduction? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 59(3):253–61. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman EZ, Ambrosius WT, Cushman WC, Zhang ZM, Bates JT, Neyra JA, Carson TY, Tamariz L, Ghazi L, Cho ME, et al. Effect of intensive blood pressure lowering on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension: SPRINT (systolic blood pressure intervention trial). Circulation. 2017;136(5):440–50. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripley DP, Negrou K, Oliver JJ, Worthy G, Struthers AD, Plein S, Greenwood JP. 2015. Aortic remodelling following the treatment and regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Clin Exp Hypertens. 37(4):308–16. doi:10.3109/10641963.2014.960974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catena C, Colussi G, Brosolo G, Novello M, Sechi LA. 2015. Aldosterone and left ventricular remodeling. Horm Metab Res. 47(13):981–86. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1565055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA. 2004. American college of sports medicine. american college of sports medicine position stand. exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 36(3):533–53. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000115224.88514.3a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou M, Zong XF, Wang LL.Curative treatment of hypertension by physical exercise. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(14):3320–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunan D, Mahtani KR, Roberts N, Heneghan C. 2013. Physical activity for the prevention and treatment of major chronic disease: an overview of systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2(1):56. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-2-56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hegde SM, Solomon SD. 2015. Influence of physical activity on hypertension and cardiac structure and function. Curr Hypertens Rep. 17(10):77. doi:10.1007/s11906-015-0588-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner MJ, Spina RJ, Kohrt WM, Ehsani AA. 2000. Effect of endurance exercise training on left ventricular size and remodeling in older adults with hypertension. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 55(4):M245–51. doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinderliter A, Sherwood A, Gullette EC, Babyak M, Waugh R, Georgiades A, Blumenthal JA. 2002. Reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy after exercise and weight loss in overweight patients with mild hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 162(12):1333–39. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.12.1333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Locatelli J, Paiva NCN, Carvalho SHR, Lavorato VN, Gomes LHLS, Castro QJT, Grabe-Guimarães A, Carneiro CM, Natali AJ, Isoldi MC. Swim training attenuates the adverse remodeling of LV structural and mechanical properties in the early compensated phase of hypertension. Life Sci. 2017;187:42–49. 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagan LU, Damatto RL, Gomes MJ, Lima ARR, Cezar MDM, Damatto FC, Reyes DRA, Caldonazo TMM, Polegato BF, Okoshi MP, et al. Low-intensity aerobic exercise improves cardiac remodelling of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23(9):6504–07. doi:10.1111/jcmm.14530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enyinnia DE, Henry E, Okoire N, Vaden D, Keaton A. The effects of captopril treatment and exercise and blood pressure, endothelium function and gene expression of the renin angiotensin system in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Faseb J. 2016;30:1206. 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1206.4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azevedo LF, Brum PC, Mattos KC, Junqueira CM, Rondon MUPB, Barretto ACP, Negrão CE. 2003. Effects of losartan combined with exercise training in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 36(11):1595–603. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2003001100018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izadi MR, Ghardashi Afousi A, Asvadi Fard M, Babaee Bigi MA. 2018. High-intensity interval training lowers blood pressure and improves apelin and NOx plasma levels in older treated hypertensive individuals. J Physiol Biochem. 74(1):47–55. doi:10.1007/s13105-017-0602-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boman K, Gerdts E, Wachtell K, Dahlöf B, Nieminen MS, Olofsson M, Papademetriou V, Devereux RB. 2009. Exercise and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients in relation to structure and function of left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 16(2):242–48. doi:10.1097/HJR.0b013e328329560e
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kunisek J, Zaputovic L, Cubranic Z, Kunisek L, Zuvic Butorac M, Lukin-Eskinja K, Karlavaris R. 2015. Influence of the left ventricular types on QT intervals in hypertensive patients. Anatol J Cardiol. 15(1):33–39. doi:10.5152/akd.2014.5134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International conference on harmonization; draft guidance on E14 clinical evaluation of QT/QTc interval prolongation and proarrhythmic potential for non-antiarrhythmic drugs. ICH Steering Committee at Step 4 of the ICH process; 2005 May [accessed 2020 Oct 15]. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/e14-clinical-evaluation-qtqtc-interval-prolongation-and-proarrhythmic-potential-non-antiarrhythmic-0.
   Google Scholar
• Trinkley KE, Page RL 2nd, Lien H, Yamanouye K, Tisdale JE. 2013. QT interval prolongation and the risk of torsades de pointes: essentials for clinicians. Curr Med Res Opin. 29(12):1719–26. doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.840568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beinart R, Zhang Y, Lima JA, Bluemke DA, Soliman EZ, Heckbert SR, Post WS, Guallar E, The NS. 2014. QT interval is associated with incident cardiovascular events: the MESA study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 64(20):2111–19. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimas J, Stankovicova T, Kyselovic J, Bacharova BL. 2008. Prolonged QT interval is associated with blood pressure rather than left ventricular mass in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 30(7):475–85. doi:10.1080/10641960802443399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimas J, Vaja V, Vercinska M, Kyselovic J, Krenek P. 2012. Discrepant regulation of QT (QTc) interval duration by calcium channel blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in experimental hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 111(4):279–88. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00901.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan D, Takawale A, Lee J, Kassiri Z. 2012. Cardiac fibroblasts, fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 5(1):15. doi:10.1186/1755-1536-5-15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fontana V, Silva PS, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. 2012. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in hypertension. Clin Chim Acta. 413(7–8):656–62. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.12.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinale FG, Coker ML, Krombach SR, Mukherjee R, Hallak H, Houck WV, Clair MJ, Kribbs SB, Johnson LL, Peterson JT, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition during the development of congestive heart failure: effects on left ventricular dimensions and function. Circ Res. 1999;85(4):364–76. doi:10.1161/01.res.85.4.364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontana V, Silva PS, Belo VA, Antonio RC, Ceron CS, Biagi C, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. 2011. Consistent alterations of circulating matrix metalloproteinases levels in untreated hypertensives and in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a relevant pharmacological target. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 109(2):130–37. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00698.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng S, Zhou X, Tu Y, Yao M, Han ZQ, Gao F, Li YM. 2011. Long-term MMP inhibition by doxycycline exerts divergent effect on ventricular extracellular matrix deposition and systolic performance in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 33(5):316–24. doi:10.3109/10641963.2010.549262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontana V, Silva PS, Izidoro-Toledo TC, Biagi C, Oliveira EB, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. 2012. Comprehensive evaluation of the effects of enalapril on matrix metalloproteinases levels in hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 26(6):511–19. doi:10.1007/s10557-012-6420-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo Presti R, Hopps E, Caimi G. 2017. Gelatinases and physical exercise: a systematic review of evidence from human studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(37):e8072. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazilian college of animal experimentation - brazilian directive for the care and use of animals for scientific and educational purposes. Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal – COBEA. Diretriz Brasileira para o cuidado e a utilização de animais para fins científicos e didáticos – DBCA; 2013 [accessed 2020 Oct 15]. https://wwwsbcalorgbr/conteudo/view?IDCONTEUDO=65.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council, Eighth Edition. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 2011 Oct 15. [accessed 2020 https://www.ncbinlmnihgov/pubmed/21595115
   Google Scholar
• Fridericia LS. 1920. Die systolendauer im elektrokardiogramm bei normalen menschen und bei herzkranken. Acta Med Scand. 53(1):469–86. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1920.tb18266.x
   Google Scholar
• Konopelski P, Ufnal M. 2016. Electrocardiography in rats: a comparison to human. Physiol Res. 65(5):717–25. doi:10.33549/physiolres.933270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kal JE, Van Wezel HB, Vergroesen I. 1999. A critical appraisal of the rate pressure product as index of myocardial oxygen consumption for the study of metabolic coronary flow regulation. Int J Cardiol. 71(2):141–48. doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(99)00141-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung MM, Schulz CG, Wang W, Sawicki G, Bautista-López NL, Schulz R. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 degrades the cytoskeletal protein alpha-actinin in peroxynitrite mediated myocardial injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 43(4):429–36. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.07.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith PK, Krohn RI, Hermanson GT, Mallia AK, Gartner FH, Provenzano MD, Fujimoto EK, Goeke NM, Olson BJ, Klenk DC. 1985. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal Biochem. 150(1):76–85. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(85)90442-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal AT, Guimarães HN, De Paula DC, Frezard F, Silva-Barcellos NM, Grabe-Guimarães A. 2010. Prolonged cardioprotective effect of pyridostigmine encapsulated in liposomes. Life Sci. 86(1–2):17–23. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Potter JF, Sever PS, Thom SM. 2004. BHS guidelines working party, for the british hypertension society. british hypertension society guidelines for hypertension management 2004 (BHS-IV): summary. BMJ. 328(7440):634–40. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7440.634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Pickering TG, Cody RJ, Laragh JH.Relation of renin-angiotensin system activity to left ventricular hypertrophy and function in experimental and human hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 1987;3(1):87–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reudelhuber TL, Bernstein KE, Delafontaine P. 2007. Is angiotensin II a direct mediator of left ventricular hypertrophy? Time for another look. Hypertension. 49(6):1196–201. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.075085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ém RF, De Moura SS, Silva RO, Totou NL, Baleeiro RDS, De Oliveira EC, Coelho DB, Cardoso LM, Becker LK. 2020. Acute volume expansion decreased baroreflex response after swimming but not after running exercise training in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 42(5):460–68. doi:10.1080/10641963.2019.1693588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson KB, Frederick GM, Harris CD, Carlson SA, Fulton JEUS. Adults’ participation in specific activities: behavioral risk factor surveillance system–2011. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(s1):S3–10. doi:10.1123/jpah.2013-0521. 12 Suppl.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560–72. doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimers AK, Knapp G, Reimers CD. Effects of exercise on the resting heart rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. J Clin Med. 2018;7(12):503. doi:10.3390/jcm7120503. PMID: 30513777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bencze M, Behuliak M, Zicha J. 2013. The impact of four different classes of anesthetics on the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Res. 62(5):471–78. doi:10.33549/physiolres.932637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maida KD, Gastaldi AC, De Paula Facioli T, De Araújo JE, De Souza HC. Physical training associated with enalapril but not to losartan, results in better cardiovascular autonomic effects. Auton Neurosci. 2017;203:33–40. 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iliev AA, Kotov GN, Dimitrova IN, De Araújo JE, De Souza HC. 2018. Evaluation of structural myocardial changes during chronic hypertensive states in rats. J Cardiol and Cardiovasc Sciences. 2(1):1–9. doi:10.29245/2578-3025/2018/1.1109
   Google Scholar
• Pinto YM, Paul M, Ganten D. 1998. Lessons from rat models of hypertension: from Goldblatt to genetic engineering. Cardiovasc Res. 39(1):77–88. doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00077-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokubo M, Uemura A, Matsubara T, Murohara T. 2005. Noninvasive evaluation of the time course of change in cardiac function in spontaneously hypertensive rats by echocardiography. Hypertens Res. 28(7):601–09. doi:10.1291/hypres.28.601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristek F, Drobna M, Cacanyiova S. 2017. Different structural alterations in individual conduit arteries of SHRs compared to Wistar rats from the prehypertensive period to late adulthood. Physiol Res. 66(5):769–80. doi:10.33549/physiolres.933690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carneiro-Júnior MA, Pelúzio MC, Silva CHO, Amorim PRS, Silva KA, Souza MO, Castro CA, Roman-Campos D, Prímola-Gomes TN, Natali AJ. 2010. Exercise training and detraining modify the morphological and mechanical properties of single cardiac myocytes obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 43(11):1042–46. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2010007500117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carneiro-Júnior MA, Quintão-Júnior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN, Drummond FR, Da Cunha DN, Amadeu MA, Felix LB, De Oliveira EM, Cruz JS, et al. The benefits of endurance training in cardiomyocyte function in hypertensive rats are reversed within four weeks of detraining. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013;57:119–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillaci G, Pirro M, Ronti T, Gemelli F, Pucci G, Innocente S, Porcellati C, Mannarino E. 2006. Prognostic impact of prolonged ventricular repolarization in hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 166(8):909–13. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.8.909
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao Z, Yuan Z, Ji Y, Wu Y, Qi Y. 2010. Left ventricular hypertrophy amplifies the QT, and Tp-e intervals and the Tp-e/QT ratio of left chest ECG. J Biomed Res. 24(1):69–72. doi:10.1016/S1674-8301(10)60011-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakos I, Kadoglou NPE, Gkeka P, Tzallas AT, Giannakeas N, Tsalikakis DG, Katsimpoulas M, Mantziaras G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Liapis CD, et al. Exercise training attenuates the development of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in diabetic rats. Vivo. 2018;32(6):1433–41. doi:10.21873/invivo.11396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baillard C, Mansier P, Ennezat PV, Mangin L, Medigue C, Swynghedauw B, Chevalier B. 2000. Converting enzyme inhibition normalizes QT interval in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 36(3):350–54. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.3.350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galetta F, Franzoni F, Fallahi P, Tocchini L, Graci F, Carpi A, Antonelli A, Santoro G. 2010. Effect of telmisartan on QT interval variability and autonomic control in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Biomed Pharmacother. 64(8):516–20. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2009.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherle W.A simple method for volumetry of organs in quantitative stereology. Mikroskopie. 1970;26(1):57–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swislocki AL, LaPier TL, Khuu DT, Fann KY, Tait M, Rodnick KJ. 1999. Metabolic, hemodynamic, and cardiac effects of captopril in young, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens. 12(6):581–89. doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00012-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koprdova R, Cebova M, Kristek F.Long-term effect of losartan administration on blood pressure, heart and structure of coronary artery of young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Res. 2009;58(3):327–35.doi:10.33549/physiolres.931528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odenbach J, Wang X, Cooper S, Chow FL, Oka T, Lopaschuk G, Kassiri Z, Fernandez-Patron CMMP-2. 2011. mediates angiotensin II-induced hypertension under the transcriptional control of MMP-7 and TACE. Hypertension. 57(1):123–30. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.159525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Simon H, Bocan TM, Peterson JT. 2000. MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-inhibition. Cardiovasc Res. 46(2):298–306. doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(00)00028-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossoni LV, Oliveira RA, Caffaro RR, Miana M, Sanz-Rosa D, Koike MK, Do Amaral SL, Michelini LC, Lahera V, Cachofeiro V. 2011. Cardiac benefits of exercise training in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 29(12):2349–58. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834d2532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada M, Kosaka N, Hoshino Y, Yamawaki H, Hara Y. 2010. Effects of captopril and telmisartan on matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9 expressions and development of left ventricular fibrosis induced by isoprenaline in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 33(9):1517–21. doi:10.1248/bpb.33.1517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X, Wan W, Ji L, Lao S, As P, Zhao W, Jm E, Jq Z. 2008. Exercise training combined with angiotensin II receptor blockade limits post-infarct ventricular remodelling in rats. Cardiovasc Res. 78(3):523–32. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derosa G, Maffioli P, Ferrari I, Palumbo I, Randazzo S, Fogari E, D’Angelo A, Cicero AF. 2011. Different actions of losartan and ramipril on adipose tissue activity and vascular remodeling biomarkers in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 34(1):145–51. doi:10.1038/hr.2010.205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camelliti P, Borg TK, Kohl P. 2005. Structural and functional characterisation of cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 65(1):40–51. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez MC, Caldiz C, Fantinelli JC, Garciarena CD, Console GM, Chiappe De Cingolani GE, Mosca SM. 2008. Chiappe de Cingolani GE, Mosca SM. Is cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats the cause or the consequence of oxidative stress? Hypertens Res. 31(7):1465–76. doi:10.1291/hypres.31.1465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Kemp BA, Howell NL, Massey J, Mińczuk K, Huang Q, Chordia MD, Roy RJ, Patrie JT, Davogustto GE, et al. Metabolic changes in spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts precede cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(4):e010926. doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.010926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avanza Jr JAC, El Aouar LM, Mill JG. 2000. Reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with enalapril, losartan or the combination of enalapril and losartan. Arq Bras Cardiol. 74(2):111–17. doi:10.1590/S0066-782X2000000200001
   Google Scholar
• Ferrario CM. 2010. Addressing the theoretical and clinical advantages of combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: antihypertensive effects and benefits beyond BP control. Life Sci. 86(9–10):289–99. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar