Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites against oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cultured cells

References

• Hussein O., Schlezinger S., Rosenblat M., Keidar S., Aviram M. Reduced susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to lipid peroxidation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with the hypocholesterolemic effect of the drug and its binding to the LDL. Atherosclerosis 1997; 128: 11–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonhardt W., Kurktschiev T., Meissner D., Lattke P., Abletshauser C., Weidinger G., Jaross W., Hanefeld M. Effects of fluvastatin therapy on lipids, antioxidants, oxidation of low density lipoproteins and trace metals. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1997; 53: 65–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein J.L., Ho Y.K., Brown M.S. Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1979; 76: 333–337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plosker G.L., Wagstaff A.J. Fluvastatin—a review of its pharmacology and use in the management of hypercholesterolaemia. Drugs 1996; 51: 433–459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dain J.G., Fu E., Gorski J., Nicoletti J., Scallen T.J. Biotransformation of fluvastatin sodium in humans. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1993; 21(4)567–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitani H., Bandoh T., Ishikawa J., Kimura M., Totsuka T., Hayashi S. Inhibitory effects of fluvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on the increase in vascular ACE activity in cholesterol-fed rabbits. British Journal of Pharmacology 1996; 119: 1269–1275
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Tanaka K., Suzuki T. Protective effect of fluvastatin sodium (XU-62-320), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, on oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Biochemical Pharmacology 1999; 57: 697–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imaeda A., Aoki T., Kondo Y., Hori M., Ogata M., Obayashi H., Hasegawa G., Nakamura N., Tokuda K., Nishino H., Yoshikawa T., Kondo M. Protective effects of fluvastatin against reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage and mutagenesis. Free Radical Research 2000; 34: 33–44
   Google Scholar
• Imaeda A., Aoki T., Kondo Y., Hori M. Effects of antioxidants on the mutagenicity of reactive oxygen species-generating systems towards Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA104 strains. Environmental Mutagen Research 2000; 22: 1–7
   Google Scholar
• Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Tanaka K., Odawara A., Narita H., Suzuki T. An in vitro study of the hydroxyl radical scavenging property of fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1999; 47: 1010–1012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzumura K., Yasuhara M., Narita H. Superoxide anion scavenging properties of fluvastatin and its metabolites. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1999; 47: 1477–1480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey-Martin V.J., Green M.H.L., Schmezer P., Pool-Zobel B.L., DeMeo M.P., Collins A. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay): a European review. Mutation Research 1993; 228: 47–63
   Google Scholar
• Fairbairn D.W., Olive P.L., O'Neill K.L. The comet assay: a comprehensive review. Mutation Research 1995; 339: 37–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann A., Spier G. Genotoxic effects of chemicals in the single cell gel (SCG) test with human blood cells in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Mutation Research 1995; 346: 49–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tice R.R., Agurell E., Anderson D., Burlinson B., Hartmann A., Kobayashi H., Miyamae Y., Rojas E., Ryu J.-C., Sasaki Y.F. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2000; 175: 184–191
   Google Scholar
• Singh N.P., McCoy M.T., Ticc R.R., Schneider E.L. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research 1988; 175: 184–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa T., Minamiyama Y., Naito Y., Kondo M. Antioxidant properties of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. Journal of Neurochemistry 1994; 62: 1034–1038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyagawa H., Yosikawa T., Tanigawa T., Yoshida N., Sugino S., Kondo M. Measurement of superoxide dismutase activity by electron spin resonance. Journal of Clinical Biochemical Nutrition 1998; 5: 1–7
   Google Scholar
• Tanigawa T. Determination of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity by electron spin resonance. Journal of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine 1990; 99: 133–143
   Google Scholar
• Ashby J., Hilton H., Lefevre P.A., Browne M.A. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay for induced DNA damage (comet assay): measurement of tail length and moment. Mutagenesis 1995; 10: 85–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura T., Nishi H., Kokusenya Y., Hirota K., Miura Y. Mechanism of antioxidative activity of fluvastatin-determination of the active position. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2000; 48: 235–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima A., Ohtawa M., Masuda N., Morikawa H., Bando T. Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin, and its major metabolites. Yakugaku Zasshi 1999; 119: 93–99
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamoto A., Hoshi K., Ichihara K. Fluvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, scavenges free radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. European Journal of Pharmacology 1998; 361: 143–149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiann G.L., Michael C.M., William R., Kenneth A., Robert D. The use of single cell electrophoresis assay in detecting DNA single strand breaks in lung cells in vitro. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1996; 141: 195–204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ames B.A. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens. Science 1983; 221: 1256–1264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson D., Phillips B.J., Yu T.W., Edwards A.J., Ayesh R., Butterworth K.R. The effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of oxygen radical generated damage in human volunteers with low or high cholesterol levels. Environmental Molecular Mutagenesis 1997; 30: 161–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman H., Halliwell B. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. Biochemical Journal 1996; 313: 17–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki A. Oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus: a possible role of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds in free radical formation. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1997; 34: 716–720
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leinonen J., Rantalaiho V., Lehtimaki T., Koivula T., Wirta O., Pasternack A., Alho H. The association between the total antioxidant potential of plasma and the presence of coronary heart disease and renal dysfunction in patients with NIDDM. Free Radical Research 1998; 29: 273–281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishino A., Mita S., Watanabe S., Sakagami H. Effect of anticancer drugs, metals and antioxidants on cytotoxic activity of epigallocatechin gallate. Anticancer Research 1999; 19: 4343–4348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blask D.E., Sauer L.A., Dauchy R.T., Holowachuk E.W., Ruhoff M.S., Kopff H.S. Melatonin inhibition of cancer growth in vivo involves suppression of tumor fatty acid metabolism via melatonin receptor-mediated signal transduction events. Cancer Research 1999; 59: 4693–4701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J., Sharma Y., Agarwal R. Significant inhibition by the flavonoid antioxidant silymarin against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-caused modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory enzymes, and cyclooxygenase 2 and interleukin-1alpha expression in SENCAR mouse epidermis: implications in the prevention of stage I tumor promotion. Molecular and Carcinogenesis 1999; 26: 321–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith T.A. Carotenoids and cancer: prevention and potential therapy. British Journal of Biomedical Science 1998; 55: 268–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen R.W., Giacosa A., Hull W.E., Haubner R., Spiegelhalder B., Bartsch H. The antioxidant/anticancer potential of phenolic compounds isolated from olive oil. European Journal of Cancer 2000; 36: 1235–1247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiramatsu M., Liu J., Edamatsu R., Ohba S., Kadowaki D., Mori A. Probucol scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibited formation of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1994; 16: 201–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valoti M., Sipe H.J., Sgaragli G., Mason R.P. Free radical intermediates during peroxidation of 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and related phenol compounds. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1989; 269: 423–432
   PubMedGoogle Scholar