25
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Impact of Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy on In vivo and In vitro Markers of Lipid Oxidation

, , , , &
Pages 129-137 | Received 23 Jun 2003, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Ross, R. (1993) "The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990 s", Nature 362, 801–809.
  • Steinberg, D., Parthasarathy, S., Carew, T.E., Khoo, J.C. and Witztum, J.L. (1989) "Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity", N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 915–924.
  • Witztum, J.L. and Steinberg, D. (1991) "Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis", J. Clin. Investig. 88, 1785–1792.
  • Goldstein, J.L., Ho, Y.K., Basu, S.K. and Brown, US. (1979) "Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 333–337.
  • Stary, H.C., Chandler, A.B., Glagov, S., Guyton, J.R., Insull, W., Jr, Rosenfeld, M.E., Schaffer, S.A., Schwartz, C.J., Wagner, W.D. and Wissler, R.W. (1994) "A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association", Arterioscler. Thromb. 14, 840–856.
  • Kannel, W.B. (1987) "Metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in women: perspective from the Framingham Study", Am. Heart J. 114, 413–419.
  • Castelli, W.P. (1984) "Epidemiology of coronary heart disease: the Framingham study", Am. J. Med. 76, 4–12.
  • Bush, T.L., Barrett-Connor, E., Cowan, L.D., Criqui, M.H., Wallace, R.B., Suchindran, C.M., Tyroler, H.A. and Rifldnd, B.M. (1987) "Cardiovascular mortality and non-contraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study", Circulation 75, 1102–1109.
  • Lobo, R.A., Notelovitz, M., Bernstein, L., Khan, F.Y., Ross, R.K. and Paul, W.L. (1992) "Lp(a) lipoprotein: relationship to cardiovascular disease risk factors, exercise, and estrogen", Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 166, 1182–1188.
  • Farish, E., Rolton, H.A., Barnes, J.F. and Hart, D.M. (1991) "Lipoprotein (a) concentrations in postmenopausal women taking norethisterone", Br. Med. 1303, 694.
  • Grodstein, F., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E. and Stampfer, M.J. (2000) "A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease", Ann. Intern. Med. 133, 933–941.
  • Stampfer, M.J. and Colditz, G.A. (1991) "Estrogen replace-ment therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence", Prey. Med. 20, 47–63.
  • McManus, J., McEneny, J., Young, IS. and Thompson, W. (1996) "The effect of various oestrogens and progestogens on the susceptibility of low density lipoproteins to oxidation in vitro", Maturitas 25, 125–131.
  • Maziere, C., Auclair, M., Ronveaux, M.F., Salmon, S., Santus, R. and Maziere, J.C. (1991) "Estrogens inhibit copper and cell-mediated modification of low density lipoprotein", Atherosclerosis 89, 175–182.
  • Rifici, V.A. and Khachadurian, A.K. (1992) "The inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by 17-beta estradiol", Metabolism 41, 1110–1114.
  • Sack, UN., Rader, D.J. and Cannon, R.O. III. (1994) "Oestrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women", Lancet 343, 269–270.
  • Herrington, D.M., Reboussin, D.M., Brosnihan, KB., Sharp, P.C., Shumaker, S.A., Snyder, T.E., Furberg, CD., Kowalchuk, G.J., Stuckey, T.D., Rogers, W.J., Givens, D.H. and Waters, D. (2000) "Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis", N. Engl. J. Med. 343, 522–529.
  • Hulley, S., Grady, D., Bush, T., Furberg, C., Herrington, D., Riggs, B. and Vittinghoff, E. (1998) "Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group", J. Am. Med. Assoc. 280, 605–613.
  • Viscoli, C.M., Brass, L.M., Kernan, W.N., Sarrel, P.M., Suissa, S. and Horwitz, R.I. (2001) "A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke", N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1243–1249.
  • Mc Manus, J., Mc Eneny, J., Thompson, W. and Young, IS. (1997) "The effect of hormone replacement therapy on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein in postmenopausal women", Atherosclerosis 135, 73–81.
  • Koh, K.K., Mincemoyer, R., Bui, M.N., Csako, G., Pucino, F., Guetta, V, Waclawiw, M. and Cannon, R.O. ifi. (1997) "Effects of hormone-replacement therapy on fibrinolysis in post-menopausal women", N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 683–690.
  • Guetta, V, Panza, J.A., Waclawiw, M.A. and Cannon, R.O. ifi (1995) "Effect of combined 17 beta-estradiol and vitamin E on low-density lipoprotein oxidation in postmenopausal women", Am. J. Cardiol. 75, 1274–1276.
  • Morrow, J.D., Hill, K.E., Burk, R.F., Nammour, T.M., Badr, K.F. and Roberts, L.J.I. (1990) "A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 9383–9387.
  • Morrow, J.D., Frei, B., Longmire, A.W., Caziano, J.M., Lynch, S.M., Shyr, Y., Strauss, WE., Oates, J.A. and Roberts, L.J.I. (1995) "Increase in circulating products of lipid permddation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers: smoking as a cause of oxidative damage", N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 1198–1203.
  • Nguyen, T. and Warnig, R. (1989) "Improved method for separation of total HDL cholesterol and subclasses", Clin. Chem. 35, 1086.
  • Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. and Fredrickson, D.S. (1972) "Estimation of the concentration of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge", Clin. Chem. 18, 499–502.
  • Leinonen, J., Rantalaiho, V, Solakivi, T., Koivula, T., Wirta, 0., Pasternack, A., Alho, H. and Lehtimäki, T. (1998) "Suscepti-bility of LDL to oxidation is not associated with the presence of coronary heart disease or renal dysfunction in NIDDM patients", Clin. Chim. Acta 28, 163–174.
  • Grady, D., Herrington, D., Bittner, V, Blumenthal, R., Davidson, M., Illatky, M., Hsia, J., Hulley, S., Herd, A., Khan, S., Newby, L.K., Waters, D., Vittinghoff, E. and Wenger, N. (2002) "Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)", J. Am. Med. Assoc. 288, 49–57.
  • Knopp, R.H. (1988) "Cardiovascular effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones over a woman's lifetime", Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 158, 1630–1643.
  • Wakatsuki, A. and Sagara, Y. (1996) "Effects of continuous medroxyprogesterone acetate on lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen", Maturitas 25, 35–44.
  • Austin, M.A., Hokanson, J.E. and Edwards, K.L. (1998) "Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor", Am. J. Cardiol. 81, 7B–12B.
  • Humphries, K.H. and Gill, S. (2003) "Risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy: the evidence speaks", CMAJ 168, 1001–1010.
  • Schaefer, E.J., Lamon-Fava, S., Jenner, J.L., McNamara, J.R., Ordovas, J.M., Davis, C.E., Abolafia, J.M., Lippel, K. and Levy, R.I. (1994) "Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of coronary heart disease in men. The lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial", J. Am. Med. Assoc. 271, 999–1003.
  • Wakatsuki, A., Ikenoue, N. and Sagara, Y. (1998) "Effects of estrogen on susceptibility to oxidation of low-density and high-density lipoprotein in postmenopausal women", Maturitas 28, 229–234.
  • Mueck, A.O., Seeger, H. and Lippert, T.H. (1998) "Estradiol inhibits LDL oxidation: do the progestins medroxyprogester-one acetate and norethisterone acetate influence this effect?", Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 25, 26–28.
  • Arteaga, E., Rojas, A., Villaseca, P., Bianchi, M., Arteaga, A. and Duran, D. (1998) "In vitro effect of estradiol, proge-sterone, testosterone, and of combined estradiol/progestins on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in postmenopau-sal women", Menopause 5, 16–23.
  • Zhu, X., Bonet, B. and Knopp, R.H. (2000) "Estradiol 17 beta inhibition of LDL oxidation and endothelial cell cytotoxicity is opposed by progestins to different degrees", Atherosclerosis 148, 31–41.
  • Chahboun, S., Tallineau, C., Pontcharraud, R., Guettier, A. and Piriou, A. (1990) "Polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and alpha-tocopherol levels in plasma and whole blood incubated with copper. Evidence of inhibition of lipopermddation in plasma by hemolysate", Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1042, 324–329.
  • Wen, Y, Doyle, M.C., Harrison, R.F. and Feely, J. (1997) "The effect of hormone replacement therapy on vitamin E status in postmenopausal women", Maturitas 26, 121–124.
  • Kuo, S.M., Stout, A., Wactawski-Wende, J. and Leppert, P.C. (2002) "Ascorbic acid status in postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy", Maturitas 41, 45–50.
  • Wakatsuki, A., Ikenoue, N. and Sagara, Y. (1997) "Effect of estrogen on the size of low-density lipoprotein particles in postmenopausal women", Obstet. Gynecol. 90, 22–25.
  • Mackness, MI. and Durrington, EN. (1995) "HDL, its enzymes and its potential to influence lipid peroxidation", Atherosclerosis 115, 243–253.
  • Koivu, T.A., Dastidar, P., Jokela, H., Nikkari, ST., Jaakkola, 0., Koivula, T., Punnonen, R. and Lehtimaki, T. (2001) "The relation of oxidized LDL autoantibodies and long-term hormone replacement therapy to ultrasono-graphically assessed atherosclerotic plaque quantity and severity in postmenopausal women", Atherosclerosis 157, 471–479.
  • Morrow, J.D., Awad, J.A., Boss, H.J., Blair, I.A. and Roberts, L.J.I. (1992) "Non-cyclooxygenase-derived prosta-noids (F2-isoprostanes) are formed in situ on phospholipids", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10721–10725.
  • Catella, E, Reilly, M.P., Delanty, N., Lawson, J.A., Moran, N., Meagher, E. and FitzGerald, G.A. (1995) "Physiological formation of 8-epi-PGF2e, in vivo is not affected by cydooxygenase inhibition", Adv. Prostaglandin Tromboxane Len/cot. Res. 23, 233–236.
  • Turpeinen, A.M., Basu, S. and Mutanen, M. (1998) "A high linoleic acid diet increases oxidative stress in vivo and affects nitric oxide metabolism in humans", Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 59, 229–233.
  • Basu, S., Smedman, A. and Vessby, B. (2000) "Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in humans", FEBS Lett. 468, 33–36.
  • Ke, R.W., Todd Pace, D. and Ahokas, R.A. (2003) "Effect of short-term hormone therapy on oxidative stress and endothelial function in African American and Caucasian postmenopausal women", Fertil. Steril. 79, 1118–1122.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.