Xanthine Oxido-reductase Activity in Ischemic Human and Rat Intestine

References

• Deitch, E.A. (1992) "Multiple organ failure. Pathophysiology and potential future therapy", Ann. Surg. 216, 117–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C. and Jackson, R. (2002) "Reactive species mechanisms of cellular hypoxia—reoxygenation injury", Am. J. Physiol. 282, C227—C241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger, D., Rutili, G. and McCord, J. (1981) "Superoxide radicals in feline intestinal ischemia", Gastroenterology 81, 22–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCord, J. (1985) "Oxygen-derived free radicals in post-ischemic tissue injury", N. Engl. J. Med. 312, 159–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarantola, M., Motterlini, R., Beretta, M. and Samaja, M. (1991) "Dual role of hypoxanthine in the reoxygenation of hypoxic isolated rat hearts", J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 23, 77–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaja, M., Allibardi, S., de Jonge, R. and Chierchia, S. (1998) "High-energy phosphates metabolism and recovery in reperfused ischemic hearts", Fur. J. Clin. Investig. 28,983–988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks, D.A., Williams, T.K. and Beckman, J.S. (1988) "Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat intestine: a reevaluation", Am. J. Physiol. 254, G768—G774.
   Google Scholar
• Engerson, T., Mckelvey, T., Rhyne, D., Boggio, E., Snyder, S. and Jones, H. (1987) "Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic tissues", J. Clin. Investig. 79, 1564–1570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, R. (2002) "Structure and function of xanthine oxidoreductase: where are we now?", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 774–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooij, A. (1994) "A re-evaluation of the tissue distribution and physiology of xanthine oxidoreductase", Histochem. J. 26, 889–915.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Jong, J.W., Schoemaker, R.G., de Jonge, R., Bernocchi, P., Keijzer, E., Harrison, R., Sharma, H.S. and Ceconi, C. (2000) "Enhanced expression and activity of xanthine oxidoreduc-tase in the failing heart", J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 32, 2083–2089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirpe, F., Ravaioli, M., Battelli, M.G., Musiani, S. and Grazi, G.L. (2002) "Xanthine oxidoreductase activity in human liver disease", Am. J. Gastroenterol. 97, 2079–2085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terada, L.S., Leff, J.A. and Repine, J.E. (1990) "Measurement of xanthine oxidase in biological tissues", Methods Enzymol. 186, 651–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishino, T., Usami, C. and Tsushima, K. (1983) "Reversible interconversion between sulfo and desulfo xanthine oxidase in a system containing rhodanese, thiosulfate, and sulfhydryl reagent", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 1826–1829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terada, L.S., Piermattei, D., Shibao, G.N., McManaman, J.L. and Wright, R.M. (1997) "Hypoxia regulates xanthine dehydrogenase activity at pre- and posttranslational levels", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 348, 163–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder, N., Martelin, E., Lapatto, R. and Raivio, K.O. (2003) "Posttranslational inactivation of human xanthine oxido-reductase by oxygen under standard cell culture conditions", Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 285, C48—055.
   Google Scholar
• Moriwaki, Y., Yamamoto, T. and Higashino, K. (1997) "Distribution and pathophysiologic role of molybdenum-containing enzymes", Histol. Histopathol. 12, 513–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooij, A., Schiller, H.J., Schijns, M., Van Noorden, C.J. and Frederiks, W.M. (1994) "Conversion of xanthine dehydro-genase into xanthine oxidase in rat liver and plasma at the onset of reperfusion after ischemia", Hepatology 19, 1488–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cighetti, G., Debiasi, S. and Paroni, R. (1994) "No documentable role for xanthine oxidase in the pathogenesis of hepatic in vivo ischaemia/reperfusion injury", Pharmacol. Res. 30, 243–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke, H. (2002) "Xanthine oxidase-induced oxidant stress during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion: are we coming full circle after 20 years?", Hepatology 36, 761–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coudray, C., Boucher, F., Pucheu, S., de Leiris, J. and Favier, A. (1994) "Xanthine oxidase activity and lipid peroxide content following different types of ischemia in the isolated rat heart", Agents Actions 41, 144–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindsay, S., Liu, T.H., Xu, J.A., Marshall, P.A., Thompson, J.K., Parks, D.A., Freeman, BA., Hsu, C.Y. and Beckman, J.S. (1991) "Role of xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase in focal cerebral ischemic injury to rat", Am. J. Physiol. 261, H2051—H2057.
   Google Scholar
• Ciz, M., Cizova, H., Lojek, A., Kubala, L. and Papezikova, I. (2001) "Ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat small intestine: the effect of allopurinol dosage", Transplant Proc. 33, 2871–2873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandel, N. and Schumacker, P. (2000) "Cellular oxygen sensing by mitochondria: old questions, new insight", J. Appl. Physiol. 88, 1880–1889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlstein, D.P., Ali, M.H., Mungai, P.T., Hynes, K.L., Gewertz, B.L. and Schumacker, P.T. (2002) "Role of mitochondrial oxidant generation in endothelial cell responses to hypoxia", Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22, 566–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godin, D.V. and Bhimji, S. (1987) "Effects of allopurinol on myocardial ischemic injury induced by coronary artery ligation and reperfusion", Biochem. Pharmacol. 36, 2101–2107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalini, S., Mathan, M.M. and Balasubramanian, K.A. (1993) "Oxygen free radical induced damage during intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in normal and xanthine oxidase deficient rats", Mol. Cell Biochem. 124, 59–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain, M.A., Hamamoto, I., Todo, S., Maeba, T. and Tanaka, S. (1995) "Comparison of warm and cold ischemia of the canine small intestine", Fur. Surg. Res. 27, 234–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar