References
- Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:7915–7922.
- Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Curiosity, cause or consequence? Lancet 1994;344:721–724.
- Peto R, Doll R, Buckley JD, Sporn MB. Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature 1981;290:201–208.
- Mayne ST. Beta carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in humans. FASEB J 1996;10:690–701.
- Omenn GS, Goodman G, Thoprnquist M, Grizzle J, Rosen-stock L, Barnhart S, Balmes J, Cherniack MG, Cullen MR, Glass A, Keogh J, Meyskens Jr F, Valanis B, Williams Jr J. The beta-carotene and retinol efficiancy trial (CARET) for chemoprevention of lung cancer in high risk populations: Smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. Cancer Res 1994;54:2038s–2043s.
- Shields PG. Epidemiology of tobacco carcinogenesis. Curr Oncol Rep 2000;2:257–262.
- Wood D. Established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Am Heart J 2001;141:549–557.
- Hagmar L, Brogger A, Hansteen IL, Heim S, Högstedt B, Knudsen L, Lambert B, Linnainmaa K, Mitelman F, Nordenson I, Reuterwall C, Salomaa S, Skerfving S, Sorsa M. Cancer risk in humans predicted by increased levels of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes: Nordic study group on the health risk of chromosome damage. Cancer Res 1994;54:2919–2922.
- Vaglenov K, Karadjov AG. Micronucleus frequencies in Bulgarian control populations. Cent Eur J Occup Environ Med 1997;3:187 —194 .
- Fenech M. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique: A detailed description of the method and its application to genotoxicity studies in human populations. Mutat Res 1993;285:35–44.
- Yager YW. The effect of background variables of human peripheral lymphocyte micronuclei. In: Vainio H, Sorsa M, McMichael AJ, editors. Complex mixtures and cancer risk. IARC, Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications No. 104; 1990. p 147–150.
- Barale R, Chelotti L, Davini T, Del Ry S, Andreassi MG, Ballardin M, Bulleri M, He J, Baldacci S, Di Pede F, Gemignani F, Landi S. Sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei frequency in human lymphocytes of 1650 subjects in Italian population. II. Contribution of sex, age, and lifestyle. Environ Mol Mutagen 1998;31: 228–242.
- Bonassi S, Neri M, Lando C, Ceppi M, Lin Y, Chang WP, Holland N, Kirsch-Volders M, Zeiger E, Fenech M. Effect of smoking habit on the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes: Results from the Human MicroNucleus project. Mutat Res 2003;243:155–166.
- Smolková B, DuSinská M, RaSlová K, McNeill G, Spustová V, Blaikek P, Horski A, Collins A. Effects of seasonal variation in diet on markers of oxidative damage to lipids and DNA in defined population groups in Slovakia. Mutat Res 2004;551:135–144.
- Duginskd M, KaZimirová A, Baran'éoková M, Beim M, Raglová K, Smolkovi B, Horski A, Wsólovi L, Collins AR. Nutritional supplementation with antioxidants decreases chromosomal damage in humans. Mutagenesis 2003;18:371–376.
- Cerhata D, Bauerova A, Ginter E. Determination of ascorbic acid in blood serum using high-performance liquid chromato-graphy and its correlation with spectrophotometric (colon-metric) determination. Ceska Slov Farm 1994;13:166–168.
- Hess D, Keller HE, Oberlin B, Bonfati R, Schuep W. Simultaneous determination of retinol, tocopherols, carotenes and lycopene in plasma by means of high performance liquid chromatography on reversed phase. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res 1991;61:232–238.
- Ursinyovi M, Hladikovi V. Determination of selenium in serum using atomic absorption spectrometry. Chemické Listy 1998;92:495–498.
- Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power. The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996;239:70–76.
- Wong SHY, Knight JA, Hopfer SM, Zaharia 0, Leach CHN, Sunderman FW. Lipoperoxides in plasma as measured by liquid chromatographic separation of malondialdehyde-thio-barbituric acid adduct. Chin Chem 1987;33:214–220.
- Fenech M. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique: A detailed description of the method and its application to genotoxicity studies in human populations. Mutat Res 1993;285:35–44.
- Duginski M, Vallovi B, Ursinyovi M, Hladikovi V, Smolkovi B, Wsólovi L, Raglovi K, Collins AR. DNA damage and antioxidants: Fluctuation through the year in a central European population group. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1119–1123.
- Smolkovi B, Duginski M, Raglovi K, McNeill G, Spustovi V, Blaiiéek P, Horská A, Collins A. Effects of seasonal variation in diet on markers of oxidative damage to lipids and DNA in defined population groups in Slovakia. Mutat Res 2004;551:135–144.
- Halliwell B. Establishing the significance and optimal intake of dietary antioxidants: The biomarker concept. Nutr Rev 1999;57:104 —113 .
- Antonenkov V, Sies H. Ascorbate-dependent capacity of dialysed rat liver cytosol to prevent nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. Biol Chem Hoppe-Syler 1992; 373:1111–1116.
- Chao JC, Huang CH, Wu SJ, Yang SC, Chang NC, Shieh MJ, Lo PN. Effects of beta-carotene, vitamin C and E on antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic smokers. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13:427–434.
- Jacob RA, Aiello GM, Stephensen CB, Blumberg JB, Milbury PE, Wallock LM, Ames BN. Moderate antioxidant supple-mentation has no effect on biomarkers of oxidant damage in healthy men with low fruit and vegetable intake. J Nutr 2003;133:740–743 .
- Bonassi S, Hagmar L, Stromberg U, Montagud AH, Tinnerberg H, Forni A, Heikkila P, Wanders S, Wilhardt P, Hansteen IL, Knudsen LE, Norppa H. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes predict human cancer independently of exposure to carcinogens. European Study Group on Cytogenetic Biomarkers and Health. Cancer Res 2000;60:1619–1625.