Dietary nitrite induces occludin nitration in the stomach

References

• Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT. The nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008;7:156–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hord NG, Tang Y, Bryan NS. Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha BS, Gago B, Pereira C, Barbosa RM, Bartesaghi S, Lundberg JO, et al. Dietary nitrite in nitric oxide biology: a redox interplay with implications for pathophysiology and therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2011;12:1351–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonacci G, Baker PR, Salvatore SR, Shores D, Khoo NK, Koenitzer JR, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid is a preferential substrate for fatty acid nitration. J Biol Chem 2012;287:44071–44082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazzari M, Trostchansky A, Schopfer FJ, Salvatore SR, Sánchez-Calvo B, Vitturi D, et al. Olives and olive oil are sources of electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes. PLoS One 2014;9:e84884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha BS, Gago B, Barbosa RM, Lundberg JO, Mann GE, Radi R, Laranjinha J. Pepsin is nitrated in the rat stomach, acquiring antiulcerogenic activity: a novel interaction between dietary nitrate and gut proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2013;58:26–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delmastro-Greenwood M, Hughan KS, Vitturi DA, Salvatore SR, Grimes G, Potti G, et al. Nitrite and nitrate-dependent generation of anti-inflammatory fatty acid nitroalkenes. Free Radic Biol Med 2015;89:333–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchiando AM, Graham WV, Turner JR. Epithelial barriers in homeostasis and disease. Annu Rev Pathol 2010;5:119–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukita S, Furuse M, Itoh M. Multifunctional strands in tight junctions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001;2:285–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furuse M, Hirase T, Itoh M, Nagafuchi A, Yonemura S, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions. J Cell Biol 1993;123:1777–1788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha BS, Gago B, Barbosa RM, Lundberg JO, Radi R, Laranjinha J. Intragastric nitration by dietary nitrite: implications for modulation of protein and lipid signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52:693–698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza JM, Daikhin E, Yudkoff M, Raman CS, Ischiropoulos H. Factors determining the selectivity of protein tyrosine nitration. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999;371:169–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ischiropoulos H. Biological selectivity and functional aspects of protein tyrosine nitration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;305:776–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg JO, Govoni M. Inorganic nitrate is a possible source for systemic generation of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2004;37:395–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govoni M, Jansson EA, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash. Nitric Oxide 2008;19:333–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneeberger EE, Lynch RD. The tight junction: a multifunctional complex. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004;286:C1213–C1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner HL, Turner JR. Good fences make good neighbors: gastrointestinal mucosal structure. Gut Microbes 2010;1:22–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bellmann C, Schreivogel S, Gunther R, Dabrowski S, Schümann M, Wolburg H, Blasig IE. Highly conserved cysteines are involved in the oligomerization of occludin-redox dependency of the second extracellular loop. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014;20:855–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter JK, Castro V, Voss M, Gast K, Rueckert C, Piontek J, Blasig IE. Redox-sensitivity of the dimerization of occludin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:3655–3662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elamin E, Masclee A, Juuti-Uusitalo K, van Ijzendoorn S, Troost F, Pieters HJ, et al. Fatty acid ethyl esters induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism in a three-dimensional cell culture model. PLoS One 2013;8:e58561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos PM, Van den Brandt PA, Wedel M, Ockhuizen T. The reproducibility of the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in human saliva after a nitrate load. Food Chem Toxicol 1988;26:93–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan C, Dougall H, Johnston P, Green S, Brogan R, Leifert C, et al. Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat Med 1995;1:546–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He G, Shankar RA, Chzhan M, Samouilov A, Kuppusamy P, Zweier JL. Noninvasive measurement of anatomic structure and intraluminal oxygenation in the gastrointestinal tract of living mice with spatial and spectral EPR imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:4586–4591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Biology of nitrogen oxides in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut 2013;62:616–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner DA, Schultz DS, Deen WM, Young VR, Tannenbaum SR. Metabolic fate of an oral dose of 15N-labeled nitrate in humans: effect of diet supplementation with ascorbic acid. Cancer Res 1983;43:1921–1925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietraforte D, Castelli M, Metere A, Scorza G, Samoggia P, Menditto A, Minetti M. Salivary uric acid at the acidic pH of the stomach is the principal defense against nitrite-derived reactive species: sparing effects of chlorogenic acid and serum albumin. Free Radic Biol Med 2006;41:1753–1763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gago B, Lundberg JO, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J. Red wine-dependent reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in the stomach. Free Radic Biol Med 2007;43:1233–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha BS, Gago B, Barbosa RM, Cavaleiro C, Laranjinha J. Ethyl nitrite is produced in the human stomach from dietary nitrate and ethanol, releasing nitric oxide at physiological pH: potential impact on gastric motility. Free Radic Biol Med 2015;82:160–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira C, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J. Dietary nitrite induces nitrosation of the gastric mucosa: the protective action of the mucus and the modulatory effect of red wine. J Nutr Biochem 2015;26:476–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gago B, Nystrom T, Cavaleiro C, Rocha BS, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J, Lundberg JO. The potent vasodilator ethyl nitrite is formed upon reaction of nitrite and ethanol under gastric conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2008;45:404–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan NS, Fernandez BO, Bauer SM, Garcia-Saura MF, Milsom AB, Rassaf T, et al. Nitrite is a signaling molecule and regulator of gene expression in mammalian tissues. Nat Chem Biol 2005;1:290–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitou M, Furuse M, Sasaki H, Schulzke JD, Fromm M, Takano H, et al. Complex phenotype of mice lacking occludin, a component of tight junction strands. Mol Biol Cell 2000;11:4131–4142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy KM, Skare IB, Stankewich MC, Furuse M, Tsukita S, Rogers RA, et al. Occludin is a functional component of the tight junction. J Cell Sci 1996;109:2287–2298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balda MS, Whitney JA, Flores C, González S, Cereijido M, Matter K. Functional dissociation of paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance and disruption of the apical-basolateral intramembrane diffusion barrier by expression of a mutant tight junction membrane protein. J Cell Biol 1996;134:1031–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulzke JD, Gitter AH, Mankertz J, Spiegel S, Seidler U, Amasheh S, et al. Epithelial transport and barrier function in occludin-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1669:34–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasano A, Not T, Wang W, Uzzau S, Berti I, Tommasini A, Goldblum SE. Zonulin, a newly discovered modulator of intestinal permeability, and its expression in coeliac disease. Lancet 2000;355:1518–1519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrieta MC, Madsen K, Doyle J, Meddings J. Reducing small intestinal permeability attenuates colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient mouse. Gut 2009;58:41–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes EE, Groschwitz K, Abonia JP, Brandt EB, Cohen E, Blanchard C, et al. IL-9- and mast cell-mediated intestinal permeability predisposes to oral antigen hypersensitivity. J Exp Med 2008;205:897–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar