References
- Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110102.
- Darif D, Hammi I, Kihel A, et al. The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: what goes wrong? Microb Pathog. 2021;153:104799.
- Daher A, Balfanz P, Aetou M, et al. Clinical course of COVID-19 patients needing supplemental oxygen outside the intensive care unit. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):2256.
- Zhao N, Di B, Xu LL. The NLRP3 inflammasome and COVID-19: activation, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2021;61:2–15.
- Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pallardó FV, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation in covid-19-associated sepsis: the potential role of anti-oxidant therapy in avoiding disease progression. Antioxidants. 2020;9(10):1–20.
- Delgado-Roche L, Mesta F. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(5):384–387.
- Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: a report of 2 cases. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;30:101063.
- Vallamkondu J, John A, Yousuf W, et al. SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and assessment of coronaviruses in CNS diseases with a focus on therapeutic targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2020;1866(10):165889.
- Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Carvalho DCM, Lima EA, et al. Neutrophils and COVID-19: the road so far. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;90:107233.
- Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, et al. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10(2):102–108.
- Cevik M, Kuppalli K, Kindrachuk J, et al. Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. BMJ. 2020;371:m3862.
- Derouiche S. Oxidative stress associated with SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) increases the severity of the lung disease – A systematic review. J Infect Dis Epidemiol. 2020;6:1–6.
- Wijeratne SSK, Cuppett SL. Lipid Hydroperoxide induced oxidative stress damage and antioxidant enzyme response in caco-2 human colon cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(12):4476–4481.
- Jones DP. Redefining oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8(9–10):1865–1879.
- Kwon DH, Cha HJ, Lee H, et al. Protective effect of glutathione against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Antioxidants. 2019;8(4):82.
- Magder S. Reactive oxygen species: toxic molecules or spark of life? Critical Care. 2006;10(1):1–8.
- Rojkind M, Domínguez-Rosales J, Nieto N, et al. Role of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress in healing responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2002;59(11):1872–1891.
- Gupta D. Methods for determination of antioxidant capacity: a review. Int J Pharm Sci. 2015;6(62):546–566.
- Forman HJ, Bernardo A, Davies KJA. What is the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in blood and plasma? Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016;603(1):48–53.
- Appenzeller-Herzog C. Glutathione- and non-glutathione-based oxidant control in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Sci. 2011;124(Pt 6):847–855.
- Kirkman HN, Gaetani GF. Mammalian catalase: a venerable enzyme with new mysteries. Trends Biochem Sci. 2007;32(1):44–50.
- Abo M, Urano Y, Hanaoka K, et al. Development of a highly sensitive fluorescence probe for hydrogen peroxide. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133(27):10629–10637.
- Garcia J, Han D, Sancheti H, et al. Regulation of mitochondrial glutathione redox status and protein glutathionylation by respiratory substrates. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(51):39646–39654.
- Schott KL, Charão MF, Valentin J, et al. Influência de desproteinizantes ácidos na quantificaç ão da glutationa reduzida eritrocitária por CLAE-UV. Quim Nova. 2007;30(3):592–596.
- Zhang J, Shi L, Li Z, et al. Near-infrared fluorescence probe for hydrogen peroxide detection: design, synthesis, and application in living systems. Analyst. 2019;144(11):3643–3648.
- Hirakawa K. Fluorometry of hydrogen peroxide using oxidative decomposition of folic acid. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2006;386(2):244–248.
- Ensafi AA, Khayamian T, Hasanpour F. Determination of glutathione in hemolysed erythrocyte by flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008;48(1):140–144.
- Rahman I, Kode A, Biswas SK. Assay for quantitative determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels using enzymatic recycling method. Nat Protoc. 2006;1(6):3159–3165.
- Rose AL, Waite TD. Chemiluminescence of luminol in the presence of iron (II) and oxygen: oxidation mechanism and implications for its analytical use. Anal Chem. 2001;73(24):5909–5920.
- Griffith OW. Biologic and pharmacologic regulation of mammalian glutathione synthesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;27(9–10):922–935.
- Lacy F, O'Connor DT, Schmid-Schönbein GW. Plasma hydrogen peroxide production in hypertensives and normotensive subjects at genetic risk of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1998;16(3):291–303.
- Miller GL. Protein determination for large numbers of samples. Anal Chem. 1959;31:964–964.
- Lowry O, Rosebrough N, Farr AL, et al. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265–275.
- Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121–126.
- Moßhammer M, Kühl M, Koren K. Possibilities and challenges for quantitative optical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Chemosensors. 2017;5:1–23.
- Bakadia BM, Boni BOO, Ahmed AAQ, et al. The impact of oxidative stress damage induced by the environmental stressors on COVID-19. Life Sci. 2021;264:118653.
- van't Erve TJ, Wagner BA, Ryckman KK, et al. The concentration of glutathione in human erythrocytes is a heritable trait. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;65:742–749.
- Gadotti AC, Lipinski AL, Vasconcellos FT, et al. Susceptibility of the patients infected with Sars-Cov2 to oxidative stress and possible interplay with severity of the disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021;165:184–190.
- Huber PC, Almeida WP, De Fátima Â. Glutationa e enzimas relacionadas: papel biológico e importância em processos patológicos. Quim Nova. 2008;31(5):1170–1179.
- Pizzorno J. Glutatione! Integr Med. 2014;13(1):119–122.
- Muhammad Y, Kani YA, Iliya S, et al. Deficiency of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional comparative study in Jigawa, northwestern Nigeria. SAGE Open Med. 2021;9:2050312121991246.
- Qin M, Cao Z, Wen J, et al. An antioxidant enzyme therapeutic for COVID-19. Adv Mater. 2020;32(43):2004901.
- Damiano S, Sozio C, La Rosa G, et al. NOX-dependent signaling dysregulation in severe COVID-19: clues to effective treatments. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:608435.
- Meizlish ML, Pine AB, Bishai JD, et al. A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19. Blood Adv. 2021;5(5):1164–1177.
- Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999.
- Held BP. An introduction to reactive oxygen species. Vermont, USA: Tech Note; 2015: p. 1–21.
- Collin F. Chemical basis of reactive oxygen species reactivity and involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(10):2407.
- Bousquet J, Cristol JP, Czarlewski W. Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies. Clin Transl Allergy. 2020;10(1):1–18.