Recent progress in the development of nanomaterials targeting multiple cancer metabolic pathways: a review of mechanistic approaches for cancer treatment

References

• Adityan S, Tran M, Bhavsar C, et al. (2020). Nano-therapeutics for modulating the tumour microenvironment: Design, development, and clinical translation. J Control Release 327:512–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afshari AR, Jalili-Nik M, Soukhtanloo M, et al. (2019). Auraptene-induced cytotoxicity mechanisms in human malignant glioblastoma (U87) cells: role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excli J 18:576–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghebati-Maleki A, Dolati S, Ahmadi M, et al. (2020). Nanoparticles and cancer therapy: Perspectives for application of nanoparticles in the treatment of cancers. J Cell Physiol 235:1962–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alamzadeh Z, Beik J, Mirrahimi M, et al. (2020). Gold nanoparticles promote a multimodal synergistic cancer therapy strategy by co-delivery of thermo-chemo-radio therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 145:105235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander ET, Mariner K, Donnelly J, et al. (2020). Polyamine blocking therapy decreases survival of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive myeloid cells and enhances the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Mol Cancer Ther 19:2012–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amani H, Habibey R, Shokri F, et al. (2019). Selenium nanoparticles for targeted stroke therapy through modulation of inflammatory and metabolic signaling. Sci Rep 9:1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin M, Tang S, Shalamanova L, et al. (2021). Polyamine biomarkers as indicators of human disease. Biomarkers 26:77–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anniebell S, Gopinath SC. (2018). Polymer conjugated gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications. Curr Med Chem 25:1433–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. (2016). Nanoparticles in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 1:10–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auría-Soro C, Nesma T, Juanes-Velasco P, et al. (2019). Interactions of nanoparticles and biosystems: microenvironment of nanoparticles and biomolecules in nanomedicine. Nanomaterials 9:1365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baig N, Kammakakam I, Falath W. (2021). Nanomaterials: A review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges. Mater Adv 2:1821–71.
   Google Scholar
• Benfeitas R, Uhlen M, Nielsen J, et al. (2017). New challenges to study heterogeneity in cancer redox metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 5:65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian W, Wang Y, Pan Z, et al. (2021). Review of functionalized nanomaterials for photothermal therapy of cancers. ACS Appl Nano Mater 4:11353–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidkhori G, Benfeitas R, Klevstig M, et al. (2018). Metabolic network-based stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals three distinct tumor subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E11874–E11883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet S, Archer SL, Allalunis-Turner J, et al. (2007). A mitochondria-K + channel axis is suppressed in cancer and its normalization promotes apoptosis and inhibits cancer growth. Cancer Cell 11:37–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, et al. (2021). The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer 127:3029–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busk M, Horsman MR, Kristjansen PEG, et al. (2008). Aerobic glycolysis in cancers: implications for the usability of oxygen-responsive genes and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET as markers of tissue hypoxia. Int J Cancer 122:2726–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casero RA, Stewart TM, Pegg AE. (2018). Polyamine metabolism and cancer: treatments, challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 18:681–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang X, Li J, Niu S, et al. (2021). Neurotoxicity of metal-containing nanoparticles and implications in glial cells. J Appl Toxicol 41:65–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Shi T, Zhang L, et al. (2016). Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett 370:153–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Counihan JL, Grossman EA, Nomura DK. (2018). Cancer metabolism: current understanding and therapies. Chem Rev 118:6893–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagogo-Jack I, Shaw AT. (2018). Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15:81–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang CV. (2010). Rethinking the Warburg effect with myc micromanaging glutamine metabolismmyc micromanaging metabolism. Cancer Res 70:859–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBerardinis RJ, Chandel NS. (2016). Fundamentals of cancer metabolism. Sci Adv 2:e1600200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Y, Jia F, Chen X, et al. (2020). ATP suppression by pH-activated mitochondria-targeted delivery of nitric oxide nanoplatform for drug resistance reversal and metastasis inhibition. Small 16:2001747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhumal D, Lan W, Ding L, et al. (2021). An ionizable supramolecular dendrimer nanosystem for effective siRNA delivery with a favorable safety profile. Nano Res 14:2247–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dusek CO, Hadden MK. (2021). Targeting the GLI family of transcription factors for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 16:289–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzobo K, Senthebane DA, Ganz C, et al. (2020). Advances in therapeutic targeting of cancer stem cells within the tumor microenvironment: an updated review. Cells 9:1896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgogary A, Xu Q, Poore B, et al. (2016). Combination therapy with BPTES nanoparticles and metformin targets the metabolic heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E5328–E5336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertas YN, Abedi Dorcheh K, Akbari A, et al. (2021). Nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to cancer stem cells: a review of recent advances. Nanomaterials 11:1755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feissner RF, et al. (2009). Crosstalk signaling between mitochondrial Ca2+ and ROS. Frontiers in Bioscience: a Journal and Virtual Library 14:1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finicle BT, Jayashankar V, Edinger AL. (2018). Nutrient scavenging in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 18:619–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaglio D, Metallo CM, Gameiro PA, et al. (2011). Oncogenic K-Ras decouples glucose and glutamine metabolism to support cancer cell growth. Mol Syst Biol 7:523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimeno-Benito I, Giusti A, Dekkers S, et al. (2021). A review to support the derivation of a worst-case dermal penetration value for nanoparticles. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 119:104836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guimarães PPG, Gaglione S, Sewastianik T, et al. (2018). Nanoparticles for immune cytokine TRAIL-based cancer therapy. ACS Nano 12:912–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutteridge REA, Ndiaye MA, Liu X, et al. (2016). Plk1 inhibitors in cancer therapy: from laboratory to clinics. Mol Cancer Ther 15:1427–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamida RS, Albasher G, Bin-Meferij MM. (2020). Oxidative stress and apoptotic responses elicited by nostoc-synthesized silver nanoparticles against different cancer cell lines. Cancers 12:2099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao Y, Samuels Y, Li Q, et al. (2016). Oncogenic PIK3CA mutations reprogram glutamine metabolism in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 7:11971–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassounah NB, Bunch TA, McDermott KM. (2012). Molecular pathways: the role of primary cilia in cancer progression and therapeutics with a focus on hedgehog signaling primary cilia in Cancer: Impact on Hedgehog-targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res 18:2429–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie M, Tabei Y. (2021). Role of oxidative stress in nanoparticles toxicity. Free Radic Res 55:331–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Z, Zhang M, Plec AA, et al. (2018). ACSS2 promotes systemic fat storage and utilization through selective regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E9499–E9506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ion R-M, A-A, Sorescu, A. Nuta. (2021). Green synthesis of lanthanides and actinides-based nanomaterials. In: Handbook of greener synthesis of nanomaterials and compounds. Elsevier, 355–388.
   Google Scholar
• Jalili-Nik M, Sadeghi MM, Mohtashami E, et al. (2020). Zerumbone promotes cytotoxicity in human malignant glioblastoma cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:3237983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RG, Thompson CB. (2009). Tumor suppressors and cell metabolism: a recipe for cancer growth. Genes Dev 23:537–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamphorst JJ, Nofal M, Commisso C, et al. (2015). Human pancreatic cancer tumors are nutrient poor and tumor cells actively scavenge extracellular protein. Cancer Res 75:544–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khiavi MA, et al. (2020). PEGylated gold nanoparticles-ribonuclease induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. BioImpacts: BI 10:27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khot VM, Salunkhe AB, Pricl S, et al. (2021). Nanomedicine-driven molecular targeting, drug delivery, and therapeutic approaches to cancer chemoresistance. Drug Discov Today 26:724–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana RK, Jain A, Jain A, et al. (2018). Administration of antioxidants in cancer: debate of the decade. Drug Discov Today 23:763–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kianfar E. (2021). Magnetic nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery: a review. J Supercond Nov Magn 34:1709–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Cho HR, Jeon H, et al. (2017). Continuous O2-evolving MnFe2O4 nanoparticle-anchored mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer. J Am Chem Soc 139:10992–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, DeBerardinis RJ. (2019). Mechanisms and implications of metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. Cell Metab 30:434–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SM, Nguyen TT, Ravi A, et al. (2018). PTEN deficiency and AMPK activation promote nutrient scavenging and anabolism in prostate cancer CellsPTEN loss and AMPK promote nutrient scavenging. Cancer Discov 8:866–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong N, Zhang R, Wu G, et al. (2022). Intravesical delivery of KDM6A-mRNA via mucoadhesive nanoparticles inhibits the metastasis of bladder cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci Usa 119:e2112696119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai Y, Tang F, Huang Y, et al. (2021). The tumour microenvironment and metabolism in renal cell carcinoma targeted or immune therapy. J Cell Physiol 236:1616–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambies G, C. Commisso. (2022). Macropinocytosis and cancer: from tumor stress to signaling pathways. In: Macropinocytosis. Switzerland: Springer, 15–40.
   Google Scholar
• Landen CN, Chavez-Reyes A, Bucana C, et al. (2005). Therapeutic EphA2 gene targeting in vivo using neutral liposomal small interfering RNA delivery. Cancer Res 65:6910–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KS, Chung HC, Im SA, et al. (2008). Multicenter phase II trial of Genexol-PM, a Cremophor-free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 108:241–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Koo H, Na JH, et al. (2014). Chemical tumor-targeting of nanoparticles based on metabolic glycoengineering and click chemistry. ACS Nano 8:2048–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L, Pang W, Jiang X, et al. (2022). Light amplified oxidative stress in tumor microenvironment by carbonized hemin nanoparticles for boosting photodynamic anticancer therapy. Light Sci Appl 11:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L-S, Huang T, Song J, et al. (2019). Synthesis of copper peroxide nanodots for H2O2 self-supplying chemodynamic therapy. J Am Chem Soc 141:9937–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L-SSJ, Song L, Ke K, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Shen Z, Li J, Yang Z, Tang W, Niu G, Yang H-H, Chen X. (2018). Simultaneous fenton-like ion delivery and glutathione depletion by MnO 2-based nanoagent to enhance chemodynamic therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:4902–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisanti MP, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Chiavarina B, et al. (2010). Understanding the ‘lethal’ drivers of tumor-stroma co-evolution: emerging role (s) for hypoxia, oxidative stress and autophagy/mitophagy in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Ther 10:537–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Wang D, Zhang S, et al. (2019). Biodegradable biomimic copper/manganese silicate nanospheres for chemodynamic/photodynamic synergistic therapy with simultaneous glutathione depletion and hypoxia relief. ACS Nano 13:4267–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu N, Tang M. (2020). Toxic effects and involved molecular pathways of nanoparticles on cells and subcellular organelles. J Appl Toxicol 40:16–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Liu W, Zhang M, et al. (2018). Ferrous-supply-regeneration nanoengineering for cancer-cell-specific ferroptosis in combination with imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. Acs Nano 12:12181–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Sun Q, Wang X. (2017). PLK1, a potential target for cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 10:22–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucky SS, Soo KC, Zhang Y. (2015). Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy. Chem Rev 115:1990–2042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luengo A, Gui DY, Vander Heiden MG. (2017). Targeting metabolism for cancer therapy. Cell Chem Biol 24:1161–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunova M, Smolková B, Lynnyk A, et al. (2019). Targeting the mTOR signaling pathway utilizing nanoparticles: a critical overview. Cancers 11:82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maharjan PS, Bhattarai HK. (2022). Singlet oxygen, photodynamic therapy, and mechanisms of cancer cell death. J Oncol 2022:7211485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin JJG, Al-Abdulla R, Lozano E, et al. (2016). Mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 16:318–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashimo T, Pichumani K, Vemireddy V, et al. (2014). Acetate is a bioenergetic substrate for human glioblastoma and brain metastases. Cell 159:1603–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews CK. (2015). Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism, mutagenesis and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 15:528–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes R, Carreira B, Baptista PV, et al. (2016). Non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers and targeted therapy-two faces of the same coin fostered by nanotechnology. Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development 1:155–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menendez JA, Mehmi I, Atlas E, et al. (2004). Novel signaling molecules implicated in tumor-associated fatty acid synthase-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation and survival: Role of exogenous dietary fatty acids, p53-p21WAF1/CIP1, ERK1/2 MAPK, p27KIP1, BRCA1, and NF-κB. Int J Oncol 24:591–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercier M-C, Dontenwill M, Choulier L. (2017). Selection of nucleic acid aptamers targeting tumor cell-surface protein biomarkers. Cancers 9:69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meric-Bernstam F, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. (2009). Targeting the mTOR signaling network for cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 27:2278–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michy, T, Massias T, Bernard C, Vanwonterghem L, Henry M, Guidetti M, Royal G, Coll JL, Texier I, Josserand V, Hurbin AA. (2019). Verteporfin-loaded lipid nanoparticles improve ovarian cancer photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo. Cancers 11:1760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller DM, Thomas SD, Islam A, et al. (2012). c-Myc and cancer metabolism. Clin Cancer Res 18:5546–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadalipour A, Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. (2020). Mitochondrial transfer and regulators of mesenchymal stromal cell function and therapeutic efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:603292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullapudi SS, Mitra D, Li M, et al. (2020). Potentiating anti-cancer chemotherapeutics and antimicrobials via sugar-mediated strategies. Mol Syst Des Eng 5:772–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagao A, Kobayashi M, Koyasu S, et al. (2019). HIF-1-dependent reprogramming of glucose metabolic pathway of cancer cells and its therapeutic significance. IJMS 20:238.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen TB, Louie SM, Daniele JR, et al. (2017). DGAT1-dependent lipid droplet biogenesis protects mitochondrial function during starvation-induced autophagy. Dev Cell 42:9–21. e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitheesh Y, Pradhan R, Hejmady S, et al. (2021). Surface engineered nanocarriers for the management of breast cancer. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 130:112441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivares O, Mayers JR, Gouirand V, et al. (2017). Collagen-derived proline promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell survival under nutrient limited conditions. Nat Commun 8:16031–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson KA, Schell JC, Rutter J. (2016). Pyruvate and metabolic flexibility: illuminating a path toward selective cancer therapies. Trends Biochem Sci 41:219–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott PA, Carvajal RD, Pandit-Taskar N, et al. (2013). Phase I/II study of pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) in patients with advanced melanoma. Invest New Drugs 31:425–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palazzolo S, Bayda S, Hadla M, et al. (2018). The clinical translation of organic nanomaterials for cancer therapy: a focus on polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and exosomes. Curr Med Chem 25:4224–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrobono S, Gagliardi S, Stecca B. (2019). Non-canonical hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer: Activation of GLI transcription factors beyond smoothened. Front Genet 10:556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raez LE, Papadopoulos K, Ricart AD, et al. (2013). A phase I dose-escalation trial of 2-deoxy-D-glucose alone or combined with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 71:523–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramelyte E, Restivo G, Mannino M, et al. (2022). Advances in the drug management of basal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 23:573–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recouvreux MV, Commisso C. (2017). Macropinocytosis: a metabolic adaptation to nutrient stress in cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8:261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen MN, Goodwin RA, Vickers MM. (2021). BRCA mutated pancreatic cancer: A change is coming. World J Gastroenterol 27:1943–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozema DB, Lewis DL, Wakefield DH, et al. (2007). Dynamic PolyConjugates for targeted in vivo delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:12982–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakamoto JH, van de Ven AL, Godin B, et al. (2010). Enabling individualized therapy through nanotechnology. Pharmacol Res 62:57–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schug ZT, Vande Voorde J, Gottlieb E. (2016). The metabolic fate of acetate in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 16:708–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shackelford DB, Abt E, Gerken L, et al. (2013). LKB1 inactivation dictates therapeutic response of non-small cell lung cancer to the metabolism drug phenformin. Cancer Cell 23:143–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao X, Ding Z, Zhou W, et al. (2021). Intrinsic bioactivity of black phosphorus nanomaterials on mitotic centrosome destabilization through suppression of PLK1 kinase. Nat Nanotechnol 16:1150–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikh MA, Althouse AD, Freese KE, et al. (2014). USA endometrial cancer projections to 2030: should we be concerned? Future Oncol 10:2561–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard S, Santosa EK, Lau CM, et al. (2021). Lactate dehydrogenase A-dependent aerobic glycolysis promotes natural killer cell anti-viral and anti-tumor function. Cell Rep 35:109210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi J, Votruba AR, Farokhzad OC, et al. (2010). Nanotechnology in drug delivery and tissue engineering: from discovery to applications. Nano Lett 10:3223–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shtam TA, Kovalev RA, Varfolomeeva EY, et al. (2013). Exosomes are natural carriers of exogenous siRNA to human cells in vitro. Cell Commun Signal 11:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. (2020). Cancer statistics, 2020. CA A Cancer J Clin 70:7–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sies H. (2015). Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol 4:180–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SK, Gordetsky JB, Bae S, et al. (2020). Selective targeting of the Hedgehog signaling pathway by PBM nanoparticles in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. Cells 9:1976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Barry WT, Seah DS, et al. (2020). Patterns of recurrence and metastasis in BRCA1/BRCA2-associated breast cancers. Cancer 126:271–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli JB, Haigis MC. (2018). The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 20:745–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong AL, Ohlstein JF, Biagas BA, et al. (2015). Leptin produced by obese adipose stromal/stem cells enhances proliferation and metastasis of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 17:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung H, et al. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer J Clin 71:209–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suresh S. (2007). Biomechanics and biophysics of cancer cells. Acta Biomater 3:413–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang L, Mei Y, Shen Y, et al. (2021). Nanoparticle-mediated targeted drug delivery to remodel tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 16:5811–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Liu Y, He M, et al. (2019). Chemodynamic therapy: tumour microenvironment-mediated Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 58:946–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas D, Rathinavel AK, Radhakrishnan P. (2021). Altered glycosylation in cancer: A promising target for biomarkers and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1875:188464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. (2018). Potential contributions of antioxidants to cancer therapy: immunomodulation and radiosensitization. Integr Cancer Ther 17:210–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran H-V, Ngo NM, Medhi R, et al. (2022). Multifunctional iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications: A review. Materials 15:503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valencia PM, et al. (2020). Microfluidic technologies for accelerating the clinical translation of nanoparticles. Nano-Enabled Medical Applications 7:93–112.
   Google Scholar
• Valenzuela C, Chen C, Sun M, et al. (2021). Strategies and applications of covalent organic frameworks as promising nanoplatforms in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 9:3450–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. (2009). Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science 324:1029–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X-Q, Peng M, Li C-X, et al. (2018). Real-time imaging of free radicals for mitochondria-targeting hypoxic tumor therapy. Nano Lett 18:6804–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei Q-Y, Xu Y-M, Lau AT. (2020). Recent progress of nanocarrier-based therapy for solid malignancies. Cancers 12:2783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei W, Zeng H, Zheng R, et al. (2020). Cancer registration in China and its role in cancer prevention and control. Lancet Oncol 21:e342–e349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieman HL, Wofford JA, and, Rathmell JC. (2007). Cytokine stimulation promotes glucose uptake via phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt regulation of Glut1 activity and trafficking. Mol Biol Cell 18:1437–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson PM, Danenberg PV, Johnston PG, et al. (2014). Standing the test of time: targeting thymidylate biosynthesis in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 11:282–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Hu D, Chen H, et al. (2018). Glucose-regulated phosphorylation of TET2 by AMPK reveals a pathway linking diabetes to cancer. Nature 559:637–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Li BL, Zhao Q, et al. (2020). Assembling defined DNA nanostructure with nitrogen-enriched carbon dots for theranostic cancer applications. Small 16:1906975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia T, Kovochich M, Brant J, et al. (2006). Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Lett 6:1794–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao W, Gao H. (2018). The impact of protein corona on the behavior and targeting capability of nanoparticle-based delivery system. Int J Pharm 552:328–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Yu Z, Fu H, et al. (2022). Dual inhibitions on glucose/glutamine metabolisms for nontoxic pancreatic cancer therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 14:21836–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Cheng Y, Zhou J, et al. (2022). Targeting cancer metabolism plasticity with JX06 nanoparticles via inhibiting PDK1 combined with metformin for endometrial cancer patients with diabetes. Adv Sci 9:2104472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo J, Park C, Yi G, et al. (2019). Active targeting strategies using biological ligands for nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Cancers 11:640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshino H, Nohata N, Miyamoto K, et al. (2017). PHGDH as a key enzyme for serine biosynthesis in HIF2α-targeting therapy for renal cell carcinoma PHGDH as a key enzyme in HIF2α targeting therapy for RCC. Cancer Res 77:6321–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Z, Zhou P, Pan W, et al. (2018). A biomimetic nanoreactor for synergistic chemiexcited photodynamic therapy and starvation therapy against tumor metastasis. Nat Commun 9:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanotelli MR, Zhang J, Reinhart-King CA. (2021). Mechanoresponsive metabolism in cancer cell migration and metastasis. Cell Metab 33:1307–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu H, Huang S, Ding M, et al. (2022). Sulfur defect-engineered biodegradable cobalt sulfide quantum dot-driven photothermal and chemodynamic anticancer therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 14:25183–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu H, Li Z, Ye E, et al. (2021). Oxygenic enrichment in hybrid ruthenium sulfide nanoclusters for an optimized photothermal effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:60351–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuo L, Prather ER, Stetskiv M, et al. (2019). Inflammaging and oxidative stress in human diseases: from molecular mechanisms to novel treatments. IJMS 20:4472.
   Google Scholar