The Role of K⁺ Channels in Determining Pulmonary Vascular Tone, Oxygen Sensing, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis: Implications in Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

REFERENCES

• Amberg G C, Rossow C F, Navedo M F, Santana L F. NFATc3 regulates Kv2.1 expression in arterial smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 47326–47334, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S, Rich S. Primary pulmonary hypertension: a vascular biology and translational research “work in progress”. Circulation 2000; 102: 2781–2791, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S, Yankovich R, Chesler E, Weir E. Comparative effects of nisoldipine, nifedipine and bepridil on experimental pulmonary hypertension. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 233: 12–17, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Huang J, Henry T, Peterson D, Weir E K. A redox–based O2 sensor in rat pulmonary vasculature. Circ Res 1993; 73: 1100–1112, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Huang J M, Hampl V, Nelson D P, Shultz P J, Weir E K. Nitric oxide and cGMP cause vasorelaxation by activation of a charybdotoxin–sensitive K channel by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 7583–7587, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Huang J M, Reeve H L, H2mpl V, Tolarova S, Michelakis E, Weir E K. Differential distribution of electrophysiologically distinct myocytes in conduit and resistance arteries determines their response to nitric oxide and hypoxia. Circ Res 1996; 78: 431–442, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, London B, Hampl V, Wu X, Nsair A, Puttagunta L, Hashimoto K, Waite R E, Michelakis E D. Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in mice lacking the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5. FASEB J 2001; 15: 1801–1803, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Nelson D P, Weir E K. Simultaneous measurement of oxygen radicals and pulmonary vascular reactivity in the isolated rat lung. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 1903–1911, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Reeve H L, Michelakis E, Puttagunta L, Waite R, Nelson D P, Dinauer M C, Weir E K. O2 sensing is preserved in mice lacking the gp91 phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 7944–7949, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Souil E, Dinh-Xuan A T, Schremmer B, Mercier J C, El Yaagoubi A, Nguyen-Huu L, Reeve H L, Hampl V. Molecular identification of the role of voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv1.5 and Kv2.1, in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and control of resting membrane potential in rat pulmonary artery myocytes. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 2319–2330, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Weir E K, Reeve H L, Michelakis E. Molecular identification of O2 sensors and O2-sensitive potassium channels in the pulmonary circulation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 475: 219–240, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Will J A, Weir E K. Redox status in the control of pulmonary vascular tone. Herz 1986; 11: 127–141, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer S L, Wu X C, Thebaud B, Nsair A, Bonnet S, Tyrrell B, McMurtry M S, Hashimoto K, Harry G, Michelakis E D. Preferential expression and function of voltage-gated, O2-sensitive K+ channels in resistance pulmonary arteries explains regional heterogeneity in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: ionic diversity in smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2004; 95: 308–318, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahring R, Milligan C J, Vardanyan V, Engeland B, Young B A, Dannenberg J, Waldschutz R, Edwards J P, Wray D, Pongs O. Coupling of voltage–dependent potassium channel inactivation and oxidoreductase active site of Kvbeta subunits. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 22923–22929, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bartsch P, Maggiorini M, Ritter M, Noti C, Vock P, Oelz O. Prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema by nifedipine. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1284–1289, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindslev L, Jolin A, Hedenstierna G, Baehrendtz S, Santesson J. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the human lung: effect of repeated hypoxic challenges during anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 621–625, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bonnet S, Archer S L, Haromy A, Hashimoto K, Bonnet S A, Michelakis E D. NFAT regulates Kv1.5, a voltage-gated K+ channel which is downregulated in both human and animal pulmonary hypertension. (abstract). Can J Cardiol 2005; 21: 57, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bonnet S, Michelakis E D, Porter C J, Andrade-Navarro M A, Thébaud B, Bonnet S N, Haromy A, Harry G, Moudgil R, McMurtry M S, Weir E, Archer S L. An abnormal mitochondrial-HIF-1-Kv channel pathway disrupts oxygen-sensing and triggers pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in fawn-hooded rats: similarities to human PAH. Circulation 2006; 113: 2630–2641, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortner C D, Cidlowski J A. Absence of volume regulatory mechanisms contributes to the rapid activation of apoptosis in thymocytes. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: C950–C961, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson A J, Bindslev L, Santesson J, Gottlieb I, Hedenstierna G. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the human lung: the effect of prolonged unilateral hypoxic challenge during anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1985; 29: 346–351, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Chandy K G, Gutman G A. Nomenclature for mammalian potassium channel genes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1993; 14: 434, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee S, Al-Mehdi A B, Levitan I, Stevens T, Fisher A B. Shear stress increases expression of a KATP channel in rat and bovine pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285: C959–C967, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Avdonin V, Ciorba M A, Heinemann S H, Hoshi T. Acceleration of P/C-type inactivation in voltage-gated K+ channels by methionine oxidation. Biophys J 2000; 78: 174–187, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santarelli L C, Wassef R, Heinemann S H, Hoshi T. Three methionine residues located within the regulator of conductance for K+ (RCK) domains confer oxidative sensitivity to large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. J Physiol 2006; 571: 329–348, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Ciorba M A, Heinemann S H, Weissbach H, Brot N, Hoshi T. Modulation of potassium channel function by methionine oxidation and reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 9932–9937, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conforti L, Bodi I, Nisbet J W, Millhorn D E. O2-sensitive K+ channels: role of the Kv1.2-subunit in mediating the hypoxic response. J Physiol 2000; 524: 783–793, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Coppock E A, Martens J R, Tamkun M M. Molecular basis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction: role of voltage-gated K+ channels. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281: L1–L12, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Coppock E A, Tamkun M M. Differential expression of Kv channel α- and β-subunits in the bovine pulmonary arterial circulation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281: L1350–L1360, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornfield D, Reeve H, Tolarova S, Weir E, Archer S. Oxygen causes fetal pulmonary vasodilation through activation of a calcium-dependent potassium channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 8989–8094, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Dascal N, Schreibmayer W, Lim N F, Wang W, Chavkin C, Di Magno L, Labarca C, Kieffer B L, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Trollinger D, et al. Atrial G protein-activated K+ channel: expression cloning and molecular properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 10235–10239, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies A R, Kozlowski R Z. Kv channel subunit expression in rat pulmonary arteries. Lung 2001; 179: 147–161, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Dorrington K L, Clar C, Young J D, Jonas M, Tansley J G, Robbins P A. Time course of the human pulmonary vascular response to 8 hours of isocapnic hypoxia. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: H1126–H1134, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Duprat F, Guillemare E, Romey G, Fink M, Lesage F, Lazdunski M, Honore E. Susceptibility of cloned K+ channels to reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 11796–11800, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duprat F, Lesage F, Fink M, Reyes R, Heurteaux C, Lazdunski M. TASK, a human background K+ channel to sense external pH variations near physiological pH. EMBO J 1997; 16: 5464–5471, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco-Obregon A, Lopez-Barneo J. Differential oxygen sensitivity of calcium channels in rabbit smooth muscle cells of conduit and resistance pulmonary arteries. J Physiol 1996; 491.2: 511–518, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Fried R, Meyrick B, Rabinovitch M, Reid L. Polycythemia and the acute hypoxic response in awake rats following chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 1983; 55: 1167–1172, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Gardener M J, Johnson I T, Burnham M P, Edwards G, Heagerty A M, Weston A H. Functional evidence of a role for two–pore domain potassium channels in rat mesenteric and pulmonary arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142: 192–202, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goirand F, Bardou M, Guerard P, Dumas J P, Rochette L, Dumas M. ETA, mixed ETA/ETB receptor antagonists, and protein kinase C inhibitor prevent acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: influence of potassium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41: 117–125, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein S A, Bayliss D A, Kim D, Lesage F, Plant L D, Rajan S. International Union of Pharmacology, LV: nomenclature and molecular relationships of two-P potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57: 527–540, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grissmer S, Nguyen A N, Aiyar J, Hanson D C, Mather R J, Gutman G A, Karmilowicz M J, Auperin D D, Chandy K G. Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 45: 1227–1234, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groves B M, Droma T, Sutton J R, McCullough R G, McCullough R E, Zhuang J, Rapmund G, Sun S, Janes C, Moore L G. Minimal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in normal Tibetians at 3,658 m. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 312–318, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gulbis J M, Mann S, MacKinnon R. Structure of a voltage–dependent K+ channel beta subunit. Cell 1999; 97: 943–952, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurney A M, Osipenko O N, MacMillan D, McFarlane K M, Tate R J, Kempsill F E. Two-pore domain K channel, TASK-1, in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2003; 93: 957–964, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman G A, Chandy K G, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo L A, Robertson G A, Rudy B, Sanguinetti M C, Stuhmer W, Wang X. International Union of Pharmacology, LIII: nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57: 473–508, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall S M, Hislop A A, Pierce C M, Haworth S G. Prenatal origins of human intrapulmonary arteries: formation and smooth muscle maturation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 23: 194–203, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasunuma K, Rodman D M, McMurtry I F. Effects of K+ channel blockers on vascular tone in the perfused rat lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 884–887, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Heginbotham L, Lu Z, Abramson T, MacKinnon R. Mutations in the K+ channel signature sequence. Biophys J 1994; 66: 1061–1067, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemann S, Rettig J, Scott V, Parcej D N, Lorra C, Dolly J, Pongs O. The inactivation behaviour of voltage-gated K-channels may be determined by association of alpha- and beta-subunits. J Physiol Paris 1994; 88: 173–180, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hodgkin A L, Huxley A F. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. Bull Math Biol 1990; 52: 25–71, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg D S, Davies A R, McMurray G, Kozlowski R Z. Kv2.1 channels mediate hypoxic inhibition of IKv in native pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of the rat. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 55: 349–360, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hogg D S, McMurray G, Kozlowski R Z. Endothelial cells freshly isolated from small pulmonary arteries of the rat possess multiple distinct K+ current profiles. Lung 2002; 180: 203–214, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Z, Smith A J, Archer S L, Wu X C, Nelson D P, Peterson D, Johnson G, Weir E K. Pergolide is an inhibitor of voltage-gated potassium channels, including Kv1.5, and causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. Circulation 2005; 112: 1494–1499, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Z, Weir E K, Nelson D P, Olschewski A. Subacute hypoxia decreases voltage-activated potassium channel expression and function in pulmonary artery myocytes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 31: 337–343, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hulme J T, Coppock E A, Felipe A, Martens J R, Tamkun M M. Oxygen sensitivity of cloned voltage-gated K+ channels expressed in the pulmonary vasculature. Circ Res 1999; 85: 489–497, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imbrici P, Tucker S J, D'Adamo M C, Pessia M. Role of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (RPTPalpha) and tyrosine phosphorylation in the serotonergic inhibition of voltage-dependent potassium channels. Pflugers Arch 2000; 441: 257–262, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Jackson W F. Ion channels and vascular tone. Hypertension 2000; 35: 173–178, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones R D, Thompson J S, Morice A H. The NADPH oxidase inhibitors iodonium diphenyl and cadmium sulphate inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arteries. Physiol Res 2000; 49: 587–596, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kato M, Staub N. Response of small pulmonary arteries to unilobar alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia. Circ Res 1966; 19: 426–440, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo Y, Adelman J P, Clapham D E, Jan L Y, Karschin A, Kurachi Y, Lazdunski M, Nichols C G, Seino S, Vandenberg C A. International Union of Pharmacology, LIV: nomenclature and molecular relationships of inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57: 509–526, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuijpers M HM, van Zutphen B FM, de Jong W. The fawn–hooded rat. Hypertension 1987; 9: I-34–I-36, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lee S Y, Lee A, Chen J, MacKinnon R. Structure of the KvAP voltage-dependent K+ channel and its dependence on the lipid membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 15441–15446, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Levitan E S, Gealy R, Trimmer J S, Takimoto K. Membrane depolarization inhibits Kv1.5 voltage-gated K+ channel gene transcription and protein expression in pituitary cells. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 6036–6041, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Levitan E S, Takimoto K. Dynamic regulation of K+ channel gene expression in differentiated cells. J Neurobiol 1998; 37: 60–68, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Liu J Q, Sham J S, Shimoda L A, Kuppusamy P, Sylvester J T. Hypoxic constriction and reactive oxygen species in porcine distal pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285: L322–L333, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lockhart A, Zelter M, Mensch-Dechene J, Antezana G, Paz-Zamora M, Vargas E, Coudert J. Pressure–flow–volume relationships in pulmonary circulation of normal highlanders. J Appl Physiol 1976; 41: 449–456, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Long S B, Campbell E B, Mackinnon R. Crystal structure of a mammalian voltage-dependent Shaker family K+ channel. Science 2005; 309: 897–903, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Barneo J, Pardal R, Ortega-Saenz P. Cellular mechanism of oxygen sensing. Annu Rev Physiol 2001; 63: 259–287, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden J, Dawson C, Harder D. Hypoxia-induced activation in small isolated pulmonary arteries from the cat. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59: 113–118, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandegar M, Fung Y C, Huang W, Remillard C V, Rubin L J, Yuan J X. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling: role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Microvasc Res 2004; 68: 75–103, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCartney C E, McClafferty H, Huibant J M, Rowan E G, Shipston M J, Rowe I C. A cysteine-rich motif confers hypoxia sensitivity to mammalian large conductance voltage- and Ca-activated K (BK) channel alpha-subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 17870–17876, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• McCormack T, McCormack K. Shaker K+ channel B subunits belong to an NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily. Cell 1994; 79: 1133–1135, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurtry I F, Davidson A B, Reeves J T, Grover R F. Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by calcium antagonists in isolated rat lungs. Circ Res 1976; 38: 99–104, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurtry I F, Petrun M D, Reeves J T. Lungs from chronically hypoxic rats have decreased pressor response to acute hypoxia. Am J Physiol 1978; 235: H104–H109, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurtry M S, Archer S L, Altieri D C, Bonnet S, Haromy A, Harry G, Bonnet S, Puttagunta L, Michelakis E D. Gene therapy targeting survivin selectively induces pulmonary vascular apoptosis and reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 1479–1491, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelakis E D, Hampl V, Nsair A, Wu X, Harry G, Haromy A, Gurtu R, Archer S L. Diversity in mitochondrial function explains differences in vascular oxygen sensing. Circ Res 2002; 90: 1307–1315, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Michelakis E D, McMurtry M S, Wu X C, Dyck J R, Moudgil R, Hopkins T A, Lopaschuk G D, Puttagunta L, Waite R, Archer S L. Dichloroacetate, a metabolic modulator, prevents and reverses chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats: role of increased expression and activity of voltage-gated potassium channels. Circulation 2002; 105: 244–250, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelakis E D, Weir E K, Wu X, Nsair A, Waite R, Hashimoto K, Puttagunta L, Knaus H G, Archer S L. Potassium channels regulate tone in rat pulmonary veins. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280: L1138–L1147, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Miguel-Velado E, Moreno-Dominguez A, Colinas O, Cidad P, Heras M, Perez-Garcia M T, Lopez-Lopez J R. Contribution of Kv channels to phenotypic remodeling of human uterine artery smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2005; 97: 1280–1287, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohazzab-H K, Fayngersh R, Kaminski P. Potential role of NADPH oxidoreductase-derived reactive O2 species in calf pulmonary arterial PO2-elicited responses. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: L637–L644, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Mohazzab-H K, Wolin M. Properties of a superoxide anion-generating microsomal NADH oxidoreductase, a potential pulmonary artery PO2 sensor. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: L823–L831, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Naeije R. Pulmonary circulation at high altitude. Respiration 1997; 64: 429–434, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Naeije R, Hallemans R, Melot C, Boeynaems J M, Mols P, Lejeune P, Rie M A. Eicosanoids and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in normal man. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1987; 23: 613–617, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Nagendran J, Stewart T K, Hoskinson M, Archer S. An anesthesiologist's guide to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: implications for managing single–lung anesthesia and atelectasis. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006; 19: 34–43, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro-Antolin J, Levitsky K L, Calderon E, Ordonez A, Lopez–Barneo J. Decreased expression of maxi-K+ channel β1-subunit and altered vasoregulation in hypoxia. Circulation 2005; 112: 1309–1315, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Olschewski A, Li Y, Tang B, Hanze J, Eul B, Bohle R M, Wilhelm J, Morty R E, Brau M E, Weir E K, Kwapiszewska G, Klepetko W, Seeger W, Olschewski H. Impact of TASK-1 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2006; 98: 1072–1080, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osipenko O N, Tate R J, Gurney A M. Potential role for Kv3.1b channels as oxygen sensors. Circ Res 2000; 86: 534–540, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Paky A, Michael J, Burke-Wolin T, Wolin M. Endogenous production of superoxide by rabbit lungs: effects of hypoxia or metabolic inhibitors. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 2868–2874, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A J, Lazdunski M, Honore E. Kv2.1/Kv9.3, a novel ATP-dependent delayed-rectifier K+ channel in oxygen-sensitive pulmonary artery myocytes. EMBO J 1997; 16: 6615–6625, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perchenet L, Hilfiger L, Mizrahi J, Clement-Chomienne O. Effects of anorexinogen agents on cloned voltage-gated K+ channel hKv1.5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298: 1108–1119, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Garcia M T, Lopez-Lopez J R, Gonzalez C. Kvbeta1.2 subunit coexpression in HEK293 cells confers O2 sensitivity to Kv4.2 but not to Shaker channels. J Gen Physiol 1999; 113: 897–907, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platoshyn O, Remillard C V, Fantozzi I, Mandegar M, Sison T T, Zhang S, Burg E, Yuan J X. Diversity of voltage-dependent K+ channels in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 287: L226–L238, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Platoshyn O, Yu Y, Golovina V A, McDaniel S S, Krick S, Li L, Wang J Y, Rubin L J, Yuan J X. Chronic hypoxia decreases Kv channel expression and function in pulmonary artery myocytes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280: L801–L812, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Platoshyn O, Zhang S, McDaniel S S, Yuan J X. Cytochrome c activates K+ channels before inducing apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 283: C1298–C1305, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pongs O, Kecskemethy N, Muller R, Krah–Jentgens I, Baumann A, Kiltz H H, Canal I, Llamazares S, Ferrus A. Shaker encodes a family of putative potassium channel proteins in the nervous system of Drosophila. EMBO J 1988; 7: 1087–1096, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post J, Hume J, Archer S, Weir E. Direct role for potassium channel inhibition in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: C882–C890, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post J M, Gelband C H, Hume J R. [Ca2+]i inhibition of K+ channels in canine pulmonary artery: novel mechanism for hypoxia–induced membrane depolarization. Circ Res 1995; 77: 131–139, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pozeg Z I, Michelakis E D, McMurtry M S, Thebaud B, Wu X C, Dyck J R, Hashimoto K, Wang S, Moudgil R, Harry G, Sultanian R, Koshal A, Archer S L. In vivo gene transfer of the O2-sensitive potassium channel Kv1.5 reduces pulmonary hypertension and restores hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in chronically hypoxic rats. Circulation 2003; 107: 2037–2044, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao A, Luo C, Hogan P G. Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function. Annu Rev Immunol 1997; 15: 707–747, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeve H L, Michelakis E, Nelson D P, Weir E K, Archer S L. Alterations in a redox oxygen sensing mechanism in chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 2001; 90: 2249–2256, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeve H L, Nelson D P, Archer S L, Weir E K. Effects of fluoxetine, phentermine, and venlafaxine on pulmonary arterial pressure and electrophysiology. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: L213–L219, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reeve H L, Weir E K, Nelson D P, Peterson D A, Archer S L. Opposing effects of oxidants and antioxidants on K+ channel activity and tone in vascular tissue. Exp Physiol 1995; 80: 825–834, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remillard C V, Yuan J X. Activation of K+ channels: an essential pathway in programmed cell death. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004; 286: L49–L67, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rettig J, Helnemann S, Wunder F, Lorra C, Parcej D, Dolly J, Pongs O. Inactivation properties of voltage-gated K+ channels altered by presence of b-subunit. Nature 1994; 369: 289–294, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson T P, Ward J P, Aaronson P I. Hypoxia induces the release of a pulmonary-selective, Ca2+-sensitising, vasoconstrictor from the perfused rat lung. Cardiovasc Res 2001; 50: 145–150, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Ruppersberg J P, Stocker M, Pongs O, Heinemann S H, Frank R, Koenen M. Regulation of fast inactivation of cloned mammalian IK(A) channels by cysteine oxidation. Nature 1991; 352: 711–714, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell S N, Overturf K E, Horowitz B. Heterotetramer formation and charybdotoxin sensitivity of two K+ channels cloned from smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: C1729–C1733, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Salinas M, Duprat F, Heurteaux C, Hugnot J P, Lazdunski M. New modulatory alpha subunits for mammalian Shab K+ channels. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 24371–24379, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salkoff L, Jegla T. Surfing the DNA databases for K+ channels nets yet more diversity. Neuron 1995; 15: 489–492, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Sato K, Webb S, Tucker A, Rabinovitch M, O'Brien R, McMurtry I, Stelzner T. Factors influencing the idiopathic development of pulmonary hypertension in the fawn hooded rat. Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 793–797, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoene R B. Lung disease at high altitude. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 474: 47–56, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shi G, Nakahira K, Hammond S, Rhodes K J, Schechter L E, Trimmer J S. Beta subunits promote K+ channel surface expression through effects early in biosynthesis. Neuron 1996; 16: 843–852, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimoda L A, Manalo D J, Sham J S, Semenza G L, Sylvester J T. Partial HIF-1alpha deficiency impairs pulmonary arterial myocyte electrophysiological responses to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281: L202–L208, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimoda L A, Sylvester J T, Sham J S. Inhibition of voltage-gated K+ current in rat intrapulmonary arterial myocytes by endothelin-1. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: L842–L853, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimoda L A, Welsh L E, Pearse D B. Inhibition of inwardly rectifying K+ channels by cGMP in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 283: L297–L304, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirai M, Sada K, Ninomiya I. Effects of regional alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia on small pulmonary vessels in cats. J Appl Physiol 1986; 61: 440–448, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smirnov S V, Beck R, Tammaro P, Ishii T, Aaronson P I. Electrophysiologically distinct smooth muscle cell subtypes in rat conduit and resistance pulmonary arteries. J Physiol 2002; 538: 867–878, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smirnov S V, Robertson T P, Ward J P, Aaronson P I. Chronic hypoxia is associated with reduced delayed rectifier K+ current in rat pulmonary artery muscle cells. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H365–H370, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava D, Olson E N. A genetic blueprint for cardiac development. Nature 2000; 407: 221–226, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Standen N B, Quayle J M. K+ channel modulation in arterial smooth muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 1998; 164: 549–557, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strong M, Chandy K G, Gutman G A. Molecular evolution of voltage-sensitive ion channel genes: on the origins of electrical excitability. Mol Biol Evol 1993; 10: 221–242, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuhmer W, Stocker M, Sakmann B, Seeburg P, Baumann A, Grupe A, Pongs O. Potassium channels expressed from rat brain cDNA have delayed rectifier properties. FEBS Lett 1988; 242: 199–206, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo I, Nilius B, Zhang X, Busch A E, Gulbins E, Suessbrich H, Lang F. Inhibitory effects of oxidants on n-type K+ channels in T lymphocytes and Xenopus oocytes. Pflugers Arch 1997; 433: 626–632, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Taglialatela M, Castaldo P, Iossa S, Pannaccione A, Fresi A, Ficker E, Annunziato L. Regulation of the human ether-a-gogo related gene (HERG) K+ channels by reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 11698–11703, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolins M, Weir E, Chesler E, Nelson D, From A. Pulmonary vascular tone is increased by a voltage-dependent calcium channel potentiator. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 942–948, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Vega-Saenz d e, Miera E, Rudy B. Modulation of K+ channels by hydrogen peroxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 186: 1681–1687, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Wang J, Juhaszova M, Rubin L J, Yuan X J. Hypoxia inhibits gene expression of voltage–gated K+ channel alpha subunits in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 2347–2353, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Wang J, Weigand L, Wang W, Sylvester J T, Shimoda L A. Chronic hypoxia inhibits Kv channel gene expression in rat distal pulmonary artery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 288: L1049–L1058, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Waypa G B, Chandel N S, Schumacker P T. Model for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction involving mitochondrial oxygen sensing. Circ Res 2001; 88: 1259–1266, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei A D, Gutman G A, Aldrich R, Chandy K G, Grissmer S, Wulff H. International Union of Pharmacology, LII: nomenclature and molecular relationships of calcium–activated potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57: 463–472, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir E K, Lopez-Barneo J, Buckler K J, Archer S L. Acute oxygen-sensing mechanisms. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2042–2055, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir E K, Reeve H L, Huang J M, Michelakis E, Nelson D P, Hampl V, Archer S L. Anorexic agents aminorex, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine inhibit potassium current in rat pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and cause pulmonary vasoconstriction. Circulation 1996; 94: 2216–2220, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir E K, Reeve H L, Johnson G, Michelakis E D, Nelson D P, Archer S L. A role for potassium channels in smooth muscle cells and platelets in the etiology of primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1998; 114: 200–204, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Weissmann N, Tadic A, Hanze J, Rose F, Winterhalder S, Nollen M, Schermuly R T, Ghofrani H A, Seeger W, Grimminger F. Hypoxic vasoconstriction in intact lungs: a role for NADPH oxidase-derived H2O2?. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000; 279: L683–L690, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Yu Y, Platoshyn O, Zhang J, Krick S, Zhao Y, Rubin L J, Rothman A, Yuan J X. c-Jun decreases voltage-gated K+. channel activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Circulation 2001; 104: 1557–1563, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Yuan X-J. Voltage gated K+ currents regulate resting membrane potential and [Ca2+]i in pulmonary artery myocytes. Circ Res 1995; 77: 370–378, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X-J, Goldman W, Tod M, Rubin L, Blaustein M. Hypoxia reduces potassium currents in cultured rat pulmonary but not mesenteric arterial myocytes. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: L116–L123, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X J. Role of calcium-activated chloride current in regulating pulmonary vasomotor tone. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: L959–L968, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X J. Voltage-gated K+ currents regulate resting membrane potential and [Ca2+]i in pulmonary arterial myocytes. Circ Res 1995; 77: 370–378, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X J, Goldman W F, Tod M L, Rubin L J, Blaustein M P. Hypoxia reduces potassium currents in cultured rat pulmonary but not mesenteric arterial myocytes. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: L116–L123, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X J, Wang J, Juhaszova M, Gaine S P, Rubin L J. Attenuated K+ channel gene transcription in primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 1998; 351: 726–727, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X J, Wang J, Juhaszova M, Golovina V A, Rubin L J. Molecular basis and function of voltage-gated K+ channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: L621–L635, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang H, Li P, Almassi G H, Nicolosi A, Olinger G N, Rusch N J. Single-channel and functional characteristics of a KCa channel in vascular muscle membranes of human saphenous veins. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 28: 611–617, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Zhou M, MacKinnon R. A mutant KcsA K+ channel with altered conduction properties and selectivity filter ion distribution. J Mol Biol 2004; 338: 839–846, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Morais-Cabral J H, Kaufman A, MacKinnon R. Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K+ channel–Fab complex at 2.0 Å resolution. Nature 2001; 414: 43–48, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu W H, Conforti L, Czyzyk–Krzeska M F, Millhorn D E. Membrane depolarization in PC-12 cells during hypoxia is regulated by an O2-sensitive K+ current. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: C658–C665, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zielinski J. Long-term oxygen therapy in conditions other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care 2000; 45: 172–176, discussion 176–177[INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar