435
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Geography of Drug Activity and Violence: Analyzing Spatial Relationships of Non-Homogenous Crime Event Types

Pages 179-201 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Anderson E. Streetwise: Race, class and change in an urban community. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990
  • Anselin L., Cohen J., Cook J., Gorr W., Tita G. Spatial analyses of crime. Measurement and analysis of crime and justice 2000, D. Duffee. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC 2000; Vol. 4: 213–262
  • Bailey T., Gatrell A. Interactive spatial data analysis. Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow, England 1995
  • Barker M., Geraghty J., Webb B. The prevention of street robbery. UK Home Office, London 1993, (Crime Prevention Unit Series Paper 44)
  • Baumer E. Poverty, crack and crime: A cross-city analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 1994; 31: 311–327
  • Baumer E., Lauritsen J., Rosenfeld R., Wright R. The influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: A cross-city longitudinal analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 1998; 35: 316–340
  • Berhie G., Hailu A. A study of knowledge and attitudes of public housing residents toward community policing in the City of Charleston. Office of Research and Economic Development, West Virginia Statistical Analysis Center, Huntington, WV 2000
  • Blumstein A. Youth violence, guns and the illicit-drug industry. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1995; 86(1)10–36
  • Blumstein A. Disaggregating the violence trends. The crime drop in America, A. Blumstein, J. Wallman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2000
  • Blumstein A., Cohen J., Cork D., Engberg J., Tita G. Diffusion processes in homicide. U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC 1999
  • The crime drop in America, A. Blumstein, J. Wallman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2000
  • Boots B., Getis A. Point pattern analysis. Scientific Geography Series 8, Sage, Newbury Park, CA 1988
  • Braga A. The effects of hot spots policing on crime. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2001; 578: 104–125
  • Braga A., Weisburd D., Waring E., Green-Mazerdle L., Gajewbski F. Proldem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment. Criminology. 1999; 37: 541–580
  • Brantingham P., Brantingham P. Environment, routine and situation: Toward a pattern theory of crime. Routine activity and rational choice. Advances in criminological theory (Vol. 5), R. Clarke, M. Felson. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ 1993; 239–294
  • Chaiken J., Chaiken M. Drugs and predatory crime. Crime and Justice: A review of research: Drug and Crime, M. Tonry, J. Q. Wilson. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 1990; Vol 13: 203–239
  • Chaiken M. Crime rates and substance abuse among types of offenders. Crime rates among drug-abusing offenders. Final report to the National Institute of Justice, B. Johnson, E. Wish. Narcotic and Drug Research, Inc, New York 1986
  • Cohen L., Felson M. Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review 1979; 44: 588–608
  • Cork D. Examining space-time interactions in city-level homicide data: Crack markets and the diffusion of guns among youth. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1999; 15(4)379–406
  • Cuzick J., Edwards R. Spatial clustering for inhomogenous populations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 1990; 52(1)73–104
  • Decker S. The evolution of crime statistics as a police problem. Journal of Police Science and Administration 1978; 6(1)67–73
  • Diggle P. J., Chetwynd A. G. Second-order analysis of spatial clustering for inhomogenous populations. Biometrics 1991; 47: 1155–1163
  • Drug Enforcement Administration. Speaking out against drug legalization. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC 2002
  • Eck J. Preventing crime at places. Preventing crime: What works, what doesn't, what's promising, L. Sherman, D. Gottfredson, D. MacKenzie, J. Eck, P. Reuter, S. Bushway. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC 1997; 7.1–7.75
  • Crime and place: Crime prevention studies (Vol. 4), J. Eck, D. Weisburd. Willow Tree Press, Monsey, NY 1995
  • Farabee D., Joshi V., Anglin D. Addiction careers and criminal specialization. Crime and Delinquency 2001; 47(2)196–220
  • Fotheringham A. S., Brunsdon C., Charlton M. Quantitative geography: Perspectives on spatial data analysis. Sage, London 2000
  • Gainey R., Payne B. Drugs and violence in neighborhoods: Causal relationship or common causes?. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology, Denver, CO, November, 2003
  • Goldstein P. The drugs/violence nexus: A tripartite conceptual framework. Journal of Drug Issues 1985; 15: 493–506
  • Goldstein P. Drugs, violence, and federal funding: A research odyssey. Substance Use & Misuse 1998; 33(9)1915–1936
  • Graham P., Clarke J. Dangerous places: Crime and city. The problem of crime, J. Muncie, E. McLaughlin. Sage, London 1996
  • Harries K. Demonstration of orthophotographic representation and analysis. Final research report. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC 2001
  • Harrison L., Backenheimer M. Research careers in unraveling the drug-crime nexus in the United States. Substance Use & Misuse 1998; 33(9)1763–2003
  • Inciardi J. The crack-violence connection within a population of hard core adolescent offenders. Drugs and violence: Causes, correlates, and consequences, M. De La Rosa, E. Lambert, B. Gropper. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1990; 92–111
  • Johnson B., Golub A., Dunlap E. The rise and decline of hard drugs, drug markets and violence in inner-city New York. The crime drop in America, A. Blumstein, J. Wallman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2000; 164–206
  • Kennedy L., Forde D. Routine activities and crime. Criminology 1990; 28: 137–151
  • Klinger D., Bridges G. Measurement error in calls-for service as an indicator of crime. Criminology 1997; 35(4)705–726
  • Los Angeles Police Department. July 14, 2001, http://www.lapd.org/online.org/july_2001/news_news/22900 LAPD and DEA to reveal results of joint operations. Retrieved on March 1, 2003 from
  • Lum C. The spatial relationship between street level drug activity and violence. University of Maryland, College Park 2003, Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  • Lum C. Drugs, violence and the stigma of “bad areas.”. George Mason University, Manassas, VA 2006, Unpublished manuscript
  • MacCoun R., Kilmer B., Reuter P. Research on drug-crime linkages: The next generation. Toward a drugs and crime research agenda for the 21st century. Drugs and Crime Research Forum, Washington, DC 2002; 65–96, In National Institute of Justice (Ed.)
  • Mencken F. C., Barnett C. Murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and spatial autocorrelation in mid-south counties. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1999; 15(4)407–422
  • Messner S., Anselin L., Baller R., Hawkins D., Deane G., Tolnay S. The spatial patterning of county homicide rates: An application of exploratory spatial data analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1999; 15(4)423–450
  • Miczek K., DeBold J. F., Haney M., Tidey J., Vivian J., Weerts E. Alcohol, drugs of abuse, aggression and violence. Understanding and preventing violence 3, A. Reiss, J. Roth. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1994
  • Miethe T., Stafford M., Long J. S. Routine activities/lifestyle and victimization. American Sociological Review 1987; 52: 184–194
  • Miethe T., Stafford M., Sloane D. Lifestyle changes and risks of criminal victimization. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1990; 6(4)357–376
  • New York City Police Department. New York City Police Department press release. December 19, 2002, http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/dcpi/pr-2002-152.html No. 2002-152. Retrieved on March 1, 2003 from
  • Osgood D. W., Wilson J., O'Malley P., Bachman J., Johnston L. Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review 1996; 61: 635–655
  • Ousey G., Lee M. Examining the conditional nature of the illicit drug market-homicide relationship: A partial test of the theory of contingent causation. Criminology 2002; 40(1)73–102
  • Parker R., Auerhahn K. Alcohol, drugs, and violence. Annual Review of Sociology 1998; 24: 291–311
  • Rand A. Mobility triangles. Metropolitan crime patterns, R. Figlio, S. Hakim, G. Rengert. Willow Tree Press, Monsey, NY 1986; 117–126
  • Ratcliffe J. The hotspot matrix: A framework for the spatio-temporal targeting of crime reduction. Police Practice and Research 2004; 5(1)5–23
  • Ratcliffe J. Detecting spatial movement of intra-region crime patterns over time. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 2005; 21(1)103–123
  • Rengert G., Pelfrey W., Jr. Cognitive mapping of the city center: Comparative perceptions of dangerous places. Crime mapping and crime prevention, D. Weisburd, T. McEwen. Criminal Justice Press/Willow Tree Press, Monsey, NY 1997; 193–218
  • Resignato A. Violent crime: A function of drug use or drug enforcement?. Applied Economics 2000; 32: 681–688
  • Roncek D. Dangerous places: Crime and residential environment. Social Forces 1981; 60(1)74–96
  • Sampson R., Lauritsen J. Deviant lifestyles, proximity of crime and the offender-victim link in personal violence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 1990; 27: 110–139
  • Sherman L. Hot spots of crime and criminal careers of places. Crime and place: Crime prevention studies (Vol. 4), J. Eck, D. Weisburd. Willow Tree Press, Monsey, NY 1995; 35–52
  • Sherman L., Gartin P., Buerger M. Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 1989; 27(1)27–55
  • Sherman L., Rogan D. Deterrent effects of police raids on crack houses: A randomized controlled experiment. Justice Quarterly 1995; 12(4)755–781
  • Sherman L., Weisburd D. General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime “hot spots”: A randomized controlled trial. Justice Quarterly 1995; 12(4)625–648
  • Steffensmeier D., Harer M. Making sense of recent U.S. crime trends, 1980 to 1996/1998: Age composition effects and other explanations. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 1999; 36(3)235–274
  • Tita G., Griffiths E. Traveling to violence: The case for a mobility-based spatial typology of homicide. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2005; 42: 275–308
  • Tonry M., Wilson J. Q. Drugs and crime. Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 13). University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990
  • Upton G., Fingleton B. Spatial data analysis by example. Vol. I: Point pattern and quantitative data. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK 1985
  • Waller L., Gotway C. Applied statistics for public health data. John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004
  • Walsh W., Vito G., Tewksbury R., Wilson G. Fighting back in Bright Leaf: Community policing and drug trafficking in public housing. American Journal of Criminal Justice 2000; 25(1)77–92
  • Weisburd D. Reorienting crime prevention research and policy: From the causes of crime to the context of crime. National Institute of Justice Research report. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1997
  • Weisburd D., Green Mazerolle L. Crime and disorder in drug hot spots: Implications for theory and practice in policing. Police Quarterly 2000; 3(3)331–349
  • White H., Gorman D. M. Dynamics of the drug-crime relationship. Criminal Justice 2000 2000; 1: 151–218
  • Wilson W. J. When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. Alfred Knopf, New York 1997
  • Wittebrood K., Nieuwbeerta P. Criminal victimization during one's life course: The effects of previous victimization and patterns of routine activities. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2000; 37(1)91–122

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.