2,425
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Biased labels: An experimental study of language and stigma among individuals in recovery and health professionals

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &

References

  • American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2014). The standard of care for the addiction specialist physician. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine.
  • Ashford, R. D., Brown, A., Brown, T., Callis, J., Cleveland, H. H., Eisenhart, E., … Whitney, J. (2018a). Defining and operationalizing the phenomena of recovery: A working definition from the recovery science research collaborative. Addiction Research and Theory, 1–10. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2018.1515352
  • Ashford, R. D., Brown, A. M., & Curtis, B. (2018b). "Abusing addiction": Our language still isn't good enough. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 1–16. doi: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1513777
  • Ashford, R. D., Brown, A. M., & Curtis, B. (2018c). Substance use, recovery, and linguistics: The impact of word choice on explicit and implicit bias. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 189, 131–138. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.005
  • Ashford, R. D., Brown, A. M., & Curtis, B. (2018d). The language of substance use and recovery: Novel use of the Go/No-Go Association Task to measure implicit bias. Health Communication, 1–7. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1481709
  • Barry, C. L., McGinty, E. E., Pescosolido, B. A., & Goldman, H. H. (2014). Stigma, discrimination, treatment effectiveness, and policy: Public views about drug addiction and mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 65(10), 1269–1272. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400140
  • Clement, S., Lassman, F., Barley, E., Evans-Lacko, S., Williams, P., Yamaguchi, S., … Thornicroft, G. (2013). Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7
  • Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., … Thornicroft, G. (2015). What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychological Medicine, 45(01), 11–27. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714000129
  • Copes, H., Hochstetler, A., & Williams, J. P. (2008). “We weren't like no regular dope fiends”: Negotiating hustler and crackhead identities. Social Problems, 55(2), 254–270. doi: 10.1525/sp.2008.55.2.254
  • Dumesnil, H., & Verger, P. (2009). Public awareness campaigns about depression and suicide: A review. Psychiatric Services, 60(9), 1203–1213. doi: 10.1176/ps.2009.60.9.1203
  • Ferrari, J. R., Groh, D. R., Rulka, G., Jason, L. A., & Davis, M. I. (2008). Coming to terms with reality: Predictors of self-deception within substance abuse recovery. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 7, 210–218. doi: 10.1097/ADT.0b013e31815c2ded
  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Oxford, UK: John Wiley.
  • Greenwald, A. G., & Krieger, L. H. (2006). Implicit bias: Scientific foundations. California Law Review, 94(4), 945–967. doi: 10.2307/20439056
  • Goddu, A. P., O’Conor, K. J., Lanzkron, S., Saheed, M. O., Saha, S., Peek, M. E., … Beach, M. C. (2018). Do words matter? Stigmatizing language and the transmission of bias in the medical record. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33(5), 685–691. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4289-2
  • Hirschfield, P. J., & Piquero, A. R. (2010). Normalization and legitimation: Modeling stigmatizing attitudes toward ex‐offenders. Criminology, 48(1), 27–55. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00179.x
  • Hughes, K. (2007). Migrating identities: The relational constitution of drug use and addiction. Sociology of Health & Illness, 29, 673–691. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01018.x
  • Kelly, J. F., Bergman, B., Hoeppner, B. B., Vilsaint, C., & White, W. L. (2017). Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 181, 162–169. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028
  • Kelly, J. F., Dow, S. J., & Westerhoff, C. (2010). Does our choice of substance-related terms influence perceptions of treatment need? An empirical investigation with two commonly used terms. Journal of Drug Issues, 40(4), 805–818. doi: 10.1177/002204261004000403
  • Kelly, J. F., & Westerhoff, C. M. (2010). Does it matter how we refer to individuals with substance-related conditions? A randomized study of two commonly used terms. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21(3), 202–207. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.10.010
  • Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363–385. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
  • Livingston, J. D., Milne, T., Fang, M. L., & Amari, E. (2012). The effectiveness of interventions for reducing stigma related to substance use disorders: A systematic review. Addiction, 107(1), 39–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03601.x
  • Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., & Rye, A. K. (2008). Reducing self-stigma in substance abuse through acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, manual development, and pilot outcomes. Addiction Research & Theory, 16(2), 149–165. doi: 10.1080/16066350701850295
  • Luoma, J. B., Kulesza, M., Hayes, S. C., Kohlenberg, B., & Larimer, M. (2014). Stigma predicts residential treatment length for substance use disorder. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 40(3), 206–212. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.901337
  • Luty, J., Rao, H., Arokiadass, S. M. R., Easow, J. M., & Sarkhel, A. (2008). The repentant sinner: Methods to reduce stigmatised attitudes towards mental illness. Psychiatric Bulletin, 32(9), 327–332. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.107.018457
  • McGinty, E. E., Goldman, H. H., Pescosolido, B., & Barry, C. L. (2015). Portraying mental illness and drug addiction as treatable health conditions: Effects of a randomized experiment on stigma and discrimination. Social Science & Medicine, 126, 73–85. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.010
  • McIntosh, J., & McKeganey, N. (2001). Identity and recovery from dependent drug use: The addict’s perspective. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy, 8(1), 47–59. doi: 10.1080/09687630124064
  • Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). The go/no-go association task. Social Cognition, 19(6), 625–664. doi: 10.1521/soco.19.6.625.20886
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2018). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 18-5068, NSDUH Series H-53). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/
  • Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1982). Commitment, identity salience, and role behavior: Theory and research example. In W. Ickes & E. S. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, roles, and social behavior (pp. 199–218). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Tkach, M. J. (2018). A Psychosocial Linguistic Exploration of the Use of Alcoholic as a Social Label of Self-identity in AA and 12-Step Programs. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 36(1), 101–114. doi: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1355221
  • van Boekel, L. C., Brouwers, E. P., van Weeghel, J., & Garretsen, H. F. (2013). Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: Systematic review. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 131(1), 23–35. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018
  • White, W., & Kurtz, E. (2005). The varieties of recovery experience: A primer for addiction treatment professionals and recovery advocates. International Journal of Self Help and Self Care, 3(1-2), 21–61. doi: 10.2190/911R-MTQ5-VJ1H-75CU
  • White, W. L., Malinowski Weingartner, R., Levine, M., Evans, A. C., & Lamb, R. (2013). Recovery prevalence and health profile of people in recovery: Results of a southeastern Pennsylvania survey on the resolution of alcohol and other drug problems. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(4), 287–296. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2013.825031
  • World Health Organization. (2013). Transforming and scaling up health professionals’ education and training: World Health Organization guidelines 2013. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK298953/

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.