Cigarettes vs. E-Cigarettes: Policy Implications from a Focus Group Study

References

• Abrams, D. B., Glasser, A. M., Pearson, J. L., Villanti, A. C., Collins, L. K., & Niaura, R. S. (2018). Harm minimization and tobacco control: Reframing societal views of nicotine use to rapidly save lives. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 193–213. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013849
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. (2019). Smokefree and tobacco-free U.S. and Tribal Colleges and Universities. Retrieved from https://no-smoke.org/at-risk-places/colleges/
   Google Scholar
• Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Berhane, K., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T. B., Urman, R., Chou, C. P., … McConnell, R. (2016). The E-cigarette social environment, E-cigarette use, and susceptibility to cigarette smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(1), 75–80. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Urman, R., Berhane, K., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T. B., Pentz, M. A., … McConnell, R. (2016). E-cigarettes and future cigarette use. Pediatrics, 138(1). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, G. A. (2008). Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: A research note. Qualitative Research, 8(1), 137–152. doi:10.1177/1468794107085301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Braverman, M. T., Hoogesteger, L. A., Johnson, J. A., & Aarø, L. E. (2017). Supportive of a smoke-free campus but opposed to a 100% tobacco-free campus: Identification of predictors among university students, faculty, and staff. Preventive Medicine, 94, 20–26. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs—2014 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health Ed.). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Cheney, M. K., Gowin, M., & Clawson, A. H. (2018). Using the ecological model to understand influences on college student vaping. Journal of American College Health, 66(7), 597–607. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1440578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney, M. K., Maness, S., Huber, J. K., Burt, T., Eggleston, L., Naberhaus, B., & Nichols, B. (2017). Social influences on sorority and fraternity member smoking. Journal of American College Health, 65(8), 1–9. doi:10.1080/07448481.2017.1351444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, K., Fabian, L., Mottey, N., Corbett, N., & Forster, J. (2012). Young adults’ favorable perceptions of snus, dissolvable tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes: Findings from a focus group study. American Journal of Public Health, 102(11), 2088–2093. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen, K. A., Ambrose, B. K., Gentzke, A. S., Apelberg, B. J., Jamal, A., & King, B. A. (2018). Notes from the field: Use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students, United States, 2011–2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(45), 1276–1277. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6745a5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czogala, J., Goniewicz, M. L., Fidelus, B., Zielinska-Danch, W., Travers, M. J., & Sobczak, A. (2014). Secondhand exposure to vapors from electronic cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16(6), 655–662. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobbs, P., Clawson, A., Gowin, M., & Cheney, M. (2019). Where college students look for vaping information and what information they believe. Journal of American College Health. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1549557
   Google Scholar
• East, K., Hitchman, S. C., Bakolis, I., Williams, S., Cheeseman, H., Arnott, D., & McNeill, A. (2018). The association between smoking and electronic cigarette use in a cohort of young people. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(5), 539–547. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallin, A., Roditis, M., & Glantz, S. A. (2015). Association of campus tobacco policies with secondhand smoke exposure, intention to smoke on campus, and attitudes about outdoor smoking restrictions. American Journal of Public Health, 105(6), 1098–1100. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goniewicz, M. L., Knysak, J., Gawron, M., Kosmider, L., Sobczak, A., Kurek, J., … Benowitz, N. (2014). Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control, 23(2), 133–139. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, S. H., Bayer, R., & Fairchild, A. L. (2016). Evidence, policy, and E-cigarettes-will England reframe the debate? The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(14), 1301–1303. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1601154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J., Duan, Z., Kwok, J., Binns, S., Vera, L. E., Kim, Y., … Emery, S. L. (2019). Vaping versus JUULing: How the extraordinary growth and marketing of JUUL transformed the US retail e-cigarette market. Tobacco Control, 28(2), 146–151. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, A. M., Strong, D. R., Kirkpatrick, M. G., Unger, J. B., Sussman, S., Riggs, N. R., … Audrain-McGovern, J. (2015). Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence association of e-cigarette use with smoking during early adolescence association of e-cigarette use with smoking during early adolescence. Journal of American Medical Association, 314(7), 700–707. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillen, R., Maduka, J., & Winickoff, J. (2012). Use of emerging tobacco products in the United States. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012, 1. doi:10.1155/2012/989474
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Herzog, T. A., Muranka, N., & Fagan, P. (2015). Young adult e-cigarette users’ reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: A qualitative study. Psychology & Health, 30(12), 1450–1469. doi:10.1080/08870446.2015.1061129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Little, M. A., Fagan, P., Muranaka, N., & Herzog, T. A. (2014). Electronic cigarette use outcome expectancies among college students. Addictive Behaviors, 39(6), 1062–1065. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primack, B. A., Soneji, S., Stoolmiller, M., Fine, M. J., & Sargent, J. D. (2015). Progression to traditional cigarette smoking after electronic cigarette use among US adolescents and young adults. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(11), 1018–1023. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saddleson, M. L., Kozlowski, L. T., Giovino, G. A., Goniewicz, M. L., Mahoney, M. C., Homish, G. G., & Arora, A. (2016). Enjoyment and other reasons for electronic cigarette use: Results from college students in New York. Addictive Behaviors, 54, 33–39. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saddleson, M. L., Kozlowski, L. T., Giovino, G. A., Hawk, L. W., Murphy, J. M., MacLean, M. G., … Mahoney, M. C. (2015). Risky behaviors, e-cigarette use and susceptibility of use among college students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 149, 25–30. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, D. C., Macy, J. T., Torabi, M. R., & Middlestadt, S. E. (2011). The effect of a smoke-free campus policy on college students' smoking behaviors and attitudes. Preventive Medicine, 53(4–5), 347–352. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.07.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons, V. N., Quinn, G. P., Harrell, P. T., Meltzer, L. R., Correa, J. B., Unrod, M., & Brandon, T. H. (2016). E-cigarette use in adults: A qualitative study of users' perceptions and future use intentions. Addiction Research and Theory, 24(4), 313–321. doi:10.3109/16066359.2016.1139700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutfin, E. L., McCoy, T. P., Morrell, H. E. R., Hoeppner, B. B., & Wolfson, M. (2013). Electronic cigarette use by college students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 131(3), 214–221. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbo, C. W., & Harper, R. (2013). Use and perception of electronic cigarettes among college students. Journal of American College Health, 61(3), 149–155. doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.776052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbo, C. W., & Harper, R. (2016). A comparison of students and non-students with respect to orientation toward E-cigarettes. Journal of Public Health Research, 5(2), 595. doi:10.4081/jphr.2016.595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US).
   Google Scholar
• Unger, J. B., Soto, D. W., & Leventhal, A. (2016). E-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette and marijuana use among Hispanic young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 163, 261–264. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandrevala, T., Coyle, A., Walker, V., Cabrera Torres, J., Ordoña, I., & Rahman, P. (2017). ‘A good method of quitting smoking’ or ‘just an alternative to smoking’? Comparative evaluations of e-cigarette and traditional cigarette usage by dual users. Health Psychology Open, 4(1), 205510291668464. doi:10.1177/2055102916684648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills, T. A., Knight, R., Sargent, J. D., Gibbons, F. X., Pagano, I., & Williams, R. J. (2017). Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii. Tobacco Control, 26(1), 34–39. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar