833
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Drug Use by Music Festival Attendees: A Novel Triangulation Approach Using Self-Reported Data and Test Results of Oral Fluid and Pooled Urine Samples

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & show all

References

  • Archer, J. R., Hudson, S., Wood, D. M., & Dargan, P. I. (2013). Analysis of urine from pooled urinals - a novel method for the detection of novel psychoactive substances. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 6(2), 86–90. doi: 10.2174/1874473706666131205144014
  • Bade, R., Bijlsma, L., Sancho, J. V., Baz-Lomba, J. A., Castiglioni, S., Castrignanò, E., … Hernández, F. (2017). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of synthetic cathinones and phenethylamines in influent wastewater of eight European cities. Chemosphere, 168, 1032–1041. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.107
  • Bade, R., Rousis, N. I., Bijlsma, L., Gracia-Lor, E., Castiglioni, S., Sancho, J. V., & Hernandez, F. (2015). Screening of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater and surface waters of Spain and Italy by high resolution mass spectrometry using UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 407(30), 8979–8988. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-9063-x
  • Bijlsma, L., Beltran, E., Boix, C., Sancho, J. V., & Hernandez, F. (2014). Improvements in analytical methodology for the determination of frequently consumed illicit drugs in urban wastewater. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406(17), 4261–4272. doi: 10.1007/s00216-014-7818-4
  • Bijlsma, L., Serrano, R., Ferrer, C., Tormos, I., & Hernandez, F. (2014). Occurrence and behavior of illicit drugs and metabolites in sewage water from the Spanish Mediterranean coast (Valencia region). Science of the Total Environment, 487, 703–709. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.131
  • Brewer, A. J., Banta-Green, C. J., Ort, C., Robel, A. E., & Field, J. (2016). Wastewater testing compared with random urinalyses for the surveillance of illicit drug use in prisons. Drug and Alcohol Review, 35(2), 133–137. doi: 10.1111/dar.12185
  • Burgard, D. A., Banta-Green, C., & Field, J. A. (2014). Working upstream: How far can you go with sewage-based drug epidemiology?. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(3), 1362–1368. doi: 10.1021/es4044648
  • Causanilles, A., Baz-Lomba, J. A., Burgard, D. A., Emke, E., González-Mariño, I., Krizman-Matasic, I., … Bijlsma, L. (2017). Improving wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate cannabis use: Focus on the initial aspects of the analytical procedure. Analytica Chimica Acta, 988, 27–33. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.011
  • EMCDDA. (2016a). Assessing illicit drugs in wastewater: Advances in wastewater-based drug epidemiology. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • EMCDDA. (2016b). Recent changes in Europe’s MDMA/ecstasy market. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • EMCDDA. (2017). European Drug Report 2016. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • EMCDDA. (2018). Norway Drug Report 2018. Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
  • Favretto, D., Pascali, J. P., & Tagliaro, F. (2013). New challenges and innovation in forensic toxicology: Focus on the “New Psychoactive Substances". Journal of Chromatography A, 1287, 84–95. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.049
  • Fendrich, M., Johnson, T. P., & Becker, J. (2017). The use of biological measures in social research on drug misuse. In J. B. VanGeest, T. P. Johnson, & S. A. Alemagno (Eds.), Research methods in the study of substance abuse (pp. 285–313). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Fendrich, M., Johnson, T. P., Wislar, J. S., & Hubbell, A. (2004). Drug test feasibility in a general population household survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 73(3), 237–250. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.09.004
  • Fendrich, M., Johnson, T. P., Wislar, J. S., Hubbell, A., & Spiehler, V. (2004). The utility of drug testing in epidemiological research: Results from a general population survey. Addiction, 99(2), 197–208. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00632.x
  • Gjerde, H., Gjersing, L., Furuhaugen, H., & Bretteville-Jensen, A. L. (2019). Correspondence between oral fluid drug test results and self-reported illicit drug use among music festival attendees. Substance Use & Misuse, 54, 1337–1344. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1580295
  • Gjerde, H., Nordfjærn, T., Bretteville-Jensen, A. L., Edland-Gryt, M., Furuhaugen, H., Karinen, R., & Øiestad, E. L. (2016). Comparison of drugs used by nightclub patrons and criminal offenders in Oslo, Norway. Forensic Science International, 265, 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.029
  • Gjerde, H., Øiestad, E. L., & Christophersen, A. S. (2011). Using biological samples in epidemiological research on drugs of abuse. Norsk Epidemiologi, 21(1), 5–14. doi: 10.5324/nje.v21i1.1420
  • Gjersing, L., Bretteville-Jensen, A. L., Furuhaugen, H., & Gjerde, H. (2019). Illegal substance use among 1,309 music festival attendees: An investigation using oral fluid sample drug tests, breathalysers and questionnaires. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(4), 400. doi: 10.1177/1403494818821481
  • Gonzalez-Marino, I., Gracia-Lor, E., Bagnati, R., Martins, C. P., Zuccato, E., & Castiglioni, S. (2016). Screening new psychoactive substances in urban wastewater using high resolution mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408(16), 4297–4309. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9521-0
  • Gonzalez-Marino, I., Gracia-Lor, E., Rousis, N. I., Castrignano, E., Thomas, K. V., Quintana, J. B., … Castiglioni, S. (2016). Wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor synthetic cathinones use in different European countries. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(18), 10089–10096. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02644
  • Gripenberg-Abdon, J., Elgan, T. H., Wallin, E., Shaafati, M., Beck, O., & Andreasson, S. (2012). Measuring substance use in the club setting: A feasibility study using biochemical markers. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention & Policy, 7, 7. doi: 10.1186/1747-597x-7-7
  • Harris, K. M., Griffin, B. A., McCaffrey, D. F., & Morral, A. R. (2008). Inconsistencies in self-reported drug use by adolescents in substance abuse treatment: Implications for outcome and performance measurements. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34(3), 347–355. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.05.004
  • Harrison, L., & Hughes, A. (1997). The validity of self-reported drug use: Improving the accuracy of survey estimates. NIDA Research Monograph no. 167. Rockville MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
  • Hernandez, F., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., de Voogt, P., Emke, E., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., … Bijlsma, L. (2018). Mass spectrometric strategies for the investigation of biomarkers of illicit drug use in wastewater. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 37(3), 258–280. doi: 10.1002/mas.21525
  • Hesse, M., & Tutenges, S. (2012). Music and substance preferences among festival attendants. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 12(2), 82–88. doi: 10.1108/17459261211235100
  • Hoegberg, L. C. G., Christiansen, C., Soe, J., Telving, R., Andreasen, M. F., Staerk, D., … Kongstad, K. T. (2018). Recreational drug use at a major music festival: Trend analysis of anonymised pooled urine. Clinical Toxicology, 56(4), 245–255. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1360496
  • Jenkinson, R., Bowring, A., Dietze, P., Hellard, M., & Lim, M. S. (2014). Young Risk Takers: Alcohol, Illicit Drugs, and Sexual Practices among a Sample of Music Festival Attendees. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2014, 1. doi: 10.1155/2014/357239
  • Johnson, T. P. (2014). Sources of error in substance use prevalence surveys. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014, 923290. doi: 10.1155/2014/923290
  • Johnson, T., & Fendrich, M. (2005). Modeling sources of self-report bias in a survey of drug use epidemiology. Annals of Epidemiology, 15(5), 381–389. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.09.004
  • Johnson, P. B., & Richter, L. (2004). Research note: What if we’re wrong? Some possible implications of systematic distortions in adolescents’ self-reports of sensitive behaviors. Journal of Drug Issues, 34(4), 951–970. doi: 10.1177/002204260403400412
  • Johnson, T. P., & VanGeest, J. B. (2017). Using surveys to study substance use behavior. In J. B. VanGeest, T. P. Johnson, & S. A. Alemagno (Eds.), Research methods in the study of substance abuse (pp. 251–283). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Johnson, M. B., Voas, R. A., Miller, B. A., & Holder, H. D. (2009). Predicting drug use at electronic music dance events: Self-reports and biological measurement. Evaluation Review, 33(3), 211–225. doi: 10.1177/0193841X09333253
  • Lim, M. S., Hellard, M. E., Hocking, J. S., & Aitken, C. K. (2008). A cross-sectional survey of young people attending a music festival: Associations between drug use and musical preference. Drug and Alcohol Review, 27(4), 439–441. doi: 10.1080/09595230802089719
  • Mardal, M., Kinyua, J., Ramin, P., Miserez, B., Van Nuijs, A. L., Covaci, A., & Meyer, M. R. (2017). Screening for illicit drugs in pooled human urine and urinated soil samples and studies on the stability of urinary excretion products of cocaine, MDMA, and MDEA in wastewater by hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques. Drug Testing and Analysis, 9(1), 106–114. doi: 10.1002/dta.1957
  • Miller, B. A., Byrnes, H. F., Branner, A. C., Voas, R., & Johnson, M. B. (2013). Assessment of club patrons’ alcohol and drug use: The use of biological markers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(5), 637–643. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.014
  • Miller, P., Curtis, A., Jenkinson, R., Droste, N., Bowe, S. J., & Pennay, A. (2015). Drug use in Australian nightlife settings: Estimation of prevalence and validity of self-report. Addiction, 110(11), 1803–1810. doi: 10.1111/add.13060
  • Miller, B. A., Furr-Holden, D., Johnson, M. B., Holder, H., Voas, R., & Keagy, C. (2009). Biological markers of drug use in the club setting. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(2), 261–268. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.261
  • Mohr, A. L. A., Friscia, M., Yeakel, J. K., & Logan, B. K. (2018). Use of synthetic stimulants and hallucinogens in a cohort of electronic dance music festival attendees. Forensic Science International, 282, 168–178. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.017
  • Nelson, M. E., Bryant, S. M., & Aks, S. E. (2014). Emerging drugs of abuse. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 32(1), 1–28. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2013.09.001
  • Newcombe, R. G. (1998). Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: Comparison of seven methods. Statistics in Medicine, 17(8), 857–872. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8 < 857::AID-SIM777 > 3.0.CO;2-E
  • Oliver, C. F., Palamar, J. J., Salomone, A., Simmons, S. J., Philogene-Khalid, H. L., Stokes-McCloskey, N., & Rawls, S. M. (2019). Synthetic cathinone adulteration of illegal drugs. Psychopharmacology, 236(3), 869–879. doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-5066-6
  • Palamar, J. J., Acosta, P., Sherman, S., Ompad, D. C., & Cleland, C. M. (2016). Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances among attendees of electronic dance music venues. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 42(6), 624–632. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1181179
  • Palamar, J. J., Salomone, A., Gerace, E., Di Corcia, D., Vincenti, M., & Cleland, C. M. (2017). Hair testing to assess both known and unknown use of drugs amongst ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene. International Journal of Drug Policy, 48, 91–98. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.010
  • Rendon, A., Livingston, M., Suzuki, S., Hill, W., & Walters, S. (2017). What’s the agreement between self-reported and biochemical verification of drug use? A look at permanent supportive housing residents. Addictive Behaviors, 70, 90–96. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.011
  • Riley, S. C., James, C., Gregory, D., Dingle, H., & Cadger, M. (2001). Patterns of recreational drug use at dance events in Edinburgh, Scotland. Addiction, 96(7), 1035–1047. doi: 10.1080/09652140120053093
  • Rosay, A. B., Najaka, S. S., & Herz, D. C. (2007). Differences in the validity of self-reporting drug use across five factors: Gender, race, age, type of drug, and offense seriousness. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 23(1), 41–58. doi: 10.3886/ICPSR02706.v1
  • Salomone, A., Palamar, J. J., Gerace, E., Di Corcia, D., & Vincenti, M. (2017). Hair testing for drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances in a high-risk population. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 41(5), 376–381. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkx020
  • Scherbaum, N., Schifano, F., & Bonnet, U. (2017). New psychoactive substances (NPS) - a challenge for the addiction treatment services. Pharmacopsychiatry, 50(3), 116–122. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-102059
  • Schifano, F., Orsolini, L., Duccio Papanti, G., & Corkery, J. M. (2015). Novel psychoactive substances of interest for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 15–26. doi: 10.1002/wps.20174
  • Sloboda, Z. (2002). Drug abuse epidemiology: An overview. Bulletin on Narcotics, 54(1–2), 1–13.
  • Tanner-Smith, E. E. (2006). Pharmacological content of tablets sold as “ecstasy”: Results from an online testing service. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(3), 247–254. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.016
  • Thomas, K. V., Bijlsma, L., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Emke, E., Grabic, R., … de Voogt, P. (2012). Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 432, 432–439. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.069
  • Togni, L. R., Lanaro, R., Resende, R. R., & Costa, J. L. (2015). The variability of ecstasy tablets composition in Brazil. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 60(1), 147–151. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12584
  • UNODC. (1961). Single convention on narcotic drugs. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
  • UNODC. (1971). Convention on psychotropic substances. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
  • UNODC. (2016). New psychoactive substances: Overview of trends, challenges and legal approaches (E/CN.7/2016/CRP.2). Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
  • Verstraete, A. G. (2004). Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 26(2), 200–205.
  • Vogels, N., Brunt, T. M., Rigter, S., van Dijk, P., Vervaeke, H., & Niesink, R. J. (2009). Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993-2008. Addiction, 104(12), 2057–2066. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02707.x
  • Zuccato, E., Castiglioni, S., Senta, I., Borsotti, A., Genetti, B., Andreotti, A., … Serpelloni, G. (2016). Population surveys compared with wastewater analysis for monitoring illicit drug consumption in Italy in 2010-2014. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 161, 178–188. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.003
  • Zuccato, E., Chiabrando, C., Castiglioni, S., Bagnati, R., & Fanelli, R. (2008). Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(8), 1027–1032. doi: 10.1289/ehp.11022

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.