Prevalence and Correlates of Concurrent and Simultaneous Cannabis and Cigarette Use among Past-Year Cannabis-Using US College Students

References

• Agrawal, A., Budney, A. J., & Lynskey, M. T. (2012). The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: A review . Addiction (Abingdon, England), 107(7), 1221–1233. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03837.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M. T., Madden, P. A. F., Pergadia, M. L., Bucholz, K. K., & Heath, A. C. (2009). Simultaneous cannabis and tobacco use and cannabis-related outcomes in young women. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 101(1–2), 8–12. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansell, E. B., Laws, H. B., Roche, M. J., & Sinha, R. (2015). Effects of marijuana use on impulsivity and hostility in daily life. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 136–142. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, S. P., Darredeau, C., & Pihl, R. O. (2006). Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in drug using university students. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 21(4), 255–263. doi:10.1002/hup.766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn-Miller, M. O., Zvolensky, M. J., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Feldner, M. T., & Yartz, A. R. (2005). Marijuana use among daily tobacco smokers: Relationship to anxiety-related factors. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 27(4), 279–289. doi:10.1007/s10862-005-2408-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Brown, E. N., Finch, S. J., & Brook, D. W. (2011). Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: Personality and social role outcomes. Psychological Reports, 108(2), 339–357. doi:10.2466/10.18.PR0.108.2.339-357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busen, N. H., Modeland, V., & Kouzekanani, K. (2001). Adolescent cigarette smoking and health risk behavior. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 16(3), 187–193. doi:10.1053/jpdn.2001.24182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calakos, K. C., Bhatt, S., Foster, D. W., & Cosgrove, K. P. (2017). Mechanisms underlying sex differences in cannabis use. Current Addiction Reports, 4(4), 439–453. doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0174-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chae, D. H., Gavin, A. R., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2006). Smoking prevalence among Asian Americans: Findings from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Public Health Reports, 121(6), 755–763. doi:10.1177/003335490612100616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn, A. M., Abudayyeh, H., Perreras, L., & Peters, E. N. (2019). Patterns and correlates of the co-use of marijuana with any tobacco and individual tobacco products in young adults from Wave 2 of the PATH Study. Addictive Behaviors, 92, 122–127. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, M. E., Nasim, A., Cho, S. B., Kendler, K. S., Clark, S. L., & Dick, D. M. (2016). Predicting tobacco use across the first year of college. American Journal of Health Behavior, 40(4), 484–495. doi:10.5993/AJHB.40.4.10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crean, R. D., Crane, N. A., & Mason, B. J. (2011). An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 5(1), 1–8. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e31820c23fa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuttler, C., Mischley, L. K., & Sexton, M. (2016). Sex differences in cannabis use and effects: A cross-sectional survey of cannabis users. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 1(1), 166–175. doi:10.1089/can.2016.0010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Derefinko, K. J., Charnigo, R. J., Peters, J. R., Adams, Z. W., Milich, R., & Lynam, D. R. (2016). Substance use trajectories from early adolescence through the transition to college. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77(6), 924–935. doi:10.15288/jsad.2016.77.924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Khoury Lesueur, F., Bolze, C., & Melchior, M. (2018). Factors associated with successful vs. unsuccessful smoking cessation: Data from a nationally representative study. Addictive Behaviors, 80, 110–115. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, C. B., White, H. R., & Catalano, R. F. (2010). Romantic relationships and substance use in early adulthood: An examination of the influences of relationship type, partner substance use, and relationship quality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(2), 153–167. doi:10.1177/0022146510368930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gates, J. R., Corbin, W. R., & Fromme, K. (2016). Emerging adult identity development, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems during the transition out of college. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(3), 345. doi:10.1037/adb0000179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentzke, A. S., Creamer, M., Cullen, K. A., Ambrose, B. K., Willis, G., Jamal, A., & King, B. A. (2019). Vital signs: Tobacco product use among middle and high school students—United States, 2011–2018. Mmwr. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(6), 157–164. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6806e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486–489. doi:10.5812/ijem.3505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall, W., & Degenhardt, L. (2014). The adverse health effects of chronic cannabis use. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(1–2), 39–45. doi:10.1002/dta.1506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller, M., Handley, E., Chassin, L., & Bountress, K. (2010). Developmental cascades: Linking adolescent substance use, affiliation with substance use promoting peers, and academic achievement to adult substance use disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 22(4), 899–916. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper, M. W., & Kolar, S. (2016). Racial/ethnic differences in electronic cigarette use and reasons for use among current and former smokers: Findings from a community-based sample. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(1009), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Lipperman‐Kreda, S., Paschall, M. J., Saltz, R. F., & Morrison, C. N. (2018). Places and social contexts associated with simultaneous use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among young adults. Drug and Alcohol Review, 37(2), 188–195. doi:10.1111/dar.12537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlefield, A. K., Gottlieb, J. C., Cohen, L. M., & Trotter, D. R. M. (2015). Electronic cigarette use among college students: Links to gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, and heavy drinking. Journal of American College Health, 63(8), 523–529. doi:10.1080/07448481.2015.1043130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauro, P. M., Carliner, H., Brown, Q. L., Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., Rahim-Juwel, R., … Martins, S. S. (2018). Age differences in daily and nondaily cannabis use in the United States, 2002–2014. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 79(3), 423–431. doi:10.15288/jsad.2018.79.423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’dell, L. E., & Torres, O. V. (2014). A mechanistic hypothesis of the factors that enhance vulnerability to nicotine use in females. Neuropharmacology, 76, 566–580. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okaneku, J., Vearrier, D., McKeever, R. G., LaSala, G. S., & Greenberg, M. I. (2015). Change in perceived risk associated with marijuana use in the United States from 2002 to 2012. Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 53(3), 151–155. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1004581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okoli, C. T. C., Richardson, C. G., Ratner, P. A., & Johnson, J. L. (2008). Adolescents’ self-defined tobacco use status, marijuana use, and tobacco dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 33(11), 1491–1499. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabin, R. A., & George, T. P. (2015). A review of co‐morbid tobacco and cannabis use disorders: Possible mechanisms to explain high rates of co‐use. The American Journal on Addictions, 24(2), 105–116. doi:10.1111/ajad.12186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramo, D. E., Liu, H., & Prochaska, J. J. (2012). Tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of their co-use. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(2), 105–121. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramo, D. E., & Prochaska, J. J. (2012). Prevalence and co-use of marijuana among young adult cigarette smokers: An anonymous online national survey. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 7(1), 5. doi:10.1186/1940-0640-7-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rigotti, N. A., Lee, J. E., & Wechsler, H. (2000). US college students’ use of tobacco products: Results of a national survey. JAMA, 284(6), 699–705. doi:10.1001/jama.284.6.699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas-Wright, C. P., Vaughn, M. G., Todic, J., Córdova, D., & Perron, B. E. (2015). Trends in the disapproval and use of marijuana among adolescents and young adults in the United States: 2002–2013. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 41(5), 392–404. doi:10.3109/00952990.2015.1049493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarvet, A. L., Wall, M. M., Keyes, K. M., Cerdá, M., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., … Hasin, D. S. (2018). Recent rapid decrease in adolescents’ perception that marijuana is harmful, but no concurrent increase in use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 68–74. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauer, G. L., Berg, C. J., Kegler, M. C., Donovan, D. M., & Windle, M. (2015). Assessing the overlap between tobacco and marijuana: Trends in patterns of co-use of tobacco and marijuana in adults from 2003-2012. Addictive Behaviors, 49, 26–32. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Miech, R. A., & Patrick, M. E. (2018). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2017: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–55. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong, D. R., Myers, M. G., Pulvers, K., Noble, M., Brikmanis, K., & Doran, N. (2018). Marijuana use among US tobacco users: Findings from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 16–22. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbaraman, M. S., & Kerr, W. C. (2015). Simultaneous versus concurrent use of alcohol and cannabis in the National Alcohol Survey. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(5), 872–879. doi:10.1111/acer.12698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry-McElrath, Y. M., O’Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2013). Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among US high school seniors from 1976 to 2011: Trends, reasons, and situations. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133(1), 71–79. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry-McElrath, Y. M., & Patrick, M. E. (2018). Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among young adult drinkers: Age‐specific changes in prevalence from 1977 to 2016. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42(11), 2224–2233. doi:10.1111/acer.13879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Surgeon General. (2012). Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Surgeon General. (2016). E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., Swanson, J. M., Evins, A. E., DeLisi, L. E., Meier, M. H., Gonzalez, R., … Baler, R. (2016). Effects of cannabis use on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, and psychosis: A review. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(3), 292–297. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T. W., Asman, K., Gentzke, A. S., Cullen, K. A., Holder-Hayes, E., Reyes-Guzman, C., … King, B. A. (2018). Tobacco product use among adults—United States, 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(44), 1225–1232. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6744a2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, H. R., Kilmer, J. R., Fossos-Wong, N., Hayes, K., Sokolovsky, A. W., & Jackson, K. M. (2019). Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among college students: Patterns, correlates, norms, and consequences. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental research, 43, 7, 1545–1555.
   Google Scholar