References
- Alexander, G. C., Frattaroli, S., & Gielen, A. C. (2015). The prescription opioid epidemic: An evidence-based approach. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
- Compton, W. M., Jones, C. M., & Baldwin, G. T. (2016). Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(2), 154–163. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1508490
- Crowley, R., Kirschner, N., Dunn, A. S., & Bornstein, S. S. (2017). Health and public policy to facilitate effective prevention and treatment of substance use disorders involving illicit and prescription drugs: An American College of Physicians position paper. Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 733–736. doi:10.7326/M16-2953
- Frieden, T. R., & Houry, D. (2016). Reducing the risks of relief—the CDC opioid-prescribing guideline. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(16), 1501–1504. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1515917
- Gryczynski, J., Schwartz, R. P., O’Grady, K. E., Restivo, L., Mitchell, S. G., & Jaffe, J. H. (2016). Understanding patterns of high-cost health care use across different substance user groups. Health Affairs, 35(1), 12–19. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0618
- Haegerich, T. M., Paulozzi, L. J., Manns, B. J., & Jones, C. M. (2014). What we know, and don’t know, about the impact of state policy and systems-level interventions on prescription drug overdose. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 145, 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.001
- Hagemeier, N. E., Gray, J. A., & Pack, R. P. (2013). Prescription drug abuse: A comparison of prescriber and pharmacist perspectives. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(9), 761–768. doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.787101
- Hedegaard, H., & Miniño, A. M. (2017). Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2017. DHHS.
- Hedegaard, H., Miniño, A. M., & Warner, M. (2018). Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2017 (pp. 1-8). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
- Isaacson, J. H., Fleming, M., Kraus, M., Kahn, R., & Mundt, M. (2000). A national survey of training in substance use disorders in residency programs. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(6), 912–915. doi:10.15288/jsa.2000.61.912
- Jamison, R. N., Sheehan, K. A., Scanlan, E., Matthews, M., & Ross, E. L. (2014). Beliefs and attitudes about opioid prescribing and chronic pain management: Survey of primary care providers. Journal of Opioid Management, 10(6), 375–382.
- Keller, C. E., Ashrafioun, L., Neumann, A. M., Van Klein, J., Fox, C. H., & Blondell, R. D. (2012). Practices, perceptions, and concerns of primary care physicians about opioid dependence associated with the treatment of chronic pain. Substance Abuse, 33(2), 103–113. doi:10.1080/08897077.2011.630944
- Kennedy-Hendricks, A., Busch, S. H., McGinty, E. E., Bachhuber, M. A., Niederdeppe, J., Gollust, S. E., … Barry, C. L. (2016). Primary care physicians’ perspectives on the prescription opioid epidemic. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 165, 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.010
- Lembke, A. (2012). Why doctors prescribe opioids to known opioid abusers. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(17), 1580–1581. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1208498
- Morera, O. F., & Stokes, S. M. (2016). Coefficient α as a measure of test score reliability: Review of 3 popular misconceptions. American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), 458–461. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302993
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2013). Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings. HHS Report No.: 13–4795.
- Tong, S., Sabo, R., Aycock, R., Prasad, R., Etz, R., Kuzel, A., & Krist, A. (2017). Assessment of addiction medicine training in family medicine residency programs: A CERA study. Family Medicine, 49(7), 537–543.
- US Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). Facing addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. Washington, DC: HHS, p. 6.
- Volkow, N. D., Frieden, T. R., Hyde, P. S., & Cha, S. S. (2014). Medication-assisted therapies—tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(22), 2063–2066. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1402780
- Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Opioid abuse in chronic pain-misconceptions and mitigation strategies. The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(13), 1253–1263. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1507771
- Volkow, N. D., McLellan, T. A., Cotto, J. H., Karithanom, M., & Weiss, S. R. (2011). Characteristics of opioid prescriptions in 2009. JAMA, 305(13), 1299–1301. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.401