References
- BC Centre for Disease Control. (2018). HIV in British Columbia: Annual Surveillance Report 2016. http://www.bccdc.ca/search?k=hivannualreport
- Beyrer, C., Baral, S. D., van Griensven, F., Goodreau, S. M., Chariyalertsak, S., Wirtz, A. L., & Brookmeyer, R. (2012). Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. The Lancet), 380(9839), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60821-6
- Brennan, R., & Van Hout, M. C. (2014). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A scoping review of pharmacology, toxicology, motives for use, and user groups. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46(3), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2014.921746
- Colfax, G., & Shoptaw, S. (2005). The methamphetamine epidemic: Implications for HIV prevention and treatment. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 2(4), 194–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-005-0016-4
- Colyer, S. P., Lachowsky, N. J., Cui, Z., Zhu, J., Armstrong, H. L., Taylor, M., Edward, J., Olarewaju, G., Hogg, R. S., Roth, E. A., & Moore, D. M. (2018). HIV treatment optimism and crystal methamphetamine use and initiation among HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Vancouver, Canada: A longitudinal analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 185, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.004
- de Jong Gierveld, D., Tilburg, J., & Van, T. (2006). A 6-item scale for overall, emotional, and social loneliness. Research on Aging, 28(5), 582–598. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027506289723
- Forrest, D. W., Metsch, L. R., LaLota, M., Cardenas, G., Beck, D. W., & Jeanty, Y. (2010). Crystal methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men in South Florida. Journal of Urban Health, 87(3), 480–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9422-z
- Frost, D. M., Meyer, I. H., & Schwartz, S. (2016). Social support networks among diverse sexual minority populations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000117
- Glasner-Edwards, S., Mooney, L. J., Marinelli-Casey, P., Hillhouse, M., Ang, A., & Rawson, R. A, & Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors, T. M. T. P. C. (2010a). Psychopathology in methamphetamine-dependent adults 3 years after treatment. Drug and Alcohol Review, 29(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00081.x
- Glasner-Edwards, S., Mooney, L. J., Marinelli-Casey, P., Hillhouse, M., Ang, A., & Rawson, R, & Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors, the M. T. P. C. (2010b). Anxiety disorders among methamphetamine dependent adults: Association with post-treatment functioning. The American Journal on Addictions, 19(5), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00061.x
- Greene, B., & Herek, G. M, & Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian and Gay Issues. (1995). AIDS, identity, and community: the HIV epidemic and lesbians and gay men. Sage Publications.
- Haddad, N., Li, J. S., Totten, S., & Mcguire, M. (2018). Surveillance HIV in Canada-Surveillance Report, 2017. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 44(12), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v44i12a03
- Halkitis, P. N. (2009). Methamphetamine addiction: Biological foundations, psychological factors, and social consequences. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11883-000
- Halkitis, P. N., Levy, M. D., Moreira, A. D., & Ferrusi, C. N. (2014). Crystal methamphetamine use and HIV transmission among gay and bisexual men. Current Addiction Reports, 1(3), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-014-0023-x
- Halkitis, P. N., Levy, M. D., & Solomon, T. M. (2016). Temporal relations between methamphetamine use and HIV seroconversion in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(1), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314522675
- Heckathorn, D. D. (1997). Respondent-driven sampling: A new approach to the study of hidden populations. Social Problems, 44(2), 174–199. https://doi.org/10.2307/3096941
- Hopwood, M., Lea, T., & Aggleton, P. (2015). Drug, sex and sociality: Factors associated with the recent sharing of injecting equipment among gay and bisexual men in Australia. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(2), 210–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.10.013
- Isaiah Green, A., & Halkitis, P. N. (2006). Crystal methamphetamine and sexual sociality in an urban gay subculture: An elective affinity. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 8(4), 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050600783320
- Jaffe, A., Shoptaw, S., Stein, J. A., Reback, C. J., & Rotheram-Fuller, E. (2007). Depression ratings, reported sexual risk behaviors, and methamphetamine use: Latent growth curve models of positive change among gay and bisexual men in an outpatient treatment program. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15(3), 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.15.3.301
- Jerome, R. C., & Halkitis, P. N. (2009). Stigmatization, stress, and the search for belonging in black men who have sex with men who use methamphetamine. Journal of Black Psychology, 35(3), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798409333620
- Kalichman, S. C., & Rompa, D. (1995). Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity scales: validity, and predicting HIV risk behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3), 586–601. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_16
- Lea, T., Kolstee, J., Lambert, S., Ness, R., Hannan, S., & Holt, M. (2017). Methamphetamine treatment outcomes among gay men attending a LGBTI-specific treatment service in Sydney. Plos One, 12(2), e0172560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172560
- Liechti, M. E., Kunz, I., Greminger, P., Speich, R., & Kupferschmidt, H. (2006). Clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone toxicity and concomitant drug and alcohol use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81(3), 323–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.010
- Lima, V. D., Geller, J., Bangsberg, D. R., Patterson, T. L., Daniel, M., Kerr, T., Montaner, J. S., & Hogg, R. S. (2007). The effect of adherence on the association between depressive symptoms and mortality among HIV-infected individuals first initiating HAART. AIDS, 21(9), 1175–1183. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32811ebf57
- Lubben, J., Blozik, E., Gillmann, G., Iliffe, S., von Renteln Kruse, W., Beck, J. C., & Stuck, A. E. (2006). Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. The Gerontologist, 46(4), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/46.4.503
- Marquez, C., Mitchell, S. J., Hare, C. B., John, M., & Klausner, J. D. (2009). Methamphetamine use, sexual activity, patient-provider communication, and medication adherence among HIV-infected patients in care, San Francisco 2004-2006. AIDS Care, 21(5), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802385579
- Marshall, B. D. L., Wood, E., Shoveller, J. A., Patterson, T. L., Montaner, J. S. G., & Kerr, T. (2011). Pathways to HIV risk and vulnerability among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered methamphetamine users: A multi-cohort gender-based analysis. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-20
- McKirnan, D. J., Vanable, P. A., Ostrow, D. G., & Hope, B. (2001). Expectancies of sexual escape and sexual risk among drug and alcohol-involved gay and bisexual men. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13(1-2), 137–154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11547615; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3289(01)00063-3
- Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Bourne, A. (2016). Illicit drug use and its association with sexual risk behaviour among MSM: More questions than answers? Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 29(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000234
- Mimiaga, M. J., Pantalone, D. W., Biello, K. B., Glynn, T. R., Santostefano, C. M., Olson, J., Pardee, D. J., Hughto, J. M. W., Garcia Valles, J., Carrico, A. W., Mayer, K. H., & Safren, S. A. (2018). A randomized controlled efficacy trial of behavioral activation for concurrent stimulant use and sexual risk for HIV acquisition among MSM: Project IMPACT study protocol. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 914. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5856-0
- Mimiaga, M. J., Reisner, S. L., Pantalone, D. W., O'Cleirigh, C., Mayer, K. H., & Safren, S. A. (2012). A pilot trial of integrated behavioral activation and sexual risk reduction counseling for HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men abusing crystal methamphetamine. AIDS Patient Care and Stds, 26(11), 681–693. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2012.0216
- Moore, D. M., Cui, Z., Lachowsky, N., Raymond, H. F., Roth, E., Rich, A., Sereda, P., Howard, T., McFarland, W., Lal, A., Montaner, J., Corneil, T., & Hogg, R. S, & Momentum Health Study team. (2016). HIV community viral load and factors associated with elevated Viremia among a community-based sample of men who have sex with men in Vancouver. Canada. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 72(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000934
- Nimmons, D., & Folkman, S. (1999). Other-sensitive motivation for safer sex among gay men: Expanding paradigms for HIV prevention. AIDS and Behavior, 3(4), 313–324.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025437418276
- O’Dell, B. L., Rosser, B. R. S., Miner, M. H., & Jacoby, S. M. (2008). HIV Prevention altruism and sexual risk behavior in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 12(5), 713–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9321-9
- Prestage, G., Hammoud, M., Jin, F., Degenhardt, L., Bourne, A., & Maher, L. (2018). Mental health, drug use and sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men. International Journal of Drug Policy, 55, 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.01.020
- Rawson, R. A., Gonzales, R., Marinelli-Casey, P., & Ang, A. (2007). Methamphetamine dependence: A closer look at treatment response and clinical characteristics associated with route of administration in outpatient treatment. American Journal on Addictions, 16(4), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490701389864
- Reback, C. J., & Fletcher, J. B. (2018). Elevated HIV and STI prevalence and incidence among methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men in Los Angeles County. AIDS Education and Prevention, 30(4), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.4.350
- Reback, C. J., Fletcher, J. B., Swendeman, D. A., & Metzner, M. (2019). Theory-based text-messaging to reduce methamphetamine use and HIV sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men: Automated unidirectional delivery outperforms bidirectional peer interactive delivery. AIDS and Behavior, 23(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2225-z
- Reback, C. J., Peck, J. A., Dierst-Davies, R., Nuno, M., Kamien, J. B., & Amass, L. (2010). Contingency management among homeless, out-of-treatment men who have sex with men. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 39(3), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2010.06.007
- Rich, A. J., Lachowsky, N. J., Cui, Z., Sereda, P., Lal, A., Birch, R., Montaner, J., Moore, D., Hogg, R. S., & Roth, E. A. (2016). Substance use, sexual behaviour and prevention strategies of Vancouver gay and bisexual men who recently attended group sex events. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(4), 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2015.1084649
- Schwarcz, S., Scheer, S., McFarland, W., Katz, M., Valleroy, L., Chen, S., & Catania, J. (2007). Prevalence of HIV infection and predictors of high-transmission sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 1067–1075. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.072249
- Semple, S. J., Strathdee, S. A., Zians, J., & Patterson, T. L. (2010). Social and behavioral characteristics of HIV-positive MSM who trade sex for methamphetamine. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(6), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.505273
- Smith, J. P., & Randall, C. L. (2012). Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: Comorbidity and treatment considerations. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 34(4), 414–431.
- Starks, T. J., Millar, B. M., Lassiter, J. M., & Parsons, J. T. (2017). Preintervention profiles of information, motivational, and behavioral self-efficacy for methamphetamine use and HIV medication adherence among gay and bisexual men. AIDS Patient Care and STDS, 31(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2016.0196
- Sumnall, H. R., Woolfall, K., Edwards, S., Cole, J. C., & Beynon, C. M. (2008). Use, function, and subjective experiences of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 92(1-3), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.009
- Tallóczy, Z., Martinez, J., Joset, D., Ray, Y., Gácser, A., Toussi, S., Mizushima, N., Nosanchuk, J. D., Nosanchuk, J., Goldstein, H., Loike, J., Sulzer, D., & Santambrogio, L. (2008). Methamphetamine inhibits antigen processing, presentation, and phagocytosis. PLoS Pathogens, 4(2), e28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0040028
- Van de Ven, P., Crawford, J., Kippax, S., Knox, S., & Prestage, G. (2000). A scale of optimism-scepticism in the context of HIV treatments. AIDS Care, 12(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120050001841
- Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6880820; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
- Zule, W. A., Poulton, W. E., Coomes, C. M., Mansergh, G., Charania, M., Wechsberg, W. M., & Jones, H. E. (2012). Results of a pilot study to reduce methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviors among methamphetamine-using Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) not currently in treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(5), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2012.736794