References
- Acheampong, A. B., Lasopa, S., Striley, C. W., & Cottler, L. B. (2016). Gender differences in the association between religion/spirituality and simultaneous polysubstance use (SPU). Journal of Religion and Health, 55(5), 1574–1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0168-5
- Arterberry, B. J., Horbal, S. R., Buu, A., & Lin, H. C. (2016). The effects of alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use on the initiation, reinitiation and persistence of non-medical use of opioids, sedatives, and tranquilizers in adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 159, 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.029
- Becker, W. C., Sullivan, L. E., Tetrault, J. M., Desai, R. A., & Fiellin, D. A. (2008). Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on prescription opioids among U.S. adults: Psychiatric, medical and substance use correlates. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 94(1–3), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.018
- Busfield, J. (2010). A pill for every ill’: explaining the expansion in medicine use. Social Science & Medicine, 70(6), 934–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.068
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). U.S. opioid prescribing rate maps. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/maps/rxrate-maps.html
- Cerda, M., Ransome, Y., Keyes, K. M., Koenen, K. C., Tardiff, K., Vlahov, D., & Galea, S. (2013). Revisiting the role of the urban environment in substance use: The case of analgesic overdose fatalities. American Journal of Public Health, 103(12), 2252–2260.
- Compton, W., Jones, C., & Baldwin, G. (2016). Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(2), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1508490
- Degenhardt, L., Charlson, F., Mathers, B., Hall, W. D., Flaxman, A. D., Johns, N., & Vos, T. (2014). The global epidemiology and burden of opioid dependence: Results from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Addiction, 109(8), 1320–1333. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12551
- DeSalvo, K. B., Bloser, N., Reynolds, K., He, J., & Muntner, P. (2006). Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question: A meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(3), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x
- Donnelly, G. F. (2017). Media messages: There’s a pill for everything!. Holistic Nursing Practice, 31(1), 1.
- Egan, K. L., Gregory, E., Wolfson, M., Francisco, V. T., Strack, R. W., Wyrick, D. L., & Perko, M. A. (2019). Disposal of prescription drugs by parents of middle and high school students. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 0(0), 1–7.
- Fiellin, L. E., Tetrault, J. M., Becker, W. C., Fiellin, D. A., & Hoff, R. A. (2013). Previous use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and subsequent abuse of prescription opioids in young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(2), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.010
- Friese, B., Moore, R. S., Grube, J. W., & Jennings, V. K. (2013). How parents of teens store and monitor prescription drugs in the home. Journal of Drug Education, 43(3), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.2190/DE.43.3.b
- Han, B., Compton, W. M., Blanco, C., Crane, E., Lee, J., & Jones, C. M. (2017). Prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders in U.S. adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(5), 293–301. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-0865
- Horton, J., Compton, W., Cottler, L.B. (2000). Reliability of substance use disorder diagnoses among African–Americans and Caucasians. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 57(3), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00050-2
- Jessor, R. (1987). Problem‐behavior theory, psychosocial development, and adolescent problem drinking. British Journal of Addiction, 82(4), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01490.x
- Kandel, D. B., & Logan, J. A. (1984). Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: I. Periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation. American Journal of Public Health, 74(7), 660–666. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.74.7.660
- Manchikanti, L., Fellows, B., Ailinani, H., & Pampati, V. (2010). Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: A ten-year perspective. Pain Physician, 13(5), 401–435.
- McCabe, S. E., Veliz, P., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2016). Adolescent context of exposure to prescription opioids and substance use disorder symptoms at age 35: A national longitudinal study. PAIN, 157(10), 2173–2178. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000624
- McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., & Boyd, C. J. (2013). Leftover prescription opioids and nonmedical use among high school seniors: A multi-cohort national study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(4), 480–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.08.007
- McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., Morales, M., Cranford, J. A., & Boyd, C. J. (2007). Does early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs predict subsequent prescription drug abuse and dependence? Results from a national study. Addiction, 102(12), 1920–1930. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02015.x
- Miech, R., Johnston, L., O'Malley, P. M., Keyes, K. M., & Heard, K. (2015). Prescription opioids in adolescence and future opioid misuse. Pediatrics, 136(5), e1169–77. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1364
- Nattala, P., Leung, K. S., Abdallah, A. B., & Cottler, L. B. (2011). Heavy use versus less heavy use of sedatives among non-medical sedative users: Characteristics and correlates. Addictive Behaviors, 36(1–2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.09.002
- Nattala, P., Leung, K. S., Abdallah, A. B., Murthy, P., & Cottler, L. B. (2012). Motives and simultaneous sedative-alcohol use among past 12-month alcohol and nonmedical sedative users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 38(4), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2011.643987
- Nattala, P., Leung, K. S., Abdallah, A. B., Murthy, P., & Cottler, L. B. (2012). Motives and simultaneous sedative-alcohol use among past 12-month alcohol and nonmedical sedative users. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 38(4), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2011.643987
- Pham, T., Milanaik, R., Kaplan, A., Papaioannou, H., & Adesman, A. (2017). Household diversion of prescription stimulants: Medication misuse by parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 27(8), 741–746. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2016.0058
- Ross-Durow, P. L., McCabe, S. E., & Boyd, C. J. (2013). Adolescents’ access to their own prescription medications in the home. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(2), 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.012
- Seth, P., Rudd, R. A., Noonan, R. K., & Haegerich, T. M. (2018). Quantifying the Epidemic of Prescription Opioid Overdose Deaths. American Journal of Public Health, 108(4), 500–502. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304265
- Shacham, E., & Cottler, L. B. (2010). Sexual behaviors among club drug users: Prevalence and reliability. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1331–1341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9539-x
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA). (2016). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Retrieved from Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/maps/rxrate-maps.html.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA). (2019). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (No. HHS Publication No. PEP19-5068). Retrieved from Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.
- Thatcher, D. L., & Clark, D. B. (2008). Adolescents at risk for substance use disorders: Role of psychological dysregulation, endophenotypes, and environmental influences. Alcohol Research & Health: The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 31(2), 168–176.
- Triggle, D. J. (2007). Treating desires not diseases: A pill for every ill and an ill for every pill? Drug Discovery Today, 12(3–4), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2006.12.001
- Van Zee, A. (2009). The promotion and marketing of Oxycontin: Commercial triumph, public health tragedy. American Journal of Public Health, 99(2), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.131714
- Vie, T. L., Hufthammer, K. O., Holmen, T. L., Meland, E., & Breidablik, H. J. (2018). Is self-rated health in adolescence a predictor of prescribed medication in adulthood? Findings from the Nord Trøndelag Health Study and the Norwegian Prescription Database. SSM Popul Health, 4, 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.11.010
- Volkow, N. (2019, June 27). The importance of prevention in addressing the opioid crisis [Blog post]. https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/noras-blog/2019/06/importance-prevention-in-addressing-opioid-crisis.
- Watters, J. K., & Biernacki, P. (1989). Targeted Sampling: Options for the Study of Hidden Populations. Social Problems, 36(4), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.2307/800824