Recovery as Life Transformation: Examining the Relationships between Recovery, Hope, and Relapse

References

• Acharya, T., & Agius, M. (2017). The importance of hope against other factors in the recovery of mental illness. Psychiatria Danubina, 29(Suppl 3), 619–622. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28953841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle, J. L. (2012). Amos (Version 22.0) [Computer Program]. IBM SPSS.
   Google Scholar
• Averill, J. R., Catlin, G., & Chon, K. K. (1990). Rules of Hope. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, N. R., Morgan, R. D., Mitchell, S. M., & Van Horn, S. A. (2018). Criminal thinking, psychiatric symptoms, and recovery attitudes among community mental health patients: An examination of program placement. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 45(2), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854817734007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, T. T., Scheel, M. J., & Cole, B. P. (2015). Development and validation of the hope for change through counseling scale. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(5), 671–702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015589190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo, A. B. I. (2010). Extending hope theory: Internal and external locus of trait hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), 944–949. https://doi.org/10.1016.j.paid.2010.07.036 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, D. W., & Lubman, D. I. (2012). The recovery paradigm: A model of hope and change for alcohol and drug addiction. Australian Family Physician, 41(8), 593–597. https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=642640787929070;res=IELIAC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boas, T. C., Christenson, D. P., & Glick, D. M. (2020). Recruiting large online samples in the United States and India: Facebook, Mechanical Turk, and Qualtrics. Political Science Research and Methods, 8(2), 232–219. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, S. D., Shumway, S. T., Dsauza, C. M., Morris, N., & Hayes, N. D. (2017). Hope, coping skills, and the prefrontal cortex in alcohol use disorder recovery. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 43(5), 591–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2017.1286500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, S., Shumway, S. T., Wang, E. W., Harris, K. S., Smith, D. B., & Austin-Robillard, H. (2015). Hope, readiness, and coping in family recovery from addiction. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 10(4), 313–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2015.1099125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruininks, P., & Malle, B. F. (2005). Distinguishing hope from optimism and related affective states. Motivation and Emotion, 29(4), 324–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9010-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, P. (2012). Does hope have a history? Estudos Avançados, 26(75), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-401420120002000014 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142012000200014
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright, J. (2004). From Aquinas to Zwelethemba: A brief history of hope. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592(1), 166–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203262017
   Google Scholar
• Choe, K. (2014). Development and preliminary testing of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale, a brief scale to measure hope in people with schizophrenia. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(6), 927–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P. W., Giffort, D., Rashid, F., Leary, M., & Okeke, I. (1999). Recovery as a psychological construct. Community Mental Health Journal, 35(3), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018741302682 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018741302682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crockett, S. A. (2012). A five-step guide to conducting SEM analysis in counseling research. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 3(1), 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150137811434142
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, C. L., Wingate, L. R., Slish, M. L., & Rasmussen, K. A. (2010). The great Black hope: Hope and its relation to suicide risk among African Americans. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 40(2), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1521/slui.2010.40.2.170 https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2010.40.2.170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L. R. (1993). BSI Brief Symptom Inventory 18. Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. NCS Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, L., Rand, K. L., Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2007). Understanding hope: A review of measurement and construct validity research. In A. D. Ong & M. van Dulmen (Eds.). Handbook of methods in positive psychology (pp. 83–95). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149
   Google Scholar
• Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas/20160601.11 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, D. B., & Dreher, D. E. (2012). Can hope be changed in 90 minutes? Testing the efficacy of a single-session goal-pursuit intervention for college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(4), 745–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9292-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari, J. R., Stevens, E. B., Legler, R., & Jason, L. A. (2012). Hope, self-esteem, and self-regulation: Positive characteristics among men and women in recovery. Journal of Community Psychology, 40(3), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, R., Schumm, J. A., & Chard, K. M. (2012). Hope as a change mechanism in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(3), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, R., Hernandez, M., Douglas, S. B., & Yu, C. H. (2015). Exploring the factor structure of a recovery assessment measure among substance-abusing youth. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 47(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2015.1053556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorski, T. (1988). The CENAPS model of relapse prevention planning. Journal of Chemical Dependency Treatment, 2(2), 153–169.
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, D. (2019). Spiritus contra spiritum: Addiction, hope, and the search for meaning. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 6(4), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, N., Scanlan, J. N., Bundy, A. C., & Honey, A. (2016). Recovery assessment scale-domains and stages (RAS-DS) manual-version 2. AU: University of Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, N., Scanlan, J. N., Honey, A., Bundy, A. C., & O'Shea, K. (2015). Recovery assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS): Its feasibility and outcome measurement capacity. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(7), 624–633. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414564084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• IBM. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac., Version 25.0 IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Jason, L. A., Stevens, E., & Light, J. M. (2016). The relationship of sense of community and trust to hope. Journal of Community Psychology, 44(3), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaskutas, L. A., Borkman, T. J., Laudet, A., Ritter, L. A., Witbrodt, J., Subbaraman, M. S., Stunz, A., & Bond, J. (2014). Elements that define recovery: The experiential perspective. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(6), 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. F., Bergman, B., Hoeppner, B. B., Vilsaint, C., & White, W. L. (2017). Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 181(1), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly, J. F., Hoeppner, B. B., Urbanoski, K. A., & Slaymaker, V. (2011). Predicting relapse among young adults: Psychometric validation of the advanced warning of relapse (AWARE) scale. Addictive Behaviors, 36(10), 987–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (3rd ed.). Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Koehn, C., & Cutcliffe, J. R. (2012). The inspiration of hope in substance abuse counseling. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 51(1), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2012.00007.x
   Google Scholar
• Koehn, C., O’Neill, L., & Sherry, J. (2012). Hope-focused interventions in substance abuse counselling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(3), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s-11469-011-9360-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-011-9360-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, D. J., & Stege, R. (2012). Client accounts of hope in early counseling sessions: A qualitative study. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00007.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, D., Edey, W., & Lemay, L. (2007). Understanding the role of hope in counselling: Exploring the intentional uses of hope. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 20(4), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070701690036
   Google Scholar
• Laudet, A. B., & Humphreys, K. (2013). Promoting recovery in an evolving policy context: What do we know and what do we need to know about recovery support services? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(1), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, F. M., & Guo, G. J. (2012). Hope and recovery from substance abuse for female drug offenders in Taiwan. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(8), 1258–1282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X11426418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leamy, M., Bird, V., Le Boutillier, C., Williams, J., & Slade, M. (2011). Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 199(6), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130– 149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathis, G. M., Ferrari, J. R., Groh, D. R., & Jason, L. A. (2009). Hope and substance abuse recovery: The impact of agency and pathways within an abstinent communal-living setting. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 4(1/2), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15560350802712389
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLean, P. (2011). Balancing hope and hopelessness in family therapy for people affected by cancer. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 32(4), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1375/S0814723X00001923
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriam-Webster. (2020). Hope definition. Retrieved January 5, 2020, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hope
   Google Scholar
• Miller, W. R., & Harris, R. J. (2000). A simple scale of Gorski's warning signs for relapse. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(5), 759–765. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2000.61.759
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provencher, H. L., & Keyes, C. L. (2011). Complete mental health recovery: Bridging mental illness with positive mental health. Journal of Public Mental Health, 10(1), 57– 69. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465721111134556
   Google Scholar
• O'Keefe, V. M., & Wingate, L. R. (2013). The role of hope and optimism in suicide risk for American Indians/Alaska Natives. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 43(6), 621–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T., & Davidenko, N. (2009). Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 867–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qualtrics. (2005). Qualtrics Online Survey Platform [Software]. http://qualtrics.com.
   Google Scholar
• Qualtrics. (2020). Unlock breakthrough markets with market research panels. Retrieved May 2020 from https://www.qualtrics.com/research-services/online-sample/
   Google Scholar
• Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 4(3), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway, S. T., Dakin, J. B., Smock Jordan, S. A., Kimball, T. G., Harris, K. S., & Bradshaw, S. D. (2014). The development of the hope and coping in recovery measure (HCRM). Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 9(4), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2014.969059
   Google Scholar
• Slade, M., Phelan, M., Thornicroft, G., & Parkman, S. (1996). The Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN): Comparison of assessments by staff and patients of the needs of the severely mentally ill. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 31(3-4), 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00785756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., & Sigmon, D. R. (2002). Hope Theory: A member of the positive psychology family. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 257–276). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, E., Guerrero, M., Green, A., & Jason, L. A. (2018). Relationship of hope, sense of community, and quality of life. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(5), 567–574. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, E., Jason, L. A., Ram, D., & Light, J. (2015). Investigating social support and network relationships in Substance Use Disorder recovery. Substance Abuse, 36(4), 396–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2014.965870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2012). SAMHSA’s Working Definition of Recovery. (SAMHSA Publication No. PREP12-RECDEF). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://store.samhsa.gov/system/files/pep12-recdef.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. (7th ed.). Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B., & Deane, F. P. (2016). Length of stay as a predictor of reliable change in psychological recovery and well-being following residential substance abuse treatment. Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 37(3), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/TC-09-2015-0022
   Google Scholar
• Werner, S. (2012). Subjective well-being, hope, and needs of individuals with serious mental illness. Psychiatry Research, 196(2-3), 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, W. L., & Kurtz, E. (2008). Twelve defining moments in the history of Alcoholics Anonymous. In L. Kaskutas, and M. Galanter (Eds.), Recent Developments in Alcoholism, (Vol 18). (pp. 37–57). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, P. T. P. (2011). Meaning-centered counseling and therapy: An integrative and comprehensive approach to motivational counseling and addiction treatment. In W. M. Cox & E. Klinger (Eds.), Handbook of motivational counseling: Goal based approaches to assessment and intervention with addition and other problems (pp. 461–487). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Yahne, C. E., & Miller, W. R. (1999). Evoking hope. In W. R. Miller (Ed.), Integrating spirituality into treatment: Resources for practitioners (p. 217–223). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar