Drug Overdose Deaths Among US Hispanics: Trends (2000–2017) and Recent Patterns

References

• Alegría, M., Canino, G., Shrout, P. E., Woo, M., Duan, N., Vila, D., Torres, M., Chen, C.-N., & Meng, X.-L. (2008). Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant U.S. Latino groups. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alegría, M., Mulvaney-Day, N., Torres, M., Polo, A., Cao, Z., & Canino, G. (2007). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Latino subgroups in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 97(1), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.087205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, B., Nolan, M. L., Kunins, H. V., & Paone, D. (2019). Racial differences in opioid overdose deaths in New York City, 2017. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(4), 576–578. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias, E., Heron, M. P., & Hakes, J. K. (2016). The validity of race and Hispanic-origin reporting on death certificates in the United States: An update. Vital and Health Statistics, Series, 2(172), 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Boslett, A. J., Denham, A., Hill, E. L., & Adams, M. C. B. (2019). Unclassified drug overdose deaths in the opioid crisis: Emerging patterns of inequity. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 26(8–9), 767–777. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, P., & Parkin, D. M. (1991). Statistical methods for registries. In O. M. Jensen, D. M. Parkin, R. MacLennan, C. S. Muir, & R. G. Skeet (Eds.), Cancer registration: Principles and methods, IARC scientific publication no. 95 (pp. 126–158). International Agency for Research on Cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, E. G., & Reed, K. D. (2015). Principles and pitfalls: A guide to death certification. Clinical Medicine & Research, 13(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2015.1276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanich, J. M., Balmert, L. C., Williams, K. E., & Burke, D. S. (2018). The effect of incomplete death certificates on estimates of unintentional opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States, 1999-2015. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.:1974), 133(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354918774330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Understanding the epidemic. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019a). Drug overdose deaths. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/statedeaths.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019b). Multiple cause of death 1999–2017. https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/help/mcd.html
   Google Scholar
• Ciccarone, D. (2017). Fentanyl in the US heroin supply: A rapidly changing risk environment. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 46, 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consonni, D., Coviello, E., Buzzoni, C., & Mensi, C. (2012). A command to calculate age-standardized rates with efficient interval estimation. The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata, 12(4), 688–701. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1201200408
   Google Scholar
• Coviello, E. (2006). DISTRATE: Stata module to compute direct standardized rates with improved confidence interval. http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s456708.html.
   Google Scholar
• Drug Enforcement Administration. (2018). 2018 national drug threat assessment. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/DIR-032-18%202018%20NDTA%20final%20low%20resolution.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hasin, D. S., & Grant, B. F. (2015). The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: Review and summary of findings. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(11), 1609–1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1088-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedegaard, H., Miniño, A. M., & Warner, M. (2018). Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999-2017. NCHS Data Brief. No. 329. National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, J. Y. (2017). The contribution of drug overdose to educational gradients in life expectancy in the United States, 1992-2011. Demography, 54(3), 1175–1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0565-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, C. M., Einstein, E. B., & Compton, W. M. (2018). Changes in synthetic opioid involvement in drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2010-2016. JAMA, 319(17), 1819–1821. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.2844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kariisa, M., Scholl, L., Wilson, N., Seth, P., & Hoots, B. (2019). Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants with abuse potential - United States, 2003-2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(17), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. J., Fay, M. P., Feuer, E. J., & Midthune, D. N. (2000). Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Statistics in Medicine, 19(3), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, R. J., & Schoenborn, C. A. (2001). Age adjustment using the 2000 projected U.S. population. Healthy People statistical notes. no. 20. National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Kuczyńska, K., Grzonkowski, P., Kacprzak, Ł., & Zawilska, J. B. (2018). Abuse of fentanyl: An emerging problem to face. Forensic Science International, 289, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (2019). Opioid-related overdose deaths, all intents, MA residents - Demographic data highlights. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/08/21/Opioid-related-Overdose-Deaths-Demographics-August-2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, S. L., Xu, J. Q., & Kochanek, K. D. (2013). Deaths: Final data for 2010. National vital statistics reports, vol. 61 no 4. National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute (2019). Joinpoint regression program, version 4.7.0.0. https://surveillance.cancer.gov/help/joinpoint
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, M. L., Shamasunder, S., Colon-Berezin, C., Kunins, H. V., & Paone, D. (2019). Increased presence of fentanyl in cocaine-involved fatal overdoses: Implications for prevention. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 96(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-00343-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardo, B., Caulkins, J. P., Kilmer, B., Liccardo Pacula, R., Reuter, P., & Stein, B. D. (2019). The synthetic opioid surge in the United States: Insights from mortality and seizure data. RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Rudd, R. A., Seth, P., David, F., & Scholl, L. (2016). Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths - United States, 2010-2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(50–51), 1445–1452. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm655051e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhm, C. J. (2018). Corrected US opioid-involved drug poisoning deaths and mortality rates, 1999-2015. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 113(7), 1339–1344. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samelson, E. J., Speers, M., Ferguson, R., & Bennett, C. (1994). Racial differences in cervical cancer mortality in Chicago. American Journal of Public Health, 84(6), 1007–1009. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.6.1007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenker, N., & Gentleman, J. F. (2001). On judging the significance of differences by examining the overlap between confidence intervals. The American Statistician, 55(3), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313001317097960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiels, M. S., Freedman, N. D., Thomas, D., & Berrington de Gonzalez, A. (2018). Trends in U.S. drug overdose deaths in non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white persons, 2000–2015. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(6), 453–455. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-1812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavova, S., O'Brien, D. B., Creppage, K., Dao, D., Fondario, A., Haile, E., Hume, B., Largo, T. W., Nguyen, C., Sabel, J. C., & Wright, D. (2015). Drug overdose deaths: Let's get specific. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.:1974), 130(4), 339–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491513000411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tote, K. M., Bradley, H., Martin, E. G., Yucel, R., & Rosenberg, E. S. (2019). Factors associated with incomplete toxicology reporting in drug overdose deaths, 2010-2016. Annals of Epidemiology, 38, 65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. (n.d.). Data.census.gov. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/.
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. (2019). American Factfinder®: Factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Washington State Department of Health. (2012, July 13). Guidelines for using confidence intervals for public health assessment. https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/1500/ConfIntGuide.pdf
   Google Scholar