Frequent Marijuana or Alcohol Use in Low-Income Emerging Adults: Impact of Adverse Life Experiences

References

• Tarren-Sweeney, M., & Vetere, A. (Eds.). (2013). Mental health services for vulnerable children and young people: Supporting children who are, or have been, in foster care. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Allem, J. P., Soto, D. W., Baezconde-Garbanati, L., & Unger, J. B. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences and substance use among Hispanic emerging adults in Southern California. Addictive Behaviors, 50, 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C. H., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2005). The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 35(2), 235–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/002204260503500202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, K. L. (2015). Sleep in schizophrenia: Pathology and treatment. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 10(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual. Harcourt, Brace & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., Sapareto, E., & Ruggiero, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00541-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyerlein, B. A., & Bloch, E. (2014). Need for trauma-informed care within the foster care system: A policy issue. Child Welfare, 93(3), 7–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braciszewski, J. M., & Stout, R. L. (2012). Substance use among current and former foster youth: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12), 2337–2344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Brown, E. N., Finch, S. J., & Brook, D. W. (2011). Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: Personality and social role outcomes. Psychological Reports, 108(2), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.18.PR0.108.2.339-357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor (2017). The Economics Daily: 69.7 percent of 2016 high school graduates enrolled in college. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/69-point-7-percent-of-2016-high-school-graduates-enrolled-in-college-in-october-2016.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Law and Social Policy (2019). Poverty and career opportunities for young adults: The census poverty report dials up the urgency. Retrieved from https://www.clasp.org/whats-next/poverty-and-career-opportunities-young-adults-census-poverty-report-dials-urgency%E2%80%94and#:∼:text=But%20the%20high%20level%20of,24%20is%20less%20well%2Dknown.&text=Young%20adults%20who%20are%20also,poverty%20rate%20is%2040%20percent.
   Google Scholar
• Chossegros, L., Hours, M., Charnay, P., Bernard, M., Fort, E., Boisson, D., Sancho, P. O., Yao, S. N., & Laumon, B. (2011). Predictive factors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder 6 months after a road traffic accident. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 43(1), 471–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbert, S. J., & Krause, N. (2009). Witnessing violence across the life course, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use among older persons. Health Education & Behavior : The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 36(2), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198107303310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colder, C. R., Scalco, M., Trucco, E. M., Read, J. P., Lengua, L. J., Wieczorek, W. F., & Hawk, L. W. (2013). Prospective associations of internalizing and externalizing problems and their co-occurrence with early adolescent substance use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(4), 667–677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9701-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronholm, P. F., Forke, C. M., Wade, R., Bair-Merritt, M. H., Davis, M., Harkins-Schwarz, M., Pachter, L. M., & Fein, J. A. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences: Expanding the concept of adversity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(3), 354–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. P., Dumas, T. M., & Roberts, B. W. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences and development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 6(4), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696817725608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2013). Improving the adverse childhood experiences study scale. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 746–754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleckman, J. M., Drury, S. S., Taylor, C. A., & Theall, K. P. (2016). Role of direct and indirect violence exposure on externalizing behavior in children. Journal of Urban Health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 93(3), 479–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-016-0052-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, M., Gower, A. L., Borowsky, I. W., & McMorris, B. J. (2017). Associations between adverse childhood experiences, student-teacher relationships, and non-medical use of prescription medications among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 68, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, M., Rogers, C. J., Benjamin, S. M., Grigsby, T., Lust, K., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences, ethnicity, and substance use among college students: Findings from a two-state sample. Substance Use & Misuse, 54(14), 2368–2379. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2019.1650772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fusco, R. A. & Newhill, C. E. (2021). The impact of foster care experiences on marijuana use in young adults. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533256X.2020.1870286
   Google Scholar
• Giglio, L. M., Andreazza, A. C., Andersen, M., Ceresér, K. M., Walz, J. C., Sterz, L., & Kapczinski, F. (2009). Sleep in bipolar patients. Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 13(2), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-008-0215-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, B. A., Ramchand, R., Edelen, M. O., McCaffrey, D. F., & Morral, A. R. (2011). Associations between abstinence in adolescence and economic and educational outcomes seven years later among high-risk youth. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 113(2-3), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, W. (2009). The adverse health effects of cannabis use: What are they, and what are their implications for policy?The International Journal on Drug Policy, 20(6), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara, M., Huang, D. Y., Weiss, R. E., & Hser, Y. I. (2013). Concurrent life-course trajectories of employment and marijuana-use: Exploring interdependence of longitudinal outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(5), 426–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harville, E. W., Jacobs, M., & Boynton-Jarrett, R. (2015). When is exposure to a natural disaster traumatic? Comparison of a trauma questionnaire and disaster exposure inventory. PloS One, 10(4), e0123632–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heron-Delaney, M., Kenardy, J., Charlton, E., & Matsuoka, Y. (2013). A systematic review of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adult road traffic crash survivors. Injury, 44(11), 1413–1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2013.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoover, S. A., Sapere, H., Lang, J. M., Nadeem, E., Dean, K. L., & Vona, P. (2018). Statewide implementation of an evidence-based trauma intervention in schools. School Psychology Quarterly, 33(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, L. D., Miech, R. A., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E., & Patrick, M. E. (2019). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use 1975–2018: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Karila, L., Roux, P., Rolland, B., Benyamina, A., Reynaud, M., Aubin, H. J., & Lancon, C. (2014). Acute and long-term effects of ­cannabis use: A review. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(25), 4112–4118. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, K. A., Conron, K. J., Koenen, K. C., Gilman, S. E., Arata, C. M., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., … Wyatt, G. E. (2010). Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: A test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a population-based sample of adults. Psychological Medicine, 40(10), 1647–1658. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709992121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrall, P., Hazelton, M., & Shackleton, W. (2013). Psychotherapy and social responsibility: The challenging case of homicide. Psychotherapy and Politics International, 11(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppi.1302
   Google Scholar
• Patrick, M. E., Bray, B. C., & Berglund, P. A. (2016). Reasons for marijuana use among young adults and long-term associations with marijuana use and problems. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77(6), 881–888. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2016.77.881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, M. E., Schulenberg, J. E., O’malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., & Bachman, J. G. (2011). Adolescents’ reported reasons for alcohol and marijuana use as predictors of substance use and problems in adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(1), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2011.72.106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecora, P. J. (2012). Maximizing educational achievement of youth in foster care and alumni: Factors associated with success. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(6), 1121–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potthast, N., Neuner, F., & Catani, C. (2014). The contribution of emotional maltreatment to alcohol dependence in a treatment-seeking sample. Addictive Behaviors, 39(5), 949–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebbe, R., Nurius, P. S., Courtney, M. E., & Ahrens, K. R. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences and young adult health outcomes among youth aging out of foster care. Academic Pediatrics, 18(5), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riebschleger, J., Day, A., & Damashek, A. (2015). Foster care youth share stories of trauma before, during, and after placement: Youth voices for building trauma-informed systems of care. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(4), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2015.1009603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenkranz, S. E., Muller, R. T., & Henderson, J. L. (2012). Psychological maltreatment in relation to substance use problem severity among youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(5), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnurr, P. P., Spiro, A., Vielhauer, M. J., Findler, M. N., & Hamblen, J. L. (2002). Trauma in the lives of older men: Findings from the Normative Aging Study. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8(3), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015992110544
   Google Scholar
• Schnurr, P., Vielhauer, M., Weathers, F., & Findler, M. (1999). The Brief Trauma Questionnaire. National Center for PTSD.
   Google Scholar
• Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Miech, R. A., & Patrick, M. E. (2018). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use. College Students & Adults Ages 19-55, II, 1975–2017. Volume Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED589764.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Silins, E., Swift, W., Slade, T., Toson, B., Rodgers, B., & Hutchinson, D. M. (2017). A prospective study of the substance use and mental health outcomes of young adult former and current cannabis users. Drug and Alcohol Review, 36(5), 618–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, A. L., Becker, L. G., Huber, A. M., & Catalano, R. F. (2012). Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 37(7), 747–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., & Weiss, S. R. (2014). Adverse health effects of marijuana use. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(23), 2219–2227. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1402309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, E. G., & Cawthon, S. W. (2014). The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 39(10), 1471–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, D. A., Schneider, A., & Lyons, J. S. (2009). Evidence-based treatments for trauma among culturally diverse foster care youth: Treatment retention and outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(11), 1199–1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, H. R., Fleming, C. B., Kim, M. J., Catalano, R. F., & McMorris, B. J. (2008). Identifying two potential mechanisms for changes in alcohol use among college-attending and non-college-attending emerging adults. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1625–1639. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, E. M., Fagan, A. A., & Pinchevsky, G. M. (2013). The effects of exposure to violence and victimization across life domains on adolescent substance use. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(11), 899–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinzow, H. M., Ruggiero, K. J., Resnick, H., Hanson, R., Smith, D., Saunders, B., & Kilpatrick, D. (2009). Prevalence and mental health correlates of witnessed parental and community violence in a national sample of adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(4), 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02004.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick, C., Tam, T. W., & Soman, L. A. (2012). Life course outcomes on mental and physical health: The impact of foster care on adulthood. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 534–540. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar