Effects of Negative Emotion on Abstinence Induced Change in Urge to Vape and Measures of Vaping Dependence

References

• Allen, S. S., Bade, T., Hatsukami, D., & Center, B. (2008). Craving, withdrawal, and smoking urges on days immediately prior to smoking relapse. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 10(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200701705076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ameringer, K. J., & Leventhal, A. M. (2010). Applying the tripartite model of anxiety and depression to cigarette smoking: An integrative review. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 12(12), 1183–1194. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bares, C. B., & Andrade, F. H. (2012). Racial/ethnic differences in the longitudinal progression of co-occurring negative affect and cigarette use: From adolescence to young adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 37(5), 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, T. D., Arnold, M. K., Ro, V., Martin, L., & Rice, T. R. (2020). Systematic Review of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) and Mental Health Comorbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa171
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, B. P., Garner, M., Hudson, L., & Mogg, K. (2007). Influence of negative affect on selective attention to smoking-related cues and urge to smoke in cigarette smokers. Behavioural Pharmacology, 18(4), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0b013e328173969b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandon, T. H. (1994). Negative Affect as Motivation to Smoke. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3(2), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10769919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center, T. T. U. R., Workgroup, T. D. P., Baker, T., Piper, M., McCarthy, D., Bolt, D., Smith, S., Kim, S.-Y., Colby, S., Conti, D., Giovino, G., Hatsukami, D., Hyland, A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Niaura, R., Perkins, K., & Toll, B. (2007). Time to First Cigarette in the Morning as an Index of Ability to Quit Smoking: Implications for. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(Suppl_4), 555–S570. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200701673480
   Google Scholar
• Chadi, N., Li, G., Cerda, N., & Weitzman, E. R. (2019). Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents Using e-Cigarettes and Marijuana: A Secondary Data Analysis From the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Addict Med, 13(5), 362–365. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.-L., Wu, S.-C., Chen, Y.-T., Hsiao, P.-C., Yu, Y.-H., Ting, T.-T., Chen, C.-Y., Tu, Y.-K., Huang, J.-H., Yang, H.-J., Li, C.-Y., Strong, C., Yen, C.-F., Yen, C.-F., & Chen, W. J. (2019). E-Cigarette Use in a Country With Prevalent Tobacco Smoking: A Population-Based Study in Taiwan. Journal of Epidemiology, 29(4), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20170300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comeau, N., Stewart, S. H., & Loba, P. (2001). The relations of trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and sensation seeking to adolescents’ motivations for alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Addictive Behaviors, 26(6), 803–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00238-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, L. S., Tiffany, S. T., & Christen, A. G. (2001). Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-brief) in laboratory and clinical settings. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 3(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200020032051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cummins, S. E., Zhu, S.-H., Tedeschi, G. J., Gamst, A. C., & Myers, M. G. (2014). Use of e-cigarettes by individuals with mental health conditions. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 3), iii48–iii53. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, A. M., Kahler, C. W., Metrik, J., Spillane, N. S., Tidey, J. W., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2015). Working memory moderates the association between smoking urge and smoking lapse behavior after alcohol administration in a laboratory analogue task. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 17(9), 1173–1177. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donny, E. C., Griffin, K. M., Shiffman, S., & Sayette, M. A. (2008). The relationship between cigarette use, nicotine dependence, and craving in laboratory volunteers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(3), 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200801901906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerström, K. (2011). Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14(1), 75–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farsalinos, K. E., Spyrou, A., Stefopoulos, C., Tsimopoulou, K., Kourkoveli, P., Tsiapras, D., Kyrzopoulos, S., Poulas, K., & Voudris, V. (2015). Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: Comparison between experienced consumers (vapers) and naïve users (smokers). Scientific Reports, 5, 11269–11269. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, E., & Capitman, J. (2000). Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics, 106(4), 748–755. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.4.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin, R. D., Pagura, J., Spiwak, R., Lemeshow, A. R., & Sareen, J. (2011). Predictors of persistent nicotine dependence among adults in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 118(2-3), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin, R. D., Zvolensky, M. J., Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2012). Mental disorders and cigarette use among adults in the United States. The American Journal on Addictions, 21(5), 416–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00263.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, J. E., Lust, K., Fridberg, D. J., King, A. C., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2019). E-cigarette use (vaping) is associated with illicit drug use, mental health problems, and impulsivity in university students. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists, 31(1), 27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajek, P., Przulj, D., Phillips, A., Anderson, R., & McRobbie, H. (2017). Nicotine delivery to users from cigarettes and from different types of e-cigarettes. Psychopharmacology, 234(5), 773–779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4512-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, S. M., Muñoz, R. F., Reus, V. I., & Sees, K. L. (1993). Nicotine, negative affect, and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(5), 761–767. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.61.5.761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulin, C., Cudeck, R., Netemeyer, R., Dillon, W. R., McDonald, R., & Bearden, W. (2001). Can a Reliability Coefficient Be Too High?Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10(1-2), 55–58. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1001&2_05
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, L. D., Miech, R. A., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E., & Patrick, M. E. (2019). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use 1975-2018: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Monitoring the Future,
   Google Scholar
• Kahler, C. W., Leventhal, A. M., Colby, S. M., Gwaltney, C. J., Kamarck, T. W., & Monti, P. M. (2009). Hostility, cigarette smoking, and responses to a lab-based social stressor. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17(6), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahler, C. W., Metrik, J., Spillane, N. S., Day, A., Leventhal, A. M., McKee, S. A., Tidey, J. W., McGeary, J. E., Knopik, V. S., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2014). Acute effects of low and high dose alcohol on smoking lapse behavior in a laboratory analogue task. Psychopharmacology, 231(24), 4649–4657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3613-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, H., Weier, M., Fraser, D., & Gartner, C. (2017). Anytime, anywhere’: Vaping as social practice. Critical Public Health, 27(4), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2016.1250867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H., Davis, A. H., Dohack, J. L., & Clark, P. I. (2017). E-cigarettes use behavior and experience of adults: Qualitative research findings to inform e-cigarette use measure development. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 19(2), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, A. C., Smith, L. J., McNamara, P. J., Matthews, A. K., & Fridberg, D. J. (2015). Passive exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use increases desire for combustible and e-cigarettes in young adult smokers. Tobacco Control, 24(5), 501–504. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanza, S. T., & Vasilenko, S. A. (2015). New methods shed light on age of onset as a risk factor for nicotine dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 50, 161–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner, W. V., Janssen, T., Kahler, C. W., Audrain-McGovern, J., & Leventhal, A. M. (2017). Bi-directional associations of electronic and combustible cigarette use onset patterns with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 96, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner, W. V., L Gunn, R., Minto, A., Philip, N. S., Brown, R. A., Uebelacker, L. A., Price, L. H., & Abrantes, A. M. (2018). Effects of Negative Affect, Urge to Smoke, and Working Memory Performance (n-back) on Nicotine Dependence. Substance Use & Misuse, 53(7), 1177–1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1400569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y., & Lee, K. S. (2019). Association of Depression and Suicidality with Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use in South Korean Adolescents. Substance Use & Misuse, 54(6), 934–943. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2018.1552301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, A. M., Greenberg, J. B., Trujillo, M. A., Ameringer, K. J., Lisha, N. E., Pang, R. D., & Monterosso, J. (2013). Positive and negative affect as predictors of urge to smoke: Temporal factors and mediational pathways. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, A. M., Strong, D. R., Sussman, S., Kirkpatrick, M. G., Unger, J. B., Barrington-Trimis, J. L., & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2016). Psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent electronic and conventional cigarette use. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 73, 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, A. M. (2010). Do individual differences in reinforcement smoking moderate the relationship between affect and urge to smoke?Behavioral Medicine, 36(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964280903521347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015). Anxiety, depression, and cigarette smoking: A transdiagnostic vulnerability framework to understanding emotion-smoking comorbidity. Psychological Bulletin, 141(1), 176–212. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Gaiha, S. M., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2020). A Breath of Knowledge: Overview of Current Adolescent E-cigarette Prevention and Cessation Programs. Current Addiction Reports, 7(4), 520–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00345-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P., Fritz, M. S., Williams, J., & Lockwood, C. M. (2007). Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect: Program PRODCLIN. Behavior Research Methods, 39(3), 384–389. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee, S. A., Weinberger, A. H., Shi, J., Tetrault, J., & Coppola, S. (2012). Developing and validating a human laboratory model to screen medications for smoking cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 14(11), 1362–1371. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nts090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miech, R., Johnston, L., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Patrick, M. E. (2019). Trends in Adolescent Vaping, 2017–2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(15), 1490–1491. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1910739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morean, M. E., DeMartini, K. S., Foster, D., Patock-Peckham, J., Garrison, K. A., Corlett, P. R., Krystal, J. H., Krishan-Sarin, S., & O’Malley, S. S. (2018). The Self-Report Habit Index: Assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, e-cigarette, and cigarette use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018) Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952.2018.
   Google Scholar
• Obisesan, O. H., Mirbolouk, M., Osei, A. D., Orimoloye, O. A., Uddin, S. M. I., Dzaye, O., El Shahawy, O., Al Rifai, M., Bhatnagar, A., Stokes, A., Benjamin, E. J., DeFilippis, A. P., & Blaha, M. J. (2019). Association Between e-Cigarette Use and Depression in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016-2017. JAMA Network Open, 2(12), e1916800. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olonoff, M., Niaura, R., & Hitsman, B. (2019). "Electronic Cigarettes" Are Not Cigarettes, and Why That Matters. Nicotine Tob Res, 21(10), 1441–1444. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palazzolo, D. L. (2013). Electronic cigarettes and vaping: A new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review. Frontiers in Public Health, 1, 56. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parrott, A. C. (2015). The psychobiological problems of continued nicotine dependency in e-cigarette ‘Vapers’. Commentary: "Electronic Cigarettes". Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, 123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piper, M. E., Baker, T. B., Benowitz, N. L., Smith, S. S., & Jorenby, D. E. (2020). E-Cigarette dependence measures in dual users: Reliability and relations with dependence criteria and e-cigarette cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 22(5), 756–763. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerleau, O., Adkins, D., & Pertschuk, M. (1978). Predictors of outcome and recidivism in smoking cessation treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 3(2), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(78)90028-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers: a Journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc, 36(4), 717–731. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03206553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shiffman, S., Engberg, J. B., Paty, J. A., Perz, W. G., Gnys, M., Kassel, J. D., & Hickcox, M. (1997). A day at a time: Predicting smoking lapse from daily urge. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, T. T. M., Nahhas, G. J., Carpenter, M. J., Lindsay, M. S., Diaz, V. A., Leventhal, A. M., & Dahne, J. (2021). Intention to quit vaping among United States adolescents: A call for treatment development. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(1), 97–99. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2348
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soule, E. K., Lee, J. G. L., Egan, K. L., Bode, K. M., Desrosiers, A. C., Guy, M. C., Breland, A., & Fagan, P. (2020). I cannot live without my vape”: Electronic cigarette user-identified indicators of vaping dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 209, 107886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tackett, A. P., Lechner, W. V., Meier, E., Grant, D. M., Driskill, L. M., Tahirkheli, N. N., & Wagener, T. L. (2015). Biochemically verified smoking cessation and vaping beliefs among vape store customers. Addiction, 110(5), 868–874. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taggar, J. S., Lewis, S., Docherty, G., Bauld, L., McEwen, A., & Coleman, T. (2015). Do cravings predict smoking cessation in smokers calling a national quit line: Secondary analyses from a randomised trial for the utility of ‘urges to smoke’measures. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-015-0011-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Todd, M. (2004). Daily processes in stress and smoking: Effects of negative events, nicotine dependence, and gender. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 18(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.18.1.31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trtchounian, A., Williams, M., & Talbot, P. (2010). Conventional and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have different smoking characteristics. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 12(9), 905–912. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardavas, C. I., Anagnostopoulos, N., Kougias, M., Evangelopoulou, V., Connolly, G. N., & Behrakis, P. K. (2012). Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: Impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide. Chest, 141(6), 1400–1406. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verification SSoB (2002). Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 4(2), 149–159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003). Reflections on past behavior: A self‐report index of habit strength 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 1313–1330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinci, C., Copeland, A. L., & Carrigan, M. H. (2012). Exposure to negative affect cues and urge to smoke. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagener, T. L., Floyd, E. L., Stepanov, I., Driskill, L. M., Frank, S. G., Meier, E., Leavens, E. L., Tackett, A. P., Molina, N., & Queimado, L. (2017). Have combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users. Tobacco Control, 26(e1), e23–e28. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteman, M. C., Fowkes, F. G. R., Deary, I. J., & Lee, A. J. (1997). Hostility, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the general population. Social Science & Medicine, 44(8), 1089–1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00236-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiernik, E., Airagnes, G., Lequy, E., Gomajee, R., Melchior, M., Le Faou, A.-L., Limosin, F., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., & Lemogne, C. (2019). Electronic cigarette use is associated with depressive symptoms among smokers and former smokers: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the Constances cohort. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zvolensky, M. J., Mayorga, N. A., & Garey, L. (2018). Worry, anxiety sensitivity, and electronic cigarettes among adults. Psychiatry Research, 269, 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar