References
- Bernard S. Outcome from prehospital cardiac arrest in Mel-bourne, Australia. Emerg Med. 1998;10:25–9.
- Westfal RE, Reissman S, Doermg G. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an eight year New York City experience. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14:364–8.
- Kuisma M, Maata T. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Helsinki: Utstein style reporting. Heart. 1996;7:18–23.
- Wong TW, Yeung KC. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: two and a half years experience of an accident and emergency department in Hong Kong. J Accid Emerg Med. 1995;12:34–9.
- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. Hong Kong, 1999.
- Cummins RO, Chamberlain DA. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Utstein style. Circulation. 1991;84:960–75.
- American Heart Association. Adult ACLS. JAMA. 1992;268: 2199–235.
- Becker LB, Ostrander MP, Barrett J, Kondos GT. Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area: where are the survivors? Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:355–61.
- Kuisma M, Jaara K. Unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: is resuscitation worthwhile? Ann Emerg Med. 199730: 69–75.
- Montgomery WH, Brown DD, Hazinski MF, et al. Citizen response to cardiopulmonary emergencies. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:428–34.
- Cummins RO, Eisenberg M. Prehospital CPR: is it effective? JAMA. 1985;253:2408-12.
- Wik L, Steen PA, Bircher NG. Quality of bystander CPR influ-ences outcome after prehospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 1994;28:195–203.
- Van Hoeyweghen, Bossaert LL, Mullie A, et al. Quality and effi-ciency of bystander CPR. Resuscitation. 1993;26:47–52.
- Cummins RO, Eisenberg M, Hallstrom AP, Litwin PE. Survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with early initiation of car-diopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med. 19853: 114–9.
- Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Thies VVII, Pepe P. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the chain of survival concept. Circulation. 1991;83:1832–47.
- Eisenberg M, Horwood B, Cummins RO. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19: 238–43.
- Weisfeldt ML, Kerber RE, McGoldrick RP, et al. Public access to defibrillation. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14:684–92.
- Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, Clark LL, Spaite DW, Hardman RG. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after car-diac arrests in casinos. N Engl J Med. 2000343: 1206–9.
- American Heart Association. Part 4: The automated external defibrillator: key link in the chain of survival. Resuscitation. 2000;46:73–91.