T HE U SE OF E TOMIDATE FOR P REHOSPITAL R APID-SEQUENCE I NTUBATION

References

• Chesnut RI\4, Marshall LF, Klauber MR, et al. The role of sec-ondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury. J Trauma. 1993;34:216–22.
   Google Scholar
• Pigula FA, Wald SL, Shackford SR, Vane DW. The effect of hypotension and hypoxia on children with severe head injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:310-4; discussion 315–6.
   Google Scholar
• Austin PN. A literature review of the prehospital use of neuro-muscular blocking agents by air medical personnel to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Air Med J. 2000;19::90–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed DB, Snyder G, Hogue TD. Regional EMS experience with etomidate for facilitated intubation. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2002; 6:50–3.
   Google Scholar
• Davis DP, Kimbro TA, Vilke GM. The use of midazolam for pre-hospital rapid-sequence intubation may be associated with a dose-related increase in hypotension. Prehosp Emerg Care. 20015: 163–8.
   Google Scholar
• Bergen JM, Smith DC. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 1997; 15:221–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doenicke A. Etomidate, a new intravenous hypnotic. Acta Anesthesiol Belg. 19745(307–15.
   Google Scholar
• Giese JI„ Stanley 'TH. Etomidate: a new intravenous anesthetic induction agent. Pharmacotherapy. 19835: 251–8.
   Google Scholar
• Dundee JW, Zaccharias M. Etomidate. CU/T Top Anesth. 1979; 1:46–66.
   Google Scholar
• Holdcroft A, Morgan M, Whitman JG, et al. Effect of dose and premedication on induction complications with etomidate. Br J Anaesth. 1976;48:199–205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nimmo WS, Miller M. Pharmacology of etomidate. Contemp Anesthesiol Pract. 1983;7:83–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Famewo CE, Adugbesan CO. Clinical trial of etomidate. Can Anaesthet Soc J. 1977;24:35–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hendry JBG, Miller BM, Lees NW. Etomidate, a new solvent. Clinical evaluation. Anaesthesia. 1977;32:996–9.
   Google Scholar
• Plewa MC, King R, Johnson D, Adams D. Etomidate use during emergency intubation of trauma patients. Am J Emerg Med. 1997;15:98–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson MF, Brock-Utne JG, Bean P, et al. Anesthesia and intraocular pressure; a comparison of total anesthesia using eto-midate with conventional inhalation anesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1982;37:758–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moss E, Powell D, Gibson R1\4, et al. Effect of etomidate on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Br J Anaesthesiol. 197951: 347–51.
   Google Scholar
• Prior JGL, Hinds CJ, Williams J, et al. The use of etomidate in the management of severe head injury. Intensive Care Med. 1983;9:313–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kettler D, Sormtag H, Donath U, et al. Hemodynamics, myocar-dial dynamics, oxygen requirements, and oxygen consumption of the human heart during the induction of anaesthesia with etomidate. Anaesthesist. 1974;23:116–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doenicke A, Gabanyi D, Lemce H, et al. Circulatory dynamics and myocardial function following three short-acting IV hyp-notics: etomidate, propanidid, and methohodtal. Anaesthesist. 1974;23:108–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gooding JM, Corssen G. Effect of etomidate on the cardiovascu-lar system. Anesth Analg. 1977;56:717–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheffer GJ, Ten Voorde BJ, Karemaker JM, et al. Effects of thiopentone, etomidate, and propofol on beat to beat cardiovas-cular signals in man. Anaesthesia. 1993;48:849–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suresh MS, Solanki DR, Andrews JL et al. Comparison of eto-midate with thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia at caesar-ian section. Anesthesiology. 1986;65:A400.
   Google Scholar
• Kay B. A clinical assessment of the use of etomidate in children. Br J Anaesth. 1976;48:207–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schenarts CL, Burton J1-I, Riker RR. Adrenocortical dysfunction following etomidate induction in emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8:1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sear JW, Allen MC, Gales M, et al. Suppression by etomidate of normal cortisone response to anesthesia and surgery. Lancet. 1983;2:1028.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeCoster R, HelmersNoorduin H. Effect of etomidate oncortisol biosynthesis: site of action after induction of anesthesia. Acta Endocrinol. 1985;110:526–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deutschman CS. Anesthetic considerations in the use of corti-costeroids and antibiotics. In: Rogers MC, TinkerCovinoBG, et al., eds. Principles and practice of anesthesiology. St Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1993, pp 1585–6.
   Google Scholar
• Stuttmarm R, Allolio B, Becker A, et al. Etomidate versus etomi-date and hydrocortisone for anesthesia induction in abdominal surgical interventions. Anaesthesist. 198857: 576–82.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson ER, Fosnocht DE, Neff RJ. The use of etomidate for rapid-sequence intubation in the air medical setting. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001;5:142–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar