2,669
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Position Papers

EMS Management of Acute Stroke—Prehospital Triage (Resource Document to NAEMSP Position Statement)

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 313-317 | Received 19 Mar 2007, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

References

  • American Heart Association. Heart Disease andStroke Statistics—2004 Update. American Heart Association, Dallas, TX 2003
  • Lyden P D. Magnitude of the problem of stroke andthe significance of acute intervention. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification andTreatment of Acute Stroke. December 12–13, 1996
  • The National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke tPA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581–87
  • Hacke W, Donnan G, Fieschi C, Kaste M, von Kummer R, Broderick J P, Brott T, Frankel M, Grotta J C, Haley E C, Jr., Kwiatkowski T, Levine S R, Lewandowski C, Lu M, Lyden P, Marler J R, Patel S, Tilley B C, Albers G, Bluhmki E, Wilhelm M, Hamilton S. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of atlantis, ecass, andninds rt-pa stroke trials. Lancet 2004; 363: 768–74
  • Adams H P, Jr., Adams R J, Brott T, del Zoppo G J, Furlan A, Goldstein L B, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: a scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association. Stroke 2003; 34(4)1056–83
  • Marler J R, Tilley B C, Lu M, Brott T G, Lyden P C, Grotta J C, Broderick J P, Levine S R, Frankel M P, Horowitz S H, Haley E C, Jr, Lewandowski C A, Kwiatkowski T P. Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the ninds rt-pa stroke study. Neurology 2000; 55: 1649–55
  • Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, Gent M, Rowley H, Kase C, Pessin M, Ahuja A, Callahan F, Clark W M, Silver F, Rivera F. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA 1999; 282(21)2003–11
  • Smith W S, Sung G, Starkman S, Saver J L, Kidwell C S, Gobin Y P, Lutsep H L, Nesbit G M, Grobelny T, Rymer M M, Silverman I E, Higashida R T, Budzik R F, Marks M P. MERCI Trial Investigators. Safety andefficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. Stroke 2005; 36(7)1432–8
  • Gobin Y P, Starkman S, Duckwiler G R, Grobelny T, Kidwell C S, Jahan R, Pile-Spellman J, Segal A, Vinuela F, Saver J L. MERCI 1: a phase 1 study of Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke 2004; 35(12)2848–54, Epub 2004 Oct 28
  • The National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke tPA Stroke Study Group. A systems approach to immediate evaluation andmanagement of hyperacute stroke: experience at eight centers andimplications for community practice andpatient care. Stroke 1997; 28: 1530–40
  • Recommendations of the Prehospital Emergency Medical Care Systems Panel. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification andTreatment of Acute Stroke. December 12–13, 1996
  • Adams H P, Brott T G, Crowell R M, et al. AHA: guidelines for the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the stroke council. Stroke 1994; 25: 1901–11
  • Marler J. Proceedings of a national symposium on rapid identification andtreatment of acute stroke. National Symposium on Rapid Identification andTreatment of Acute Stroke. 1997
  • Kothari R U, Hacke W, Brott T, Dykstra E H, Furlan A, Koroshetz W, Marler J, Sayre M R. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation andemergency cardiovascular care. Stroke. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37: S137–44
  • Kothari R U, Jauch E, Brott T, Broderick J, Sauerbeck L, Khoury J, Liu T. Acute stroke: delays to presentation andemergency department evaluation. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 33(1)3–8
  • Schroeder E B, Rosamond W D, Morris D L, Evenson K R, Hinn A R. Determinants of use of emergency medical services in a population with stroke symptoms: the second delay in accessing stroke healthcare (dash ii) study. Stroke 2000; 31: 2591–96
  • Bratina P, Greenberg L, Pasteur W, Grotta J. Current emergency department management of stroke in Houston, Texas. Stroke 1995; 26: 409–14
  • Behrens S, Daffertshofer M, Interthal C, Ellinger K, van Ackern K, Hennerici M. Improvement in stroke quality management by an educational programme. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 13(4)262–66
  • Belvis R, Cocho D, Marti-Fabregas J, Pagonabarraga J, Aleu A, Garcia-Bargo M D, et al. Benefits of a prehospital stroke code system. Feasibility andefficacy in the first year of clinical practice in Barcelona, Spain. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005; 19(2)96–101
  • Morris D L, Rosamond W, Madden K, Schultz C, Hamilton S. Prehospital andemergency department delays after acute stroke: the Genentech Stroke Presentation Survey. Stroke 2000; 31(11)2585–90
  • Reeves M J, Hogan J G, Rafferty A P. Knowledge of stroke risk factors andwarning signs among michigan adults. Neurology 2002; 59: 1547–52
  • Williams L S, Bruno A, Rouch D, Marriott D J. Stroke patients' knowledge of stroke: influence on time to presentation. Stroke 1997; 28: 912–15
  • Kothari R, Sauerbeck L, Jauch E, et al. Patients' awareness of stroke signs, symptoms, andrisk factors. Stroke 1997; 28: 1871–75
  • Pancioli A M, Broderick J, Kothari R, et al. Public perception of stroke warning signs andknowledge of potential risk factors. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 279: 1288–92
  • Morgenstern L B, Bartholomew L K, Grotta J C, Staub L, King M, Chan W. Sustained benefit of a community andprofessional intervention to increase acute stroke therapy. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(18)2198–2202
  • Kaste M. Approval of alteplase in Europe: will it change stroke management?. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2(4)207–8
  • Kothari R U, Barsan W, Brott T, Broderick J, Ashbrock S. Frequency andaccuracy of prehospital diagnosis of acute stroke. Stroke 1995; 26(6)937–41
  • Kothari R U, Pancioli A, Liu T, Brott T, Broderick J. Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale: reproducibility andvalidity. Ann Emerg. Med 1999; 33(4)373–8
  • Kidwell C S, Starkman S, Eckstein M, Weems K, Saver J L. Identifying stroke in the field. Prospective validation of the los angeles prehospital stroke screen (LAPSS). Stroke 2000; 31(1)71–6
  • Llanes J N, Kidwell C S, Starkman S, Leary M C, Eckstein M, Saver J L. The los angeles motor scale (LAMS): a new measure to characterize stroke severity in the field. Prehosp Emerg Care 2004; 8(1)46–50
  • Smith W S, Isaacs M, Corry M D. Accuracy of paramedic identification of stroke andtransient ischemic attack in the field. Prehosp Emerg Care 1998; 2(3)170–5
  • Kidwell C S, Saver J L, Schubert G B, Eckstein M, Starkman S. Design andretrospective analysis of the los angeles prehospital stroke screen. Prehosp Emerg Care 1998; 2(4)267–73
  • Bray J E, Martin J, Cooper G, Barger B, Bernard S, Bladin C. Paramedic identification of stroke: community validation of the melbourne ambulance stroke screen. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005; 20(1)28–33
  • Bray J E, Martin J, Cooper G, Barger B, Bernard S, Bladin C. An interventional study to improve paramedic diagnosis of stroke. Prehosp Emerg Care 2005; 9(3)297–302
  • Porteous G H, Corry M D, Smith W S. Emergency medical services dispatches identification of stroke andtransient ischemic attack. Prehosp Emerg Med 1999; 3(3)211–6
  • Suyama J, Crocco T. Prehospital care of the stroke patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2002; 20(3)537–52
  • Ellison S R, Gratton M C, Schwab R A, Ma O J. Prehospital dispatch assessment of stroke. Mo Med 2004; 101(1)64–6
  • Liferidge A T, Brice J H, Overby B A, Evenson K R. Ability of laypersons to use the Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale. Prehosp Emerg Care 2004; 8(4)384–7
  • Kothari R U, Brott T, Broderick J P, Hamilton C A. Emergency physicians. Accuracy in the diagnosis of stroke. Stroke 1995; 26: 2238–41
  • Kothari R, Hall K, Brott T, Broderick J. Early stroke recognition: developing an out-of-hospital NIH stroke scale. Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4: 986–90
  • Ioannidis J P, Salem D, Chew P W, Lau J. Accuracy andclinical effect of out-of-hospital electrocardiography in the diagnosis of acute cardiac ischemia: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37(5)461–470
  • Goodacre S, Kelly A M, Kerr D. Potential impact of interventions to reduce times to thrombolysis. Emerg Med J 2004; 21(5)625–29
  • Antman E M, Anbe D T, Armstrong P W, Bates E R, Green L A, Hand M, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 2004; 110(9)e82–292
  • Improving the Chain of Recovery for Acute Stroke in Your Community: A National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke Symposium, 2002. Department of Health andHuman Services, Bethesda, MD 2003
  • Gomez C R, Malkoff M D, Sauer C M, Tulyapronchote R, Burch C M, Banet G A. Code stroke. An attempt to shorten inhospital therapeutic delays. Stroke 1994; 25(10)1920–23
  • Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina C A, Abilleira S, Montaner J, Garcia Alfranca F, Jimenez Fabrega X, et al. [Stroke code impact on the efficacy of thrombolytic treatment]. Med Clin (Barc) 2003; 120(2)47–51
  • Morgenstern L B, Staub L, Chan W, Wein T H, Bartholomew L K, King M, et al. Improving delivery of acute stroke therapy: The T LL Temple Foundation Stroke Project. Stroke 2002; 33(1)160–66
  • Weir N U, Buchan A M. A study of the workload andeffectiveness of a comprehensive acute stroke service. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76(6)863–65
  • Wojner-Alexandrov A W, Alexandrov A V, Rodrigues D, Persse D, Grotta J C. Houston Paramedic andEmergency Stroke Treatment andOutcomes Study (HoPSTO). Stroke 2005; 36: 1512–18
  • Gropen T I, Gagliano P J, Blake C A, Sacco R L, Kwiatkowski T, Richmond N J, et al. New York State Department of Health Stroke Center Designation Project abstract. Stroke 2005; 36: 436
  • Floccare D J, Bass R R, Hankins D, et al. Special considerations in access to care andtransport. Presented at the Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification andTreatment of Acute Stroke. December 12–13, 1996
  • Langhorne P, Williams B O, Gilchrist W, et al. Do stroke units save lives?. Lancet 1993; 342: 395–98
  • Alberts M J, Hademenos G, et al. Recommendations for the establishment of primary stroke centers. Brain Attack Coalition. JAMA 2000; 283(23)3102–9
  • Hacke W, Kaste M, et al. European Stroke Initiative: recommendations for stroke management. Organisation of stroke care. J Neurol 2000; 247(9)732–48
  • Lattimore S U, Chalela J, Davis L, DeGraba T, Ezzeddine M, Haymore J, Nyquist P, Baird A E, Hallenbeck J, Warach S. NINDS Suburban Hospital Stroke Center. Impact of establishing a primary stroke center at a community hospital on the use of thrombolytic therapy: the NINDS Suburban Hospital Stroke Center experience. Stroke 2003; 34(6)e55–7
  • Alberts M J, Latchaw R E, et al. Recommendations for comprehensive stroke centers: a consensus statement from the Brain Attack Coalition. Stroke 2005; 36(7)1597–616
  • Schwamm L H, Pancioli A, Acker J E, 3rd, et al. Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems. Stroke 2005; 36(3)690–703
  • Silliman S L, Quinn B, Huggett V, Merino J G. Use of a field-to-stroke center helicopter transport program to extend thrombolytic therapy to rural residents. Stroke 2003; 34(3)729–33
  • Silbergleit R, Scott P A, Lowell M J. Cost-effectiveness of helicopter transport of stroke patients for thrombolysis. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10(9)966–72
  • Chalela J A, Kasner S E, Jauch E C, Pancioli A M. Safety of air medical transportation after tissue plasminogen activator administration in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999; 30(11)2366–8
  • Thomas S H, Kociszewski C, Schwamm L H, Wedel S K. The evolving role of helicopter emergency medical services in the transfer of stroke patients to specialized centers. Prehosp Emerg Care 2002; 6(2)210–4
  • Conroy M B, Rodriguez S U, Kimmel S E, Kasner S E. Helicopter transfer offers a potential benefit to patients with acute stroke. Stroke 1999; 30(12)2580–4

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.