References
- General Accounting Office. Hospital emergency departments—crowded conditions vary among hospitals andcommunities. United States General Accounting Office, Washington, DC 2003, GAO-03-460[March 2003]
- Joint Work Group on Emergency Department Utilization. Trends in Maryland hospital emergency department utilization: an analysis of issues andrecommended strategies to address crowding. 2002, http://mhcc.maryland.gov/hospital_services/acute/emergencyroom/ed_crowding_122006_report.pdf
- Schneider S, Zwemer F, Doniger A, Dick R, Czapranski T, Davis E. Rochester, New York: a decade of emergency department overcrowding. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 1044–50
- Schull M J, Szalai J P, Schwartz B, Redelmeier D A. Emergency department overcrowding following systematic hospital restructuring: trends at twenty hospitals over ten years. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 1037–43
- McManus M. Emergency department overcrowding in Massachusetts: making room in our hospitals. 12. The Massachusetts Health Policy Forum, Boston, MA 2001, Issue Brief
- Derlet R W, Richards J R, Kravitz R L. Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 151–5
- Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System. Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point, 1st ed. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC 2006
- Lagoe R J, Hunt R C, Nadle P A, Kohlbrenner J C. Utilization andimpact of ambulance diversion at the community level. Prehosp Emerg Care 2002; 6: 191–8
- Scheulen J J, Li G, Kelen G D. Impact of ambulance diversion policies in urban, suburban, andrural areas of central Maryland. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 36–40
- Bazzoli G J, MacKenzie E J. Trauma centers in the United States: identification andexamination of key characteristics. J Trauma 1995; 38: 103–10
- Bazzoli G J, Madura K J, Cooper G F, MacKenzie E J, Maier R V. Progress in the development of trauma systems in the United States. Results of a national survey. JAMA 1995; 273: 395–401
- Diggle P J, Liang K, Zeger S L. Analysis of Longitudinal Data, 1st ed. Oxford University Press, New York 1994
- Schull M J, Lazier K, Vermeulen M, Mawhinney S, Morrison L J. Emergency department contributors to ambulance diversion: a quantitative analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 41: 467–76
- Ma M H, MacKenzie E J, Alcorta R, Kelen G D. Compliance with prehospital triage protocols for major trauma patients. J Trauma 1999; 46: 171
- Norton R L, Bartkus E A, Neely K W, Schriver J A, Hedges J R. Compliance with closest hospital transport protocol. Prehosp Disaster Med 199; 7: 243–9
- Lerner E B, Moscati R M. The golden hour: scientific fact or medical “urban legend?”. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 758–60
- Silka P A, Geiderman J M, Kim J Y. Diversion of ALS ambulances: characteristics, causes, andeffects in a large urban system. Prehosp Emerg Care 2001; 5: 23–8
- Schull M J, Morrison L J, Vermeulen M, Redelmeier D A. Emergency department gridlock andout-of-hospital delays for cardiac patients. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10: 709–16
- Vilke G M, Brown L, Skogland P, Simmons C, Guss D A. Approach to decreasing emergency department ambulance diversion hours. J Emerg Med 2003; 26: 189–92
- Redelmeier D A, Blair P J, Collins W E. No place to unload: a preliminary analysis of the prevalence, risk factors, andconsequences of ambulance diversion. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23: 43–7