Dynamic Course of Clinical State Transitions in Patients Undergoing Advanced Life Support after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

References

• Hawkes C, Booth S, Ji C, Brace-McDonnell SJ, Whittington A, Mapstone J, Cooke MW, Deakin CD, Gale CP, Fothergill R, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in England. Resuscitation. 2017;110:133–40. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.10.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soar J, Böttiger BW, Carli P, Couper K, Deakin CD, Djärv T, Lott C, Olasveengen T, Paal P, Pellis T, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: adult advanced life support. Resuscitation. 2021;161:115–51. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordseth T, Bergum D, Edelson DP, Olasveengen TM, Eftestøl T, Wiseth R, Abella BS, Skogvoll E. Clinical state transitions during advanced life support (ALS) in in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2013;84(9):1238–44. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.04.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordseth T, Olasveengen TM, Kvaloy JT, Wik L, Steen PA, Skogvoll E. Dynamic effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with initial pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Resuscitation. 2012;83(8):946–52. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.02.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogvoll E, Eftestøl T, Gundersen K, Kvaløy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM, Steen PA. Dynamics and state transitions during resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2008;78(1):30–7. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.02.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonaglia V, Pegani C, Caggegi GD, Patsoura A, Xu V, Zambon M, Sanson G. Impact of transitory ROSC events on neurological outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Clin Med. 2019;8(7):926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stub D, Nehme Z, Bernard S, Lijovic M, Kaye DM, Smith K. Exploring which patients without return of spontaneous circulation following ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be transported to hospital? Resuscitation. 2014;85(3):326–31. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.12.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari S, Doan J, Blackwood J, Coult J, Kudenchuk P, Sherman L, Rea T, Kwok H. Rhythm profiles and survival after out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2018;125:22–7. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.01.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvaløy JT, Skogvoll E, Eftestøl T, Gundersen K, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM, Steen PA. Which factors influence spontaneous state transitions during resuscitation? Resuscitation. 2009;80(8):863–9. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.04.042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stecher FS, Olsen JA, Stickney RE, Wik L. Transthoracic impedance used to evaluate performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2008;79(3):432–7. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losert H, Risdal M, Sterz F, Nysaether J, Köhler K, Eftestøl T, Wandaller C, Myklebust H, Uray T, Aase SO, et al. Thoracic-impedance changes measured via defibrillator pads can monitor signs of circulation. Resuscitation. 2007;73(2):221–8. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.10.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losert H, Risdal M, Sterz F, Nysaether J, Köhler K, Eftestøl T, Wandaller C, Myklebust H, Uray T, Sodeck G, et al. Thoracic impedance changes measured via defibrillator pads can monitor ventilation in critically ill patients and during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(9):2399–405. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000235666.40378.60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz J, Alonso E, Aramendi E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T, Ayala U, González-Otero D. Reliable extraction of the circulation component in the thoracic impedance measured by defibrillation pads. Resuscitation. 2013;84(10):1345–52. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cromie NA, Allen JD, Turner C, Anderson JM, Adgey AA. The impedance cardiogram recorded through two electrocardiogram/defibrillator pads as a determinant of cardiac arrest during experimental studies. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(5):1578–84. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318170a03b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellis T, Bisera J, Tang W, Weil MH. Expanding automatic external defibrillators to include automated detection of cardiac, respiratory, and cardiorespiratory arrest. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(4 Suppl):S176–S178. doi:10.1097/00003246-200204001-00012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babbs CF, Kemeny AE, Quan W, Freeman G. A new paradigm for human resuscitation research using intelligent devices. Resuscitation. 2008;77(3):306–15. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.12.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins GD, Jacobs IG, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bossaert LL, Brett SJ, Chamberlain D, de Caen AR, et al. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update of the Utstein resuscitation registry templates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2015;96:328–40. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs I, Nadkarni V, Bahr J, Berg RA, Billi JE, Bossaert L, Cassan P, Coovadia A, D'Este K, Finn J, et al. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries. A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the international liaison committee on resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2004;63(3):233–49. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil KD, Halperin HR, Becker LB. Cardiac arrest: resuscitation and reperfusion. Circ Res. 2015;116(12):2041–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.304495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braumann S, Nettersheim FS, Hohmann C, Tichelbäcker T, Hellmich M, Sabashnikov A, Djordjevic I, Adler J, Nies RJ, Mehrkens D, et al. How long is long enough? Good neurologic outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors despite prolonged resuscitation: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(11):1402–10. doi:10.1007/s00392-020-01640-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youness H, Al Halabi T, Hussein H, Awab A, Jones K, Keddissi J. Review and outcome of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Res Pract. 2016;2016:7384649. doi:10.1155/2016/7384649.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merchant RM, Topjian AA, Panchal AR, Cheng A, Aziz K, Berg KM, Lavonas EJ, Magid DJ, Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16_suppl_2):S337–S357. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000918.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welbourn C, Efstathiou N. How does the length of cardiopulmonary resuscitation affect brain damage in patients surviving cardiac arrest? A systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018;26(1):77. doi:10.1186/s13049-018-0476-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norvik A, Unneland E, Bergum D, Buckler DG, Bhardwaj A, Eftestøl T, Aramendi E, Nordseth T, Abella BS, Kvaløy JT, et al. Pulseless electrical activity in in-hospital cardiac arrest - a crossroad for decisions. Resuscitation. 2022;176:117–24. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.04.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperin HR, Ambinder DI, Oberdier MT. New insights into cardiac arrest from pulseless electrical activity. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2022;8(10):1271–3. doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2022.07.019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JH, Ryoo HW, Kim J-Y, Ahn JY, Moon S, Lee DE, Mun YH, Son JW. QRS complex characteristics and patient outcomes in out-of-hospital pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest. Emerg Med J. 2021;38(1):53–8. doi:10.1136/emermed-2020-209623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urteaga J, Aramendi E, Elola A, Irusta U, Idris A. A machine learning model for the prognosis of pulseless electrical activity during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Entropy. 2021;23(7):847. doi:10.3390/e23070847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabjohns J, Quan T, Boniface K, Pourmand A. Pseudo-pulseless electrical activity in the emergency department, an evidence based approach. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(2):371–5. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver TI, Sadiq U, Grossman SA. Pulseless electrical activity. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Skjeflo GW, Skogvoll E, Loennechen JP, Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Nordseth T. The effect of intravenous adrenaline on electrocardiographic changes during resuscitation in patients with initial pulseless electrical activity in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2019;136:119–25. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.01.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neset A, Nordseth T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Olasveengen TM. Effects of adrenaline on rhythm transitions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013;57(10):1260–7. doi:10.1111/aas.12184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellsén G, Rawshani A, Skoglund K, Bergh N, Råmunddal T, Myredal A, Helleryd E, Taha A, Mahmoud A, Hjärtstam N, et al. Predicting recurrent cardiac arrest in individuals surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;184:109678. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.109678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung YH, Jeung KW, Lee HY, Lee BK, Lee DH, Shin J, Lee HJ, Cho IS, Kim Y-M. Rearrest during hospitalisation in adult comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: risk factors and prognostic impact, and predictors of favourable long-term outcomes. Resuscitation. 2022;170:150–9. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toy J, Tolles J, Bosson N, Hauck A, Abramson T, Sanko S, Kazan C, Eckstein M, Gausche-Hill M, Schlesinger SA, et al. Association between a post-resuscitation care bundle and the odds of field rearrest after successful resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a pre/post study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2023:1–9. Epub ahead of print. doi:10.1080/10903127.2023.2172633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo J-H, Cho J-S, Lee CA, Kim GW, Kim YJ, Moon HJ, Park YJ, Lee KM, Jeong WJ, Choi IK, et al. Survival and rearrest in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with prehospital return of spontaneous circulation: a prospective multi-regional observational study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021;25(1):59–66. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1733716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita A, Kurosaki H, Takada K, Tanaka Y, Nishi T, Wato Y, Inaba H. Prehospital epinephrine as a potential factor associated with prehospital rearrest. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020;24(6):741–50. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1725197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar