Wilderness Paramedic—A Practice Analysis

References

• Shah MN. The formation of the emergency medical services system. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(3):414–23. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.048793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Outdoor Industry Association, Outdoor Foundation. 2022 outdoor participation trends report. Boulder (CO): Outdoor Industry Association; 2022 Jan 1 [accessed 2023 Oct 24]. https://outdoorindustry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/2022-Outdoor-Participation-Trends-Report-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. National Park Service. Visitation numbers. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior; 2023 Feb 27 [accessed 2023 Oct 24]. https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/visitation-numbers.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman WD. The development and current status of wilderness prehospital emergency care in the United States. J Wilderness Med. 1990;1(2):93–102. doi:10.1580/0953-9859-1.2.93.
   Google Scholar
• Millin MG, Hawkins SC. Wilderness emergency medical services systems. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2017;35(2):377–89. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warden CR, Millin MG, Hawkins SC, Bradley RN. Medical direction of wilderness and other operational emergency medical services programs. Wilderness Environ Med. 2012;23(1):37–43. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2011.09.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins SC, Millin MG, Smith WR. Care in the wilderness. In: Cone DC, Brice JH, Delbridge TR, Myers JB, editors. Emergency medical services: clinical practice and systems oversight. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell; 2015. p. 377–89.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins SC. WEMS systems. In Hawkins SC. Wilderness EMS, editors. Emergency medical services: clinical practice and systems oversight. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer; 2018. p. 21–59.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman TI, Knopp R, Webster T. The Parkmedic Program: prehospital care in the national parks. Ann Emerg Med. 1981;10(3):156–60. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(81)80384-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millin MG, Johnson DE, Schimelpfenig T, Conover K, Sholl M, Busko J, Alter R, Smith W, Symonds J, Taillac P, et al. Medical oversight, educational core content, and proposed scopes of practice of wilderness EMS providers: a joint project developed by wilderness EMS educators, medical directors, and regulators using a Delphi approach. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(6):673–81. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1335815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millin MG, Hawkins SC, Demond A, Stiller G, McGinnis HD, Rogers JB, Smith WR. Wilderness Emergency Medical Services Medical Director Course: core content developed with Delphi technique. Wilderness Environ Med. 2015;26(2):256–60. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.07.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association of State EMS Officials. National EMS scope of practice model 2019. Washington (DC): The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2019 Feb [accessed 2023 Oct 25]. https://www.ems.gov/assets/National_EMS_Scope_of_Practice_Model_2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. State EMS agency map. Detroit (MI): National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians [accessed 2023 Oct 25]. https://www.nremt.org/resources/state-ems-offices.
   Google Scholar
• Panchal AR, Rivard MK, Cash RE, Corley JP, Jean-Baptiste M, Chrzan K, Gugiu MR. Methods and implementation of the 2019 EMS practice analysis. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2022;26(2):212–22. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1856985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Board of Specialty Certification. About the IBSC & the BCCTPC. Red Rock (TX): International Board of Specialty Certification [accessed 2023 Oct 25]. https://www.ibscertifications.org/about/about-us.
   Google Scholar
• Clark JR, Pierce GW. Paramedic Board Certification: the International Board of Specialty Certification turns 20. Air Med J. 2020;39(5):334–9. doi:10.1016/j.amj.2020.07.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education. Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington (DC): american Educational Research Association; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• National Commission for Certifying Agencies. Standards for the accreditation of certification programs. Washington (DC): Institute for Credentialing Excellence; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer AC, Althouse LA. Validity evidence for the general pediatrics board certification examinations: a practice analysis. J Pediatr. 2018;203:4–6.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JC, Kazerooni EA, Bosma JL, Gerdeman AM, Becker GJ, Vydareny KH. Practice analysis: a basis for content validity for American Board of Radiology Examinations in diagnostic radiology. J Am Coll Radiol. 2012;9(2):121–8. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2011.08.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maymi M, Madden M, Bauer C, Reuter-Rice K. Acute care pediatric nurse practitioner: the 2018 practice analysis. J Pediatr Health Care. 2022;36(2):e11–e21. doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.09.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Special Committee on Licensing Examinations. Report on licensing examinations. Washington (DC): Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States; 2001 Apr 30 [accessed 2023 Oct 25]. www.fsmb.org/siteassets/advocacy/policies/report-on-licensing-examinations.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Counselman FL, Kowalenko T, Marco CA, Joldersma KB, Korte RC, Reisdorff EJ. The relationship between ACGME duty hour requirements and performance on the American Board of Emergency Medicine qualifying examination. J Grad Med Educ. 2016;8(4):558–62. doi:10.4300/JGME-D-15-00591.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chudnofsky CR, Reisdorff EJ, Joldersma KB, Ruff KC, Goyal DG, Gorgas DL. Early validity and reliability evidence for the American Board of Emergency Medicine Virtual Oral Examination. AEM Educ Train. 2023;7(2):e10850. doi:10.1002/aet2.10850.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Angoff WH. Scales, norms, and equivalent scores. Princeton (NJ): Educational Testing Service; 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Bowers JJ, Shindoll RR. ACT research report series: a comparison of the Angoff, Beuk, and Hofstee methods for setting a passing score. Iowa City (IA): The American College Testing Program; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Beuk CH. A method for reaching a compromise between absolute and relative standards in examinations. J Educ Meas. 1984;21(2):147–52. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00226.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med. 2012;22(3):276–82. doi:10.11613/BM.2012.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar