Predator types, urbanization, and tree cover drive top-down control of herbivorous and carnivorous preys in an urban agroecosystem

References

• Aronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, et al. 2014. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proc Biol Sci. 281(1780):20133330. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avelino J, Romero-Gurdián A, Cruz-Cuellar HF, Declerck FAJ. 2012. Landscape context and scale differentially impact coffee leaf rust, coffee berry borer, and coffee root-knot nematodes. Ecol Appl. 22(2):584–596. doi: 10.1890/11-0869.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belgrad BA, Griffen BD. 2016. Predator–prey interactions mediated by prey personality and predator hunting mode. Proc R Soc B. 283(1828):20160408. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertness MD, Callaway R. 1994. Positive interactions in communities. Trends Ecol Evol. 9(5):191–193. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90088-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhm SM, Wells K, Kalko EKV, Fenton B. 2011. Top-down control of herbivory by birds and bats in the canopy of temperate broad-leaved oaks (Quercus robur). PLoS One. 6(4):e17857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravo MR. 2017. Urbanization in the Philippines and its influence on agriculture. In: Yokohari M, Murakami A, Hara Y Tsuchiya K, editors. Sustainable landscape planning in selected urban regions. Tokyo: Springer Japan; pp. 97–110. doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-56445-4_9.
   Google Scholar
• Brose U, Archambault P, Barnes AD, Bersier L-F, Boy T, Canning-Clode J, Conti E, Dias M, Digel C, Dissanayake A, et al. 2019. Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems. Nat Ecol Evol. 3(6):919–927. doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-0899-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger HF, Hylander K, Ayalew B, van Dam NM, Mendesil E, Schedl A, Shimales T, Zewdie B, Tack AJM. 2022. Bottom-up and top-down drivers of herbivory on Arabica coffee along an environmental and management gradient. Basic Appl Ecol. 59:21–32. doi: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.12.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 2004. Multimodel inference: Understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol Methods Res. 33(2):261–304. doi: 10.1177/0049124104268644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chace JF, Walsh JJ. 2006. Urban effects on native avifauna: a review. Landsc Urban Plan. 74(1):46–69. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.08.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase JM, Abrams PA, Grover JP, Diehl S, Chesson P, Holt RD, Richards SA, Nisbet RM, Case TJ. 2002. The interaction between predation and competition: a review and synthesis. Ecol Lett. 5(2):302–315. doi: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00315.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa A, Coroller S, Salvidio S. 2020. Comparing day and night predation rates on Lizard-like cLay models. Herpetol Conserv Biol. 15:198–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creel S, Christianson D. 2008. Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Trends Ecol Evol. 23(4):194–201. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cupitra-Rodríguez J, Cruz-Bernate L, Montoya-Lerma J. 2018. Degree of urbanization and predation pressure on artificial lepidopteran caterpillars in Cali, Colombia. bioRχiv. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493924v1.abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Dale AG, Frank SD, Bond-Lamberty B. 2014. The effects of urban warming on herbivore abundance and street tree condition. PLoS One. 9(7):e102996. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies AB, Cromsigt JPGM, Tambling CJ, le Roux E, Vaughn N, Druce DJ, Marneweck DG, Asner GP. 2021. Environmental controls on African herbivore responses to landscapes of fear. Oikos. 130:171–186. doi: 10.1111/oik.07559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denan N, Wan Zaki WM, Norhisham AR, Sanusi R, Nasir DM, Nobilly F, Ashton-Butt A, Lechner AM, Azhar B. 2020. Predation of potential insect pests in oil palm plantations, rubber tree plantations, and fruit orchards. Ecol Evol. 10(2):654–661. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eötvös CB, Lövei GL, Magura T. 2020. Predation pressure on sentinel insect prey along a riverside urbanization gradient in Hungary. Insects. 11(2):97. doi: 10.3390/insects11020097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eötvös CB, Magura T, Lövei GL. 2018. A meta-analysis indicates reduced predation pressure with increasing urbanization. Landsc Urban Plan. 180:54–59. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyyüboğlu K, Akdağ S, Yildirim H, Alola AA. 2022. The causal trend of energy intensity and urbanization in emerging countries. Lett Spat Resour Sci. 15(3):653–663. doi: 10.1007/s12076-022-00317-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faeth SH, Bang C, Saari S. 2011. Urban biodiversity: patterns and mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1223(1):69–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05925.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrante M, Lo Cacciato A, Lövei GL. 2014. Quantifying predation pressure along an urbanisation gradient in Denmark using artificial caterpillars. Eur J Entomol. 111(5):649–654. doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira AS, Faria RG. 2021. Predation risk is a function of seasonality rather than habitat complexity in a tropical semiarid forest. Sci Rep. 11(1):16670. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96216-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frid A, Dill LM. 2002. Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conserv Ecol. 6(1):11. doi: 10.5751/ES-00404-060111.
   Google Scholar
• Gallucci M. 2019. Gamlj: general analyses for linear models. [jamovi module]. Version.
   Google Scholar
• Gerten C, Fina S, Rusche K. 2019. The sprawling planet: Simplifying the measurement of global urbanization trends. Front Environ Sci. 7:140. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2019.00140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill J, Sutherland W. 2000. Predicting the consequences of human disturbance from behavioural decisions. In: Gosling L Sutherland W, editors. Behaviour and conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp. 51–64.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg DE, Barton AM. 1992. Patterns and consequences of interspecific competition in natural communities: A review of field experiments with plants. Am Nat. 139(4):771–801. doi: 10.1086/285357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GraphPad Prism. 2022. GraphPad software, Inc. San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Gray JS. 1989. Effects of environmental stress on species rich assemblages. Biol J Linn Soc. 37(1–2):19–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb02003.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heithaus MR, Wirsing AJ, Burkholder D, Thomson J, Dill LM. 2009. Towards a predictive framework for predator risk effects: the interaction of landscape features and prey escape tactics. J Anim Ecol. 78(3):556–562. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01512.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper DU, Chapin FS III, Ewel JJ, Hector A, Inchausti P, Lavorel S, Lawton JH, Lodge DM, Loreau M, Naeem S, et al. 2005. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge. Ecol Monogr. 75(1):3–35. doi: 10.1890/04-0922.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe A, Lövei GL, Nachman G. 2009. Dummy caterpillars as a simple method to assess predation rates on invertebrates in a tropical agroecosystem. Entomol Exp Appl. 131(3):325–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00860.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Jamovi Project. 2023. Jamovi (Version 2.3.22) [Computer Software]
   Google Scholar
• Jim CY, Liu HT. 2001. Species diversity of three major urban forest types in Guangzhou City, China. Forest Ecol Manag. 146(1–3):99–114. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00449-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karra K, Kontgis C, Statman-Weil Z, Mazzariello J.C, Mathis M, Brumby S.P. 2021. Global land use/land cover with Sentinel 2 and deep learning. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; July 11-16, 2021; Brussels, Belgium; p. 4704–4707.
   Google Scholar
• Klein A-M, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T. 2002. Predator–prey ratios on cocoa along a land-use gradient in Indonesia. Biodivers Conserv. 11(4):683–693. doi: 10.1023/A:1015548426672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korányi D, Egerer M, Rusch A, Szabó B, Batáry P. 2022. Urbanization hampers biological control of insect pests: A global meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ. 834:155396. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlov MV, Lanta V, Zverev V, Rainio K, Kunavin MA, Zvereva EL. 2017. Decreased losses of woody plant foliage to insects in large urban areas are explained by bird predation. Glob Change Biol. 23(10):4354–4364. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leles B, Xiao X, Pasion BO, Nakamura A, Tomlinson KW. 2017. Does plant diversity increase top-down control of herbivorous insects in tropical forest? Oikos. 126(8):1142–1149. doi: 10.1111/oik.03562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lövei GL, Ferrante M. 2017. A review of the sentinel prey method as a way of quantifying invertebrate predation under field conditions. Insect Sci. 24(4):528–542. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low PA, Sam K, McArthur C, Posa MRC, Hochuli DF. 2014. Determining predator identity from attack marks left in model caterpillars: guidelines for best practice. Entomol Exp Appl. 152(2):120–126. doi: 10.1111/eea.12207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R. 2001. A historical perspective on urban bird research: trends, terms, and approaches. In: Marzluff J, Bowman R Donnelly R, editors. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston (MA): Springer US; pp. 1–17. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9_1.
   Google Scholar
• Mayorga I, Bichier P, Philpott SM. 2020. Local and landscape drivers of bird abundance, species richness, and trait composition in urban agroecosystems. Urban Ecosyst. 23(3):495–505. doi: 10.1007/s11252-020-00934-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell MJ, Hahs AK. 2008. The use of gradient analysis studies in advancing our understanding of the ecology of urbanizing landscapes: current status and future directions. Landsc Ecol. 23(10):1143–1155. doi: 10.1007/s10980-008-9253-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney ML. 2008. Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals. Urban Ecosyst. 11(2):161–176. doi: 10.1007/s11252-007-0045-4.
   Google Scholar
• Medeiros HR, Martello F, Almeida EAB, Mengual X, Harper KA, Campanholo Grandinete Y, Metzger JP, Righi CA, Ribeiro MC. 2019. Landscape structure shapes the diversity of beneficial insects in coffee producing landscapes. Biol Conserv. 238:108193. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.07.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer ST, Heuss L, Feldhaar H, Weisser WW, Gossner MM. 2019. Land-use components, abundance of predatory arthropods, and vegetation height affect predation rates in grasslands. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 270–271:84–92. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.10.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles LS, Breitbart ST, Wagner HH, Johnson MTJ. 2019. Urbanization shapes the ecology and evolution of plant-arthropod herbivore interactions. Front Ecol Evol. 7:310. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP. 2009. Successful city dwellers: a comparative study of the ecological characteristics of urban birds in the Western Palearctic. Oecologia. 159(4):849–858. doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-1259-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nighswander GP, Sinclair JS, Dale AG, Qiu J, Iannone BV III. 2021. Importance of plant diversity and structure for urban garden pest resistance. Landsc Urban Plan. 215:104211. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordberg EJ, Schwarzkopf L. 2019. Predation risk is a function of alternative prey availability rather than predator abundance in a tropical savanna woodland ecosystem. Sci Rep. 9(1):7718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44159-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otoshi MD, Bichier P, Philpott SM. 2015. Local and landscape correlates of spider activity density and species richness in urban gardens. Environ Entomol. 44(4):1043–1051. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvv098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paniw M, García-Callejas D, Lloret F, Bassar RD, Travis J, Godoy O. 2023. Pathways to global-change effects on biodiversity: new opportunities for dynamically forecasting demography and species interactions. Proc R Soc B. 290(1993):20221494. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pena JC, Aoki-Gonçalves F, Dáttilo W, Ribeiro MC, MacGregor-Fors I. 2021. Caterpillars’ natural enemies and attack probability in an urbanization intensity gradient across a Neotropical streetscape. Ecol Indic. 128:107851. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pena JCDC, Martello F, Ribeiro MC, Armitage RA, Young RJ, Rodrigues M. 2017. Street trees reduce the negative effects of urbanization on birds. PLoS One. 12(3):e0174484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philpott SM, Cotton J, Bichier P, Friedrich RL, Moorhead LC, Uno S, Valdez M. 2014. Local and landscape drivers of arthropod abundance, richness, and trophic composition in urban habitats. Urban Ecosyst. 17(2):513–532. doi: 10.1007/s11252-013-0333-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Boone CG, Groffman PM, Irwin E, Kaushal SS, Marshall V, McGrath PP, Nilon CH, et al. 2011. Urban ecological systems: Scientific foundations and a decade of progress. J Environ Manage. 92(3):331–362. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posa MRC, Sodhi NS, Koh LP. 2007. Predation on artificial nests and caterpillar models across a disturbance gradient in Subic Bay, Philippines. J Trop Ecol. 23(1):27–33. doi: 10.1017/S0266467406003671.
   Google Scholar
• QGIS Development Team. 2022. QGIS geographic information system. Open source geospatial foundation project. http://qgis.osgeo.org
   Google Scholar
• Richards LA, Coley PD. 2007. Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest. Oikos. 116(1):31–40. doi: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.15043.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roslin T, Hardwick B, Novotny V, Petry W, Andrew NR, Asmus A, Barrio IC, Basset Y, Boesing AL, Bonebrake TC, et al. 2017. Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations. Science. 356(6339):742–744. doi: 10.1126/science.aaj1631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Guerra B, Renton K, Dirzo R. 2012. Consequences of fragmentation of tropical moist forest for birds and their role in predation of herbivorous insects. Biotropica. 44(2):228–236. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00795.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seress G, Hammer T, Bókony V, Vincze E, Preiszner B, Pipoly I, Sinkovics C, Evans KL, Liker A. 2018. Impact of urbanization on abundance and phenology of caterpillars and consequences for breeding in an insectivorous bird. Ecol Appl. 28(5):1143–1156. doi: 10.1002/eap.1730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seto KC, Güneralp B, Hutyra LR. 2012. Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109(40):16083–16088. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1211658109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair A, Mduma S, Brashares J. 2003. Patterns of predation in a diverse predator–prey system. Nature. 425(6955):288–290. doi: 10.1038/nature01934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sol D, Lapiedra O, González-Lagos C. 2013. Behavioural adjustments for a life in the city. Anim Behav. 85(5):1101–1112. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprau P, Mouchet A, Dingemanse NJ. 2017. Multidimensional environmental predictors of variation in avian forest and city life histories. Behav Ecol. 28(1):59–68. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arw130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagoll K, Lindenmayer DB, Knight E, Fischer J, Manning AD. 2012. Large trees are keystone structures in urban parks. Conserv Lett. 5(2):115–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00216.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanalgo KC, Achondo MJMM, Hughes AC. 2019. Small things matter: The value of rapid biodiversity surveys to understanding local bird diversity patterns in Southcentral Mindanao, Philippines. Trop Conserv Sci. 12:1940082919869482. doi: 10.1177/1940082919869482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theodorou P. 2022. The effects of urbanisation on ecological interactions. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 52:100922. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tscharntke T, Karp D, Chaplin-Kramer R, Batáry P, DeClerck F, Gratton C, Hunt L, Ives A, Jonsson M, Larsen A, et al. 2016. When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control – Five hypotheses. Biol Conserv. 204:449–458. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turrini T, Knop E. 2015. A landscape ecology approach identifies important drivers of urban biodiversity. Glob Change Biol. 21(4):1652–1667. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdés‐Correcher E, Mäntylä E, Barbaro L, Damestoy T, Sam K, Castagneyrol B. 2022. Following the track: accuracy and reproducibility of predation assessment on artificial caterpillars. Entomol Exp Appl. 170(10):914–921. doi: 10.1111/eea.13210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welti EAR, Prather RM, Sanders NJ, de Beurs KM, Kaspari M, Morris R. 2020. Bottom-up when it is not top-down: Predators and plants control biomass of grassland arthropods. J Anim Ecol. 89(5):1286–1294. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witwicka A, Frydryszak D, Antoł A, Czarnoleski M. 2019. Effects of habitat, leaf damage and leaf rolling on the predation risk of caterpillars in the tropical rain forest of Borneo. J Trop Ecol. 35(5):251–253. doi: 10.1017/S0266467419000191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang LH, Postema EG, Hayes TE, Lippey MK, MacArthur-Waltz DJ. 2021. The complexity of global change and its effects on insects. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 47:90–102. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zvereva EL, Paolucci LN, Kozlov MV. 2020. Top-down factors contribute to differences in insect herbivory between saplings and mature trees in boreal and tropical forests. Oecologia. 193(1):167–176. doi: 10.1007/s00442-020-04659-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar