Digital financial inclusion and the urban–rural income gap in China: empirical research based on the Theil index

References

• Becker, G., & Murphy, K. (1992). The division of labor, coordination costs, and knowledge. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(4), 1137–1160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bican, P. M., & Brem, A. (2020). Digital business model, digital transformation, digital entrepreneurship: Is there a sustainable "digital"? Sustainability, 12(13), 5239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. (2016). The impact of foreign direct investment on urban-rural income inequality Evidence from China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 8(3), 480–497. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-09-2015-0124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, D., & Ma, Y. (2022). Effect of industrial structure on urban-rural income inequality in China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 14(3), 547–566. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-05-2021-0096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke-Sather, A., Qu, J., Wang, Q., Zeng, J. J., & Li, Y. (2011). Carbon inequality at the sub-national scale: A case study of provincial-level inequality in CO2 emissions in China 1997–2007. Energy Policy, 39(9), 5420–5428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.05.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cnaan, R. A., Scott, M. L., Heist, H. D., & Moodithaya, M. S. (2021). Financial inclusion in the digital banking age: Lessons from rural India. Journal of Social Policy, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279421000738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrado, G., & Corrado, L. (2017). Inclusive finance for inclusive growth and development. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 24, 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Jesus, F., Oliveira, T., Bacao, F., & Irani, Z. (2017). Assessing the pattern between economic and digital development of countries. Information Systems Frontiers, 19(4), 835–854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-016-9634-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, Q., Li, J., Li, Y., Huang, N., Zhou, J., & Li, Z. (2020). Carbon inequality in the transportation industry: Empirical evidence from. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(6), 6300–6311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furusawa, T., Konishi, H., & Duong, T. L. A. (2020). International trade and income inequality. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 122(3), 993–1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaney, T. M., & Li, Y. (2017). Multinational enterprises and regional inequality in China. Journal of Asian Economics, 48, 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2016.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, F., Wang, J. Y., Wang, F., Kong, T., Zhang, X., & Cheng, Z. Y. (2019). Measuring China’s digital finance inclusion: Index compilation and spatial characteristics. China Economic Quarterly, 19(4), 1401–1418.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, J. B., Liu, C. H., Chen, S. X., Huang, X., & Hao, Y. (2019). The convergence characteristics of China’s carbon intensity: Evidence from a dynamic spatial panel approach. The Science of the Total Environment, 668, 685–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y., & Huang, Z. (2018). The development of digital finance in China: Present and future. China Economic Quarterly, 17(4), 1489–1502.
   Google Scholar
• Ji, X., Wang, K., Xu, H., & Li, M. (2021). Has digital financial inclusion narrowed the urban-rural income gap: The role of entrepreneurship in China. Sustainability, 13(15), 8292–8292. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei, K. (2014). Pro-competitive effect, division of labor, and firm productivity. Economics Letters, 124(1), 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khera, P., Ng, S., Ogawa, S., & Sahay, R. (2022). Measuring digital financial inclusion in emerging market and developing economies: A new index. Asian Economic Policy Review, 17(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh, S. G. M., Lee, G. H. Y., & Bomhoff, E. J. (2020). The income inequality, financial depth and economic growth nexus in China. World Economy, 43(2), 412–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12825
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotschy, R., & Sunde, U. (2021). Income Shocks, Inequality, and Democracy*. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 123(1), 295–326. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legros, P., Newman, A. F., & Proto, E. (2014). Smithian growth through creative organization. Review of Economics and Statistics, 96(5), 796–811. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Wu, Y., & Xiao, J. J. (2020). The impact of digital finance on household consumption: Evidence from China. Economic Modelling, 86, 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., & Feng, S. X. (2020). Digital inclusive finance and urban-rural income gap: A literature based analysis. Contemporary Economic Management, 42, 93–102.
   Google Scholar
• Li, M.-c., Feng, S.-x., & Xie, X. (2022). Spatial effect of digital financial inclusion on the urbanrural income gap in Chinaanalysis based on path dependence. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2106279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Wang, M., Liao, G., & Wang, J. (2022). Spatial spillover effect and threshold effect of digital financial inclusion on farmers' income growth-based on provincial data of China. Sustainability, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Liu, C., & Zhou, M. (2021). Does digital inclusive finance promote agricultural production for rural households in China? China Agricultural Economic Review, 13(2), 475–494. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-06-2020-0141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lokshin, B., & Mohnen, P. (2013). Do R&D tax incentives lead to higher wages for R&D workers? Evidence from The Netherlands. Research Policy, 42(3), 823–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madrid-Guijarro, A., Garcia-Perez-de-Lema, D., & Van Auken, H. (2016). Financing constraints and SME innovation during economic crises. Academia-Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 29(1), 84–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-04-2015-0067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozili, P. K. (2018). Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remuzgo, L., & Sarabia, J. M. (2020). Desigualdad en la distribución mundial de emisiones de CO2 por sectores: Descomposición y estudio de sensibilidad. Studies of Applied Economics, 31(1), 65–92. https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v31i1.3261
   Google Scholar
• Ren, B. Y., & Li, L. Y. (2019). Does digital inclusion finance promote inclusive growth in rural areas? A study on the survey data from 2114 rural residents in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces. Modern Finance and Economics -Journal of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 4, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Rucker, D. D., Preacher, K. J., Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2011). Mediation analysis in social psychology: Current practices and new recommendations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00355.x
   Google Scholar
• Satya, R., & Chakravarty, R. P. (2013). Financial inclusion in India: An axiomatic approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(5), 813–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2012.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarabia, J. M., Jorda, V., & Remuzgo, L. (2017). The Theil indices in parametric families of income distributions: a short review. Review of Income and Wealth, 63(4), 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmied, J., & Marr, A. (2016). Financial Inclusion And Poverty: The Case of Peru. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 16, 29–40.
   Google Scholar
• Sheng, P., Li, J., Zhai, M., & Majeed, M. U. (2021). Economic growth efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency in China: Coupling or decoupling. Energy Reports, 7, 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.12.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2008). An inquiry into the nature and the causes of the wealth of nations. University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Song, X. (2017). Empirical analysis of digital inclusive finance bridging the urban–rural residents’ income gap. Finance & Economics, 6, 14–25.
   Google Scholar
• Tian, J., Tan, Q., & Jin, J. (2021). Can digital finance improve misallocation of resources? Collected Essays on Finance and Economics, 4, 49–60.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Wang, Y. A., Sun, Y. X., Han, K. J., & Chen, Y. T. (2022). Financial inclusion and green economic efficiency: evidence from China. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 65(2), 240–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.1881459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuttke, J. (2017). The dark side of China’s economic rise. Global Policy, 8, 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12439
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X. (2001). Economics: New classical versus neoclassical frameworks. Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, X., & Ng, Y.-K. (1993). Specialization and economic organization: A new economic framework. North-Holland.
   Google Scholar
• Ye, D., Huang, A., & Zeng, F. (2021). Does structural matching between finance and the real economy promote economic growth? International Review of Economics & Finance, 73, 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.12.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi, X. J., & Zhou, L. (2018). Does digital inclusive finance significantly influence household consumption? Evidence from household survey data in China. Journal of Financial Research, 11, 47–67.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, G. H., & Lu, Z. (2021). Rural credit input, labor transfer and urban-rural income gap: evidence from China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 13(4), 872–893. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-09-2020-0229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, N., & Wang, Y. (2021). Can digital inclusive finance narrow the Chinese urban–rural income gap? The perspective of the regional urban–rural income structure. Sustainability, 13(11), 6427. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H. W. (2019). Effect of low carbon economy on enterprise competitiveness: A multiple mediation model. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(4), 8793–8803. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1704_87938803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Wan, G. H., & Zhang, J. J. (2019). Digital economy, financial inclusion, and inclusive growth. Economic Research Journal, 54(8), 71–86.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, L. (2014). China’s internet finance: Mode, influence, nature, and risk. International Economic Review, 5, 103–118.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, L., Yang, C., Zhang, Y., & Xue, Y. (2022). Using marginal land resources to solve the shortage of rural entrepreneurial land in China. LAND, 11(7), 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, S., Yu, C., & He, C. (2020). Export structures, income inequality and urban-rural divide in China. Applied Geography, 115, 102150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar