144
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

The role of the eye region for neural correlates of familiar face recognition: The N250r reveals no evidence for eye-centred face representations

, , , &
Pages 501-519 | Received 20 Feb 2023, Accepted 13 Dec 2023, Published online: 13 Feb 2024

References

  • Abudarham, N., Shkiller, L., & Yovel, G. (2019). Critical features for face recognition. Cognition, 182, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.09.002
  • Andrews, S., Burton, A. M., Schweinberger, S. R., & Wiese, H. (2017). Event-related potentials reveal the development of stable face representations from natural variability. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(8), 1620–1632. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1195851
  • Begleiter, H., Porjesz, B., & Wang, W. (1995). Event-related brain potentials differentiate priming and recognition to familiar and unfamiliar faces. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 94(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(94)00240-L
  • Bentin, S., Allison, T., Puce, A., Perez, E., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(6), 551–565. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551
  • Bentin, S., & Deouell, L. Y. (2000). Structural encoding and identification in face processing: ERP evidence for separate mechanisms. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/026432900380472
  • Bindemann, M., Burton, A. M., Leuthold, H., & Schweinberger, S. R. (2008). Brain potential correlates of face recognition: Geometric distortions and the N250r brain response to stimulus repetitions. Psychophysiology, 45(4), 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00663.x
  • Boudewyn, M. A., Luck, S. J., Farrens, J. L., & Kappenman, E. S. (2018). How many trials does it take to get a significant ERP effect? It depends. Psychophysiology, 55(6), e13049. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13049
  • Bruce, V., Henderson, Z., Greenwood, K., Hancock, P. J. B., Burton, A. M., & Miller, P. (1999). Verification of face identities from images captured on video. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5(4), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.5.4.339
  • Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77(Pt 3), 305–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x
  • Bruce, V., & Young, A. W. (2012). Face perception. Psychology Press.
  • Burton, A. M. (2013). Why has research in face recognition progressed so slowly? The importance of variability. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(8), 1467–1485. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.800125
  • Burton, A. M., Wilson, S., Cowan, M., & Bruce, V. (1999). Face recognition in poor-quality video: Evidence from security surveillance. Psychological Science, 10(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00144
  • Butler, S., Blais, C., Gosselin, F., Bub, D., & Fiset, D. (2010). Recognizing famous people. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(6), 1444–1449. https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.6.1444
  • Caharel, S., & Rossion, B. (2021). The N170 is sensitive to long-term (personal) familiarity of a face identity. Neuroscience, 458, 244–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.036
  • Costen, N. P., Parker, D. M., & Craw, I. (1996). Effects of high-pass and low-pass spatial filtering on face identification. Perception & Psychophysics, 58(4), 602–612. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03213093
  • Crouzet, S. M., Kirchner, H., & Thorpe, S. J. (2010). Fast saccades toward faces: Face detection in just 100 ms. Journal of Vision, 10(4), 16–11-17. https://doi.org/10.1167/10.4.16
  • Cumming, G. (2012). Understanding the new statistics. Routledge.
  • Dakin, S. C., & Watt, R. J. (2009). Biological “bar codes” in human faces. Journal of Vision, 9(4), 2–1-10. https://doi.org/10.1167/9.4.2
  • Deffke, I., Sander, T., Heidenreich, J., Sommer, W., Curio, G., Trahms, L., & Lueschow, A. (2007). Meg/EEG sources of the 170-ms response to faces are co-localized in the fusiform gyrus. Neuroimage, 35(4), 1495–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.034
  • DeGutis, J., Wilmer, J., Mercado, R. J., & Cohan, S. (2013). Using regression to measure holistic face processing reveals a strong link with face recognition ability. Cognition, 126(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.09.004
  • de Haas, B., Sereno, M. I., & Schwarzkopf, D. S. (2021). Inferior occipital gyrus is organized along common gradients of spatial and face-part selectivity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 41(25), 5511–5521. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2415-20.2021
  • Eimer, M. (2011). The face-sensitive N170 component of the event-related brain potential. In A. J. Calder, G. Rhodes, M. H. Johnson, & J. V. Haxby (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of face perception (pp. 329–344). Oxford University Press.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Fisher, K., Towler, J., & Eimer, M. (2016). Effects of contrast inversion on face perception depend on gaze location: Evidence from the N170 component. Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(1-4), 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2015.1053441
  • Flevaris, A. V., Robertson, L. C., & Bentin, S. (2008). Using spatial frequency scales for processing face features and face configuration: An ERP analysis. Brain Research, 1194, 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.071
  • Galper, R. E. (1970). Recognition of faces in photographic negative. Psychonomic Science, 19(4), 207–208. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328777
  • Gandhi, T., Suresh, N., & Sinha, P. (2012). EEG responses to facial contrast-chimeras. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 11(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021963521250015X
  • Gilad, S., Meng, M., & Sinha, P. (2009). Role of ordinal contrast relationships in face encoding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(13), 5353–5358. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812396106
  • Gold, J. M., Mundy, P. J., & Tjan, B. S. (2012). The perception of a face is no more than the sum of its parts. Psychological Science, 23(4), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611427407
  • Halit, H., de Haan, M., Schyns, P. G., & Johnson, M. H. (2006). Is high-spatial frequency information used in the early stages of face detection? Brain Research, 1117(1), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.059
  • Issa, E. B., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2012). Precedence of the eye region in neural processing of faces. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(47), 16666–16682. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2391-12.2012
  • Itier, R. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2002). Inversion and contrast polarity reversal affect both encoding and recognition processes of unfamiliar faces: A repetition study using ERPs. Neuroimage, 15(2), 353–372. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0982
  • Itier, R. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2004). Effects of repetition learning on upright, inverted and contrast-reversed face processing using ERPs. Neuroimage, 21(4), 1518–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.016
  • Jackson, A. F., & Bolger, D. J. (2014). The neurophysiological bases of EEG and EEG measurement: A review for the rest of us. Psychophysiology, 51(11), 1061–1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12283
  • Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 4302–4311. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9151747
  • Kemp, R., Pike, G., White, P., & Musselman, A. (1996). Perception and recognition of normal and negative faces: The role of shape from shading and pigmentation cues. Perception, 25(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1068/p250037
  • Linka, M., Broda, M. D., Alsheimer, T., de Haas, B., & Ramon, M. (2022). Characteristic fixation biases in super-recognizers. Journal of Vision, 22(8), 17. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.8.17
  • Loftus, G. R., & Harley, E. M. (2005). Why is it easier to identify someone close than far away? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196348
  • Luck, S. J. (2014). An introduction to the event-related potential technique. MIT Press.
  • Maurer, D., Grand, R. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4
  • McKelvie, S. J. (1976). The role of eyes and mouth in the memory of a face. American Journal of Psychology, 89(2), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.2307/1421414
  • Mohr, S., Wang, A., & Engell, A. D. (2018). Early identity recognition of familiar faces is not dependent on holistic processing. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(10), 1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy079
  • Nasanen, R. (1999). Spatial frequency bandwidth used in the recognition of facial images. Vision Research, 39(23), 3824–3833. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00096-6
  • Ohayon, S., Freiwald, W. A., & Tsao, D. Y. (2012). What makes a cell face selective? The importance of contrast. Neuron, 74(3), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.024
  • Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4
  • Parker, D. M., & Costen, N. P. (1999). One extreme or the other or perhaps the golden mean? Issues of spatial resolution in face processing. Current Psychology, 18(1), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-999-1021-3
  • Peterson, M. F., & Eckstein, M. P. (2012). Looking just below the eyes is optimal across face recognition tasks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(48), E3314–E3323. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214269109
  • Pickering, E. C., & Schweinberger, S. R. (2003). N200, N250r, and N400 event-related brain potentials reveal three loci of repetition priming for familiar names. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(6), 1298–1311. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.6.1298
  • Puce, A., Allison, T., Asgari, M., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Differential sensitivity of human visual cortex to faces, letterstrings, and textures: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The Journal of Neuroscience, 16(16), 5205–5215. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-16-05205.1996
  • Quinn, B. P., & Wiese, H. (2023). The role of the eye region for familiar face recognition: Evidence from spatial low-pass filtering and contrast negation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (Hove), 76(2), 338–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218221085990
  • Royer, J., Blais, C., Charbonneau, I., Dery, K., Tardif, J., Duchaine, B., Gosselin, F., & Fiset, D. (2018). Greater reliance on the eye region predicts better face recognition ability. Cognition, 181, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.004
  • Russell, R., Sinha, P., Biederman, I., & Nederhouser, M. (2006). Is pigmentation important for face recognition? Evidence from contrast negation. Perception, 35(6), 749–759. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5490
  • Sadr, J., Jarudi, I., & Sinha, P. (2003). The role of eyebrows in face recognition. Perception, 32(3), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5027
  • Schweinberger, S. R., & Burton, A. M. (2003). Covert recognition and the neural system for face processing. Cortex, 39(1), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70071-6
  • Schweinberger, S. R., & Neumann, M. F. (2016). Repetition effects in human ERPs to faces. Cortex, 80, 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.001
  • Schweinberger, S. R., Pfütze, E. M., & Sommer, W. (1995). Repetition and associative priming of face recognition - Evidence from event-related potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 21(3), 722–736. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.3.722
  • Schweinberger, S. R., Pickering, E. C., Burton, A. M., & Kaufmann, J. M. (2002a). Human brain potential correlates of repetition priming in face and name recognition. Neuropsychologia, 40(12), 2057–2073. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00050-7
  • Schweinberger, S. R., Pickering, E. C., Jentzsch, I., Burton, A. M., & Kaufmann, J. M. (2002b). Event-related brain potential evidence for a response of inferior temporal cortex to familiar face repetitions. Cognitive Brain Research, 14(3), 398–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00142-8
  • Sekuler, A. B., Gaspar, C. M., Gold, J. M., & Bennett, P. J. (2004). Inversion leads to quantitative, not qualitative, changes in face processing. Current Biology, 14(5), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.02.028
  • Sinha, P. (2002). Recognizing complex patterns. Nature Neuroscience, 5(Suppl), 1093–1097. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn949
  • Sormaz, M., Andrews, T. J., & Young, A. W. (2013). Contrast negation and the importance of the eye region for holistic representations of facial identity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(6), 1667–1677. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032449
  • Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 46(2), 225–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749308401045
  • Vinette, C., Gosselin, F., & Schyns, P. G. (2004). Spatio-temporal dynamics of face recognition in a flash: It’s in the eyes. Cognitive Science, 28(2), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsci.2004.01.002.
  • Wiese, H., Chan, C. Y. X., & Tüttenberg, S. C. (2019a). Properties of familiar face representations: Only contrast positive faces contain all information necessary for efficient recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45(9), 1583–1598. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000665
  • Wiese, H., Tüttenberg, S. C., Ingram, B. T., Chan, C. Y. X., Gurbuz, Z., Burton, A. M., & Young, A. W. (2019b). A robust neural index of high face familiarity. Psychological Science, 30(2), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618813572
  • Young, A. W., & Burton, A. M. (2018). Are we face experts? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.007
  • Young, A. W., Hellawell, D., & Hay, D. C. (1987). Configurational information in face perception. Perception, 16(6), 747–759. https://doi.org/10.1068/p160747
  • Yovel, G., Tambini, A., & Brandman, T. (2008). The asymmetry of the fusiform face area is a stable individual characteristic that underlies the left-visual-field superiority for faces. Neuropsychologia, 46(13), 3061–3068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.06.017

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.