Potential drug therapies for the treatment of fibromyalgia

References

• Yunus MB. Central sensitivity syndromes: a new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;37(6):339–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus MB. Editorial review: an update on central sensitivity syndromes and the issues of nosology and psychobiology. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2015;11(2):70–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häuser W, Ablin J, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Fibromyalgia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borchers AT, Gershwin ME. Fibromyalgia: a critical and comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015;49(2):100–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson K. Treatment options and patient perspectives in the management of fibromyalgia: future trends. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(6):1059–1071.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glass JM. Fibromyalgia and cognition. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69 Suppl 2:20–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolucci PHF, de Oliveira FF. Cognitive impairment in fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(7):344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams DA, Clauw DJ. Understanding fibromyalgia: lessons from the broader pain research community. J Pain. 2009;10(8):777–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin S, Caldwell W, Gritsenko K. Fibromyalgia pathogenesis and treatment options update. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016;20:25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Üçeyler N, Zeller D, Kahn AK, et al. Small fibre pathology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Brain. 2013;136:1857–1867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caro XJ, Winter EF. The role and importance of small fiber neuropathy in fibromyalgia pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015;19(12):55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrecht PJ, Hou Q, Argoff CE, et al. Excessive peptidergic sensory innervation of cutaneous arteriole-venule shunts (AVS) in the palmar glabrous skin of fibromyalgia patients: implications for widespread deep tissue pain and fatigue. Pain Med. 2013;14(6):895–915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris RE, Clauw DJ. How do we know that the pain in fibromyalgia is “real”? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2006;10(6):403–407.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laske C, Stransky E, Eschweiler GW, et al. Increased BDNF serum concentration in fibromyalgia with or without depression or antidepressants. J Psychiatr Res. 2007;41(7):600–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris RE, Sundgren PC, Craig AD, et al. Elevated insular glutamate in fibromyalgia is associated with experimental pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(10):3146–3152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abeles AM, Pillinger MH, Solitar BM, et al. Narrative review: the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(10):726–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ablin JN, Buskila D, Clauw DJ. Biomarkers in fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009;13(5):343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood PB, Schweinhardt P, Jaeger E, et al. Fibromyalgia patients show an abnormal dopamine response to pain. Eur J Neurosci. 2007;25(12):3576–3582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood PB, Holman AJ. An elephant among us: the role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(2):221–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedj E, Cammilleri S, Niboyet J, et al. Clinical correlate of brain SPECT perfusion abnormalities in fibromyalgia. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(11):1798–1803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adigüzel O, Kaptanoglu E, Turgut B, et al. The possible effect of clinical recovery on regional cerebral blood flow deficits in fibromyalgia: a prospective study with semiquantitative SPECT. South Med J. 2004;97(7):651–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ablin JN, Buskila D. Update on the genetics of the fibromyalgia syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2015;29(1):20–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker S, Schweinhardt P. Dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in fibromyalgia, their role in central stress circuitry and pharmacological actions on these systems. Pain Res Treat. 2012;2012:741746.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macedo JA, Hesse J, Turner JD, et al. Glucocorticoid sensitivity in fibromyalgia patients: decreased expression of corticosteroid receptors and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33(6):799–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease P. Fibromyalgia syndrome: review of clinical presentation, pathogenesis, outcome measures, and treatment. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2005;75:6–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradley LA. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of fibromyalgia and its related disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69 Suppl 2:6–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gur A, Oktayoglu P. Status of immune mediators in fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12(3):175–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassisi G, Sarzi-Puttini P, Casale R, et al. Pain in fibromyalgia and related conditions. Reumatismo. 2014;66(1):72–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Häuser W, Walitt B, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Review of pharmacological therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(1):201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SC, Landon JE, Lee YC. Patterns of health care utilization related to initiation of amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin, or pregabalin in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häuser W, Jung E, Erbslöh-Möller B, et al. The German fibromyalgia consumer reports - a cross-sectional survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Walitt BT, Katz RS, et al. Longitudinal patterns of analgesic and central acting drug use and associated effectiveness in fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain. 2013;17(4):581–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceko M, Bushnell MC, Gracely RH. Neurobiology underlying fibromyalgia symptoms. Pain Res Treat. 2012;2012:585419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tofferi JK, Jackson JL, O’Malley PG. Treatment of fibromyalgia with cyclobenzaprine: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51(1):9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Harris HW, Archambault WT, et al. Effects of bedtime very low dose cyclobenzaprine on symptoms and sleep physiology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(12):2653–2663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman S, Clauw D, Gendreau J, et al. TNX-102 SL for the treatment of fibromyalgia: role of nonrestorative sleep on pain centralization. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://www.theravance.com/search?words=fibromyalgia [cited 2016 Mar 4].
   Google Scholar
• Patkar AA, Masand PS, Krulewicz S, et al. A randomized, controlled, trial of controlled release paroxetine in fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2007;120(5):448–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morillas-Arques P, Rodriguez-Lopez CM, Molina-Barea R, et al. Trazodone for the treatment of fibromyalgia: an open-label, 12-week study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calandre EP, Morillas-Arques P, Molina-Barea R, et al. Trazodone plus pregabalin combination in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a two-phase, 24-week, open-label uncontrolled study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12:95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue A, Hashimoto T, Hide I, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-facilitated release of substance P from rat spinal cord slices is mediated by nitric oxide and cyclic GMP. J Neurochem. 1997;68(1):128–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Färber L, Haus U, Späth M, et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of the 5-HT3 receptor. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 2004;119:2–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vergne-Salle P, Dufauret-Lombard C, Bonnet C, et al. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dolasetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, in patients with fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain. 2011;15(5):509–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeephu S, Suthisisang C, Suttiruksa S, et al. Efficacy and safety of mirtazapine in fibromyalgia syndrome patients: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47(7–8):921–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Hirsch I, Sanders P, et al. Safety and efficacy of esreboxetine in patients with fibromyalgia: a fourteen-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(7):2387–2397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man in ‘t Veld AJ, Boomsma F, van den Meiracker AH, et al. Effect of unnatural noradrenaline precursor on sympathetic control and orthostatic hypotension in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Lancet. 1987;2:1172–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://www.macplc.com/images/resource/24CHE%206717%20EFIC%202013%20Poster%20Dose-Ranging%20Study%20in%20Fibromyalgia.pdf [cited 2016 Mar 4].
   Google Scholar
• Ledermann K, Jenewein J, Sprott H, et al. Relation of dopamine receptor 2 binding to pain perception in female fibromyalgia patients with and without depression - a [(11)C] raclopride PET-study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26(2):320–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman AJ, Myers RR. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, in patients with fibromyalgia receiving concomitant medications. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(8):2495–2505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman AJ. Ropinirole, open preliminary observations of a dopamine agonist for refractory fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol. 2003;9(4):277–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Distler O, Eich W, Dokoupilova E, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of terguride in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a twelve-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(1):291–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palangio M, Flores JA, Joyal SV. Treatment of fibromyalgia with sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate: comment on the article by Goldenberg et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(9):2545–2546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittkampf LC, Arends J, Timmerman L, et al. A review of modafinil and armodafinil as add-on therapy in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2012;2(3):115–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz TL, Siddiqui UA, Raza S, et al. Armodafinil for fibromyalgia fatigue. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(7–8):1347–1348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz RS, Bond H, Leavitt F. Methylphenidate improves concentration, energy and mood in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(Suppl):S470.
   Google Scholar
• Ramzy EA. Comparative efficacy of newer antidepressants in combination with pregabalin for fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled, randomized study. Pain Pract. 2016. doi:10.1111/papr.12409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidel S, Aigner M, Ossege M, et al. Antipsychotics for acute and chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8:CD004844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potvin S, Morin M, Cloutier C, et al. Add-on treatment of quetiapine for fibromyalgia: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32(5):684–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre A, Paisley D, Kouassi E, et al. Quetiapine fumarate extended-release for the treatment of major depression with comorbid fibromyalgia syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(2):451–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Galán J, et al. Quetiapine extended-release (Seroquel-XR) versus amitriptyline monotherapy for treating patients with fibromyalgia: a 16-week, randomized, flexible-dose, open-label trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014;231(12):2525–2531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico-Villademoros F, Calandre EP, Slim M. Current status of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Drugs Today (Barc). 2014;50(6):435–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman P. Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action. Can J Psychiatry. 2002;47(1):27–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico-Villademoros F, Rodriguez-Lopez CM, Morillas-Arques P, et al. Amisulpride in the treatment of fibromyalgia: an uncontrolled study. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(9):1371–1375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calandre EP, Hidalgo J, Rico-Villademoros F. Use of ziprasidone in patients with fibromyalgia: a case series. Rheumatol Int. 2007;27(5):473–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoyama T, Arakawa N, Domon Y, et al. Pharmacological, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of DS-5565 a novel a2α ligand. Poster presented at the World Congress of Neurology; 2013 Sept 21–26; Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Field MJ, Cox PJ, Stott E, et al. Identification of the alpha2-delta-1 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels as a molecular target for pain mediating the analgesic actions of pregabalin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:17537–17542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treatment of Pain Associated With Fibromyalgia [ cited 2016 Mar 4]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02146430.
   Google Scholar
• Ulloa CM, Towfigh A, Safdieh J. Review of levetiracetam, with a focus on the extended release formulation, as adjuvant therapy in controlling partial-onset seizures. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:467–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong MS, Libretto SE. The rationale and use of topiramate for treating neuropathic pain. Clin J Pain. 2003;19(1):59–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beydoun A, D’Souza J, Hebert D, et al. Lacosamide: pharmacology, mechanisms of action and pooled efficacy and safety data in partial-onset seizures. Exp Rev Neurotherap. 2009;9(1):33–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Moore R, et al. Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6:CD010567.
   Google Scholar
• Üçeyler N, Sommer C, Walitt B, et al. Anticonvulsants for fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD010782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivan-Blázquez B, Herrera-Mercadal P, Puebla-Guedea M, et al. Efficacy of memantine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. Pain. 2014;155(12):2517–2525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivan-Blázquez B, Puebla M, Masluk B, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of memantine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: study protocol for a doubled-blind randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up. Trials. 2013;14:3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayed N, Olivan-Blázquez B, Herrera-Mercadal P, et al. Changes in metabolites after treatment with memantine in fibromyalgia. A double-blind randomized controlled trial with magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a 6-month follow-up. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2014;20(11):999–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukada R, Iseki M. The latest clinical findings for yokukansan based on its pharmacological effects: Yokukansan update. Juntendo Med J. 2014;60(6):552–558.
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura Y, Tajima K, Kawagoe I, et al. Efficacy of traditional herbal medicine Yokukansan on patients with neuropathic pain. Jap J Anesthesiol. 2009;58(10):1248–1255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshitaka N, Nakamura Y, Tajima K, et al. Efficacy of traditional herbal medicine yokukansan on patients with neuropathic pain. Masui. 2009;58:1248–1255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The examination of the utility of the Yokukansan for the insomnia to fibromyalgia [cited 2016 Mar 4. http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700209926.
   Google Scholar
• GW679769 in fibromyalgia [cited 2016 Mar 4]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00264628.
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher M, Pasvankas G. Topical capsaicin formulations in the management of neuropathic pain. Prog Drug Res. 2014;68:105–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Casanueva B, Rodero B, Quintial C, et al. Short-term efficacy of topical capsaicin therapy in severely affected fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33(10):2665–2670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younger J, Noor N, McCue R, et al. Low-dose naltrexone for the treatment of fibromyalgia: findings of a small, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover trial assessing daily pain levels. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(2):529–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuda M, Masuda T, Tozaki-Saitoh H, et al. Microglial regulation of neuropathic pain. J Pharmacol Sci. 2013;121(2):89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo EB. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008;29(2):192–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzcharles MA, Baerwald C, Ablin J, et al. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases (fibromyalgia syndrome, back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis): a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Schmerz. 2016;30(1):47–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skrabek RQ, Galimova L, Ethans K, et al. Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2008;9(2):164–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware MA, Fitzcharles MA, Joseph L, et al. The effects of nabilone on sleep in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(2):604–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber J, Schley M, Casutt M, et al. Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) treatment in chronic central neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia patients: results of a multicenter survey. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2009;2009: pii:827290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banks S, O’Neill C, Sebree T. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of subcutaneously administered ZYN001 in male Sprague-Dawley rats. PAINWeek. 2015 Sept 8–12 [cited 2016 Mar 4]. http://zynerba.com/publications/
   Google Scholar
• THC Pro-Drug Patch – ZYN001. Being studied in fibromyalgia and peripheral neuropathic pain [ cited 2016 Mar 4]. http://zynerba.com/in-development/thc-pro-drug-patch-zyn001/
   Google Scholar
• Raffa RB, Pergolizzi JV Jr. The evolving understanding of the analgesic mechanism of action of flupirtine. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2012;37(1):4–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harish S, Bhuvana K, Bengalorkar GM, et al. Flupirtine: clinical pharmacology. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2012;28(2):172–177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stoll AL. Fibromyalgia symptoms relieved by flupirtine: an open-label case series. Psychosomatics. 2000;41(4):371–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan V, Pandi-Perumal SR, Spence DW, et al. Potential use of melatonergic drugs in analgesia: mechanisms of action. Brain Res Bull. 2010;81(4–5):362–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citera G, Arias MA, Maldonado-Cocco JA, et al. The effect of melatonin in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(1):9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain SA-R, Al-Khalifa II, Jasim NA, et al. Adjuvant use of melatonin for treatment of fibromyalgia. J Pineal Res. 2011;50(3):267–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Zanette SA, Vercelino R, Laste G, et al. Melatonin analgesia is associated with improvement of the descending endogenous pain-modulating system in fibromyalgia: a phase II, randomized, double-dummy, controlled trial. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;15:40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruno A, Micò U, Lorusso S, et al. Agomelatine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a 12-week, open-label, uncontrolled preliminary study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(4):507–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calandre EP, Slim M, Garcia-Leiva JM, et al. Agomelatine for the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia and depressive symptomatology: an uncontrolled, 12-week, pilot study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2014;47(2):67–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innovative Med Concepts (IMC) [cited 2016 Mar 4]. http://www.innovativemedconcepts.com/pipeline.html.
   Google Scholar
• Pridgen W, Duffy C, Gendreau J, et al. A combination of celecoxib and famciclovir is efficacious in the treatment of fibromyalgia: results of a phase IIa randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 2014-ACR_ARHP-Annual-Meeting; 2014 Nov 14–19; Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Luciano JV, García-Forero C, Cerdà-Lafont M, et al. Functional status, quality of life, and costs associated with fibromyalgia subgroups: a latent profile analysis. Clin J Pain. 2015;1. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000336.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sisignano M, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Drug repurposing for the development of novel analgesics. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016;37(3):172–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar